RU2371262C1 - Method for fractioning and further flattening of grain material and devices for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to agricultural production and may be used for postharvest treatment of grain and production of concentrated fodders for livestock sector. Method includes cleaning from admixtures, separation of grain material into three fractions with winnower: seed grain, forage fraction that consists of large and fine-sized and frail grains and cleaned after fractioning with air flow from light admixtures, and wastes, flattening of produced forage fraction with rolling mill and cleaning from metal-magnet admixtures, preservation with liquid preservatives and separation of grain material. Fractioning of grain material is done on air-grid winnower, comprising pneumatic system that consists of diametral fan, the first and second pneumatic-separation channels with feeding devices, settling chambers with devices for withdrawal of separated admixtures, dust catcher and control gate valves, and grid portion made of upper and lower two-level sieve boots installed with the possibility to make harmonic oscillating motions, with devices of sieve cleaning, and diverging trays fixed in end part of sieve levels. In trays of lower level of sieves in upper sieve boot and upper and lower levels of sieves in lower sieve boot there are rotary gate valves to diverge grain fractions, when they are installed into position "closed", into the second pneumatic-separating channel of pneumatic system. When rotary gate valve of lower level trays in sieves of upper sieve boot and lower level of sieves in lower sieve boot is set in position "closed" and rotary gate valve of upper level tray in sieves of lower sieve boot - into position "opened", to clean light admixtures with air flow, tailings from lower level of upper sieve boot sieves are sent into second pneumatic-separation channel together with tailings from lower level of sieves in lower sieve boot. Flattening is carried out at roller mill, which is equipped with rotary magnetic roller for removal of magnetic admixtures, installed between feed hopper and main upper roll, and reflecting plate installed between magnetic roll and main roll.

EFFECT: improved quality of grain material cleaning and efficiency of technological process.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and can be used for post-harvest processing and preparation of grain for feeding, as well as the production of concentrated animal feed.

A known method of obtaining a product from cereal grain [1]. The essence of the method lies in the fact that dry grain, previously purified from impurities, is moistened to a moisture content of 18% to obtain a better product and sent to a rolling mill for conditioning. The disadvantage of this method is that the flattening grain can be served moist and without additional moisture, for example, immediately after harvesting, and the quality of flattened grain can be improved by reducing the content of flour, including the use of two-stage flattening.

A known method of fractionation and subsequent drying of grain material, for example, wet, including the separation of grain material into fractions by the OVS-25C machine: feed grain, food and seed grain, and waste, followed by drying of the feed fraction at a hard temperature, seed and food fraction in seed temperature conditions, and waste disposal [2]. After drying, the feed fraction is put into storage or served for processing, and dry seed and food grain are sorted by existing technologies. The disadvantage of this method is that with this method it is impossible to obtain the most valuable grain fraction (without the technical capabilities of the OVS-25 machine) without seed treatment on other grain cleaning machines — seed grain — for the purpose of its further conservation, and to send the selected feed fraction to obtain from her animal feed, because this fraction requires the separation of fine and light impurities from it, for which the dried feed fraction is fed back to the grain cleaning machine (for example, OVS-25C machine), which leads to additional costs. In addition, this method involves for further use of feed grain drying, which significantly increases the cost of feed.

A known method of fractionation and subsequent flattening of grain material, which is carried out on a line for processing grain of wax ripeness for animal feed [3], which is the closest analogue to the proposed invention and is taken as a prototype in terms of all the features. The method includes purification from impurities and separation into fractions of the wet grain material received for processing in a grain cleaning mechanism (grain cleaning machine), conditioning and preservation of the grain fraction with a liquid preservative. The essence of the method is as follows. The wet grain material received for processing is fed to a grain cleaning mechanism (grain cleaning machine), in which the material is divided into a grain fraction and a waste fraction. Grain is fed for conditioning by a flatting (roller) machine, and after conditioning is treated with a liquid preservative. The resulting product, rolled flattened grain, is sent for storage.

The disadvantage of this method is that all the grain extracted from the grain material is fed for flattening - without isolating from it the most valuable seed grain fraction (seed grain) necessary for the subsequent reproduction of the grain material, which leads to significant economic losses.

Known grain cleaning machine OVS-25A, designed for pre-treatment of grain material, which has two parallel working sieve mills that process it after air cleaning [4]. The OVS-25A machine divides grain material into large and medium-sized grain (food and seed grain fraction), small and sloppy grain (feed fraction), and waste. The disadvantage of the machine OVS-25A is the following. When the machine is operating, the lower sieves B and G of the mills, in contrast to the upper sieve B ₁ , allow half the amount of grain material per unit time, i.e. they work unproductive, and therefore the unproductive work of the machine. The second drawback of OVS-25A is the impossibility of obtaining a seed fraction on this machine - a medium grain size, when the larger grains passing through the holes of the sieve B ₂ are combined with medium grains passing through the holes of the sieve B ₁ and coming off the sieves B and G. In addition, the passage through sieves B and D — the feed fraction — is a mixture of fine and punctured grain (feed grain) and fine and light impurities, and for further use requires additional purification from these impurities.

Known air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractionation of grain material K-527A [5], containing a pneumatic system consisting of a diametrical fan, the first and second pneumatic separation channels with feeding devices, sedimentary chambers with output devices for selected impurities, dust collector and adjusting dampers, and a sieve part consisting of upper and lower sieve mills installed with the possibility of harmonic oscillatory movements, with sieve cleaning devices, and outlet trays, s fastened at the end of the tiers of the sieves. The K-527A grain cleaning machine is, in its technical essence, the closest analogue to the proposed invention in terms of a combination of features and is taken as a prototype. The machine divides the grain material received for processing into large and medium-sized grain (food and seed grain fraction), small and sloppy grain (feed fraction) and waste. This machine has the same disadvantages as the aforementioned OVS-25A machine: its sieve part cannot divide the grain material into the required number of fractions, and the obtained grain fractions are not sufficiently purified from impurities.

Known roller machine Murska 700S2 for flattening grain material [6], consisting of a frame, a feed hopper with an adjustment flap, two grooved rollers with cleaning knives, rotating in opposite directions and forming a conditioning zone and an adjustable gap between them, an auger and elevator for unloading the finished product. A rotating shaker of the incoming grain material is installed above the conditioning zone, and directly above it are the magnets of the magnetic impurity capture device, which is rigidly fixed in the feed hopper. A nozzle is installed in the screw for introducing the preservative into the rolled grain. The disadvantage of this roller mill is that the probability of metal-magnetic impurities getting into the zone of action of magnetic forces and, consequently, their release from the grain material is random, therefore the efficiency of this device is 50 ... 70%, while according to zootechnical requirements [Initial ( zootechnical) requirements for feed grain and flattened grain: GOST 9268-90, GOST 18221-72] the presence of metal-magnetic particles over 2 mm and with sharp edges is not allowed, as well as the fact that the removal of particles from magnets lavlivayuschego device is made manually by a roller machine is switched off, resulting in stopping the entire production process.

A known roller mill, comprising a drive and kinematically connected rollers, made with the possibility of displacement relative to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions and installed with adjustable gaps, a feed hopper with an unloading window, an adjustment shutter and a feed roller with grooves made along a helical line, cleaning knives mounted under the rollers; behind the cleaning knife of the upper main roller, a guide plate with nozzles is mounted. The roller drive is carried out from the electric motor [7]. The considered roller mill in its technical essence is the closest to the offer, and therefore is taken as a prototype. A disadvantage of the roller mill can be considered that its design does not provide a device for the separation of magnetic impurities from the processed material, which leads to a loss in the quality of flattened grain and premature failure of the working bodies of the machine.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for fractionation of grain material into seed grain, feed grain and wastes of the inventive grain cleaning machine, the intended use of grain fractions, the subsequent direction of purified feed from impurities in the inventive roller mill for purification from metallomagnetic impurities, conditioning and processing with a preservative - to obtain the finished product animal feed - flattened canned grain, reduce its cost and improve quality.

The problem is solved by the proposed method for fractionation and subsequent conditioning of the grain material and devices for its implementation.

A method for fractionation and subsequent flattening of grain material, including purification from impurities, separation of grain material into fractions by a grain cleaning machine, flattening by a roller mill and preserving grain with a liquid preservative, characterized in that the grain material is divided into fractions: seed grain, feed grain and waste, then the obtained feed grain, consisting of large and small-sized and puny grains and purified from light impurities after fractionation by the air flow, is sent for conditioning.

Devices for implementing the above method are an air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractioning grain material and a roller mill.

An air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractioning grain material, comprising a pneumatic system consisting of a diametrical fan, first and second air-separating channels with feeding devices, sedimentary chambers with devices for extracting selected impurities, a dust collector and adjusting dampers, and a sieve part consisting of upper and lower sieve mills installed with the possibility of performing harmonic oscillatory movements, with sieve cleaning devices, and outlet trays fixed to the front part of the tiers of the sieves, characterized in that the upper sieve mill is made in two tiers, on the trays of the lower tier of the sieves of the upper sieve mill and the upper and lower tiers of the sieves of the lower sieve mill, rotary shutters are installed to divert the grain fractions when they are set to the "closed" position in the second pneumatic separating the pneumatic system channel, and when installing the rotary shutter of the lower tier trays of the sieves of the upper sieve mill and the lower tier of the sieves of the lower sieve mill in the "closed" position, the rotary shutter of the tray in rhnego lower tier sieves sieve box into "open" position, for removal of light impurities air flow in the second channel is directed pneumoseparating converging from the lower tier of the upper sieve and the sieve box with converging lower tier sieve bottom sieve box.

Roller mill, including a drive and rollers kinematically connected with it, made with the possibility of displacement relative to each other in vertical and horizontal directions and installed with adjustable gaps, a feed hopper with a loading window and an adjustment flap, in which a feed roller with grooves is installed, cleaning knives, mounted under the rollers, nozzles mounted on a guide plate, characterized in that between the feed hopper and the upper main roller are additionally mounted a rotating magnetic roller to remove magnetic impurities and a reflective plate located between the magnetic roller and the upper main roller.

The method allows, due to the proposed air-sieve machine, to obtain a seed grain fraction from the wet grain material that has been processed and to direct it for preservation for subsequent reproduction of the grain material, to obtain a feed grain fraction consisting of large and small grains, and to further clean it of impurities on sieves and air flow and direct the thus obtained feed grain without preliminary drying, which reduces the cost of the product, in the proposed roller mill metallomagnetic for purifying impurities, which improves the quality of the final product, and the two-step crushing treatment of the liquid preservative recovered from waste material entering the grain and send them for recycling.

Therefore, the method for fractionation and subsequent flattening of the grain material and the device for its implementation solve the tasks assigned to them: they divide the grain material into seed grain, feed grain and waste, direct grain fractions to the intended grain use corresponding to their grain composition, they allow to obtain directly after fractionation and purification of impurities from feed grain the final product (ready-made feed for animals) - rolled flattened grain, reduce its cost and increase yut quality.

The drawing shows a flow diagram of a method for fractionation and subsequent flattening of grain material, as well as an air-sieve grain cleaning machine designed to separate the processed grain material into fractions and clean from impurities (see drawing, a), and a roller mill designed to clean feed grain from metallomagnetic impurities with its subsequent conditioning and processing with a preservative (see drawing, b).

The method for fractionation and subsequent conditioning of the grain material includes cleaning impurities and separating the grain material with an air-sieve machine into fractions: seed grain, consisting of medium-sized grain, sent for drying and preservation, feed grain, consisting of coarse and fine grain size, which after fractionation is cleaned of light impurities by air flow and sent to a roller mill for magnetic cleaning, two-stage conditioning and processing with a liquid preservative, and waste, n sent for recycling.

The air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractioning grain material consists of a pneumatic system and a sieve part mounted on the frame. The pneumatic system has a diametrical fan 1, the first 2 and second 3 pneumatic separating channels with feeding devices 4 and 5, respectively, dust precipitation chambers 6 and 7 with exhaust devices 8 and 9, respectively, dust collector 10 and adjusting dampers 11 and 12. The sieve part includes upper harmonious oscillations 13 and lower 14 sieve mills. The upper sieve mill 13 has two tiers of sieves - the upper 15 and lower 16, the lower sieve mill 14 - two tiers of sieves - the upper 17 and lower 18 and the bottom 19. A chain-scraper conveyor 20 is located above the upper tier of the sieves 20. Below the lower tier of the sieves 16 the upper mill 13 and under the tiers of the sieves 17 and 18 of the lower mill 14, brush cleaning devices 21, 22 and 23 are placed. Trays 24, 25, 26 and 27 are designed to receive fractions of the grain material to be cleaned from the sieves 15, 16, 17 and 18, and the trays 25, 26 and 27 are equipped with rotary shutters 28, 29 and 30, respectively, with ktsii dedicated machine grain material is discharged into the receivers I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII.

The roller mill consists of a frame 31, a feed hopper 32 with an adjustment flap 33, a curved guide plate 34, a feed shaft 35, an upper main 36, a side 37 and a lower 38 rollers. The upper main roller 36 is mounted on fixed supports, the side roller 37 and the lower 38 roll are mounted on adjusting mechanisms for the position of the rollers 39 and 40, providing a change in the position of the side 37 and lower 38 rollers in space. Nozzles 42 are installed on the guide plate 41. The cleaning knives 47, 48, 49 are installed at the upper main 36, side 37 and lower 38 rollers and are pressed to the surface of the rollers by springs 50, 51, 52. A rotating rotary roller is installed between the feed hopper 32 and the upper main roller 36 a magnetic roller 43 with a cleaning scraper 44 and a scraper 45. A reflecting plate 46 is installed between the magnetic roller 43 and the main roller 36, and there is a gap between the upper edge of the reflecting plate 46 and the magnetic roller 43 to allow free passage this, adhering to the roller 43. The drive of the main rollers is carried out from the electric motor 53 through a chain transmission 54, the feed and magnetic rollers - through chain transmissions 55 and 56 from the upper main roller 36.

The method for fractionation and subsequent conditioning of the grain material is as follows.

Grain material (for example, wet - immediately after combining) is fed to the post-harvest grain processing station and fed through grain pipes to an air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractionation of grain material, which operates as follows. The grain material is introduced into the first pneumatic separation channel 2 by pre-sieve cleaning by the feeding device 4, in which light impurities (dust, floor, straw particles, weed seeds, etc. - waste fraction) are removed by the air stream created by the diametrical fan 1 into the sedimentation chamber 6, are deposited in it and the output device 8 is removed from the pneumatic system to the receiver I. Grain material when bringing the sieve mills into harmonious oscillatory motion during operation is conditionally according to scheme a (the rotary shutter 28 of the tray 25 is installed in the position is “closed”, the rotary shutter 29 is set to the “open” position, the rotary shutter 30 is set to the “closed” position), cleaned of light impurities, enters the upper tier sieve 15 of the upper sieve mill 13. From this tier sieve large impurities (waste ) go straight off and with a tray 24 are discharged to the receiver V, from where they are taken out for disposal, and the grain material purified from large impurities is fed to the lower tier 16 of the upper sieve mill 13. When the rotary damper 28 of the tray 25 is set to the “closed” position, the grain fraction iala comprising large grain (fodder fraction) supplied to the second pneumoseparating channel 3 through a feed device 5. This also when attaching the rotary damper 30 in the "closed" is supplied from the line converging sieve 18 - fine grain fraction (fraction fodder). After separation of 3 light impurities from the feed fractions in the second pneumatic separating channel 3, the feed grain enters receiver VI and is sent for further processing, for example, flattening. The passage through the openings of the lower tier sieves 16 of the upper sieve mill 13 enters the upper tier sieves 17 of the lower sieve mill 14, and when the rotary damper 29 is set to the “open” position, the sieve 17 is off the tier 17 — a fraction consisting of medium-sized grains (seed grain), tray 26 is output to receiver IV. The grain fraction thus obtained — the seed grain — is sent, for example, through a receiver IV, for example, for drying and subsequent storage. The passage through the openings of the upper tier of the sieves 17 of the lower sieve mill 14 is fed to the lower tier of the sieves 18 of this mill, the descent from it enters the second air separation channel 3, and small impurities - the waste fraction - pass through the holes of the tier of the sieves 18 and, moving along the bottom 19 of the lower sieve mill 14, enter receiver II and are disposed of through it. Cleaning of the sieves of the mills is carried out by a chain-scraper conveyor 20 and brush devices 21, 22 and 23. Light impurities extracted in the second pneumatic separation channel 3 are discharged by the air stream into the second sedimentation chamber 7, deposited in it and the device 9 is discharged into the receiver VII. The exhaust air stream, cleaned by a dust collector 10, by a diametrical fan 1 is discharged into the atmosphere.

When setting up the lattice part of the machine according to scheme b, when the rotary shutters 28 and 30 are in the "open" position, and the rotary shutter 29 is set to the "closed" position, a descent from the tier 17 tier 17 is sent to the second pneumatic separating channel — the average grain size fraction - seed grain, the descent from the lower tier of the sieves 16 of the upper sieve mill 13 from the tray 25 is output to the receiver IV, and the descent from the lower tier of the sieves 18 of the lower sieve mill 14 through the tray 27 is output to the receiver III.

When the sieve part of the machine is in operation, when the rotary shutters 29 and 30 are installed in the “closed” position, and the rotary shutter 28 is in the “open” position (conditionally, operation according to scheme c), leaving the tiers of the sieves 17 and 18 of the lower sieve mill 14 is seed and food grain is fed into the second pneumatic separation channel 3, and the descent from the lower tier of the sieves 16 of the upper sieve mill 13 from the tray 25 is output to the receiver IV.

When setting up the lattice part of the machine according to scheme d, when the rotary shutters 28 of the lower tier of the sieves 16 of the upper sieve mill 13 and 29 of the upper tier of the sieves 17 of the lower mill 14 are set to the “closed” position and the rotary shutter 30 is in the “open” position, levels of sieves 16 and 17 - seed and food grain - is sent to the second pneumatic separation channel 3, and the feed fractions - the gathering of coarse grain and large impurities from the upper tier of the sieves 15 and the descent from the lower tier of the sieve 18, when the rotary shutter 30 is in the open position " , respectively, on trays 24 and 27 are output to receivers V and III.

Along with the marked schemes, the sieve part of the machine can be configured to work conditionally according to scheme e, when the rotary shutters 28, 29 and 30 are set to the closed position. In this case, all the grain cleaned by the sieve part of the machine is sent to the second air separation channel 3, where it is cleaned of light impurities, punctured and crushed grain. Therefore, the sieve part of the machines operates according to conventional technology.

Due to the aforementioned structural design of the technological process, the sieve part of the machine is universal - it is able to divide the processed grain material into the required number of fractions, for example: seed grain, consisting of medium-sized grains, feed grain, consisting of large and small grains, and waste (work machines conditionally according to scheme a), as well as qualitatively clean the resulting grain fractions from impurities.

The seed grain fraction - seed grain - is sent to traditional post-harvest processing (for example, drying, sorting in seed mode and subsequent storage), the waste is disposed of. Fodder fraction (coarse, fine and puny grain - fodder grain), allocated by an air-sieve machine, operating, for example, conditionally according to scheme a (the rotary shutter 28 of the tray 25 is set to the closed position, the rotary shutter 29 to the open position) , the rotary damper 30 is fixed in the closed position), it is cleaned of impurities and fed to a roller mill for purification from metallomagnetic impurities, conditioning and processing with a liquid preservative.

Roller machine operates as follows. Feed grain enters the feed hopper 32 of the roller mill, is aligned in width with the feed roller 35, and is poured uniformly through the loading window 57 onto the cylindrical surface of the rotating magnetic drum 43, rolled through it and enters the channel 58 formed by the walls of the feed hopper 32, the surface of the magnetic roller 43, a guide 34 and reflective 46 plates. Metallic impurities, when rolling grain along a roll 43, adhere to its cylindrical surface and through the gap between the reflecting plate 46 and the magnetic roll 43 are discharged outside the channel 58, where the scraper 44 and the scraper 45 are removed from the surface of the magnetic roll and sent to the unused waste bin, and the cleaned feed grain then enters the conditioning zone. Thus, the installation of a rotating magnetic drum with a cleaning device leads to a positive effect: all the grain material rolling along the magnetic drum falls into the zone of action of magnetic forces, therefore, all metallomagnetic impurities adhere to the surface of the drum and are brought out, which leads to an increase in the quality of the final product and its compliance with the requirements of GOST for feed grain.

The feed grain thus purified from metallurgical impurities goes through the first stage of conditioning with rollers 36 and 37 and the second stage with rollers 36 and 38. After passing through the second stage of conditioning, the grain material (rolled grain) enters the discharge zone, where through nozzles 42 mounted on the guide plate 41 , it is processed with a preservative solution, removed from the working area of the roller mill and, as a concentrated concentrated feed, is stored.

Thus, the use of the method for fractionation and subsequent conditioning of the grain material and devices for its implementation leads to the following positive results: it divides the grain material into seed grain, feed grain and waste, directs the obtained fractions to the intended grain use corresponding to their grain composition, and allows to obtain it directly after fractionation and purification of impurities from feed grain; the final product (ready-made feed for animals) - rolled flattened grain, reduces of costs and improves quality.

Literature

1. A.S. USSR No. 1701365 A1, V02C 4/06. A method of obtaining a product from cereal grains / N.I. Oseyko, B.S. Vlasov and A.I. Skorikov. Bull. No. 43, 1991 - 4 p.

2. Reconstruction of typical grain cleaning and drying complexes (recommendations) / A.I. Burkov, V. L. Andreev, M. F. Mashkovtsev. - Kirov: NIISH North-East, 2003. - P.16, 17.

3. Patent RU 31740 U1, 08.27.2003, 7 В02С 9/00. A line for processing grain of wax ripeness for animal feed / N. Trusov. et al. - 6 p.

4. Sychugov NP, Sychugov Yu.V., Isupov V.I. Mechanization of post-harvest processing of grain and grass seeds. - Kirov: FGUIPP "Vyatka", 2003. - P.73 ... 76.

5. Sychugov NP, Sychugov Yu.V., Isupov V.I. Mechanization of post-harvest processing of grain and grass seeds. - Kirov: FGUIPP "Vyatka", 2003. - P.81 ... 83.

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Claims (3)

1. A method for fractionation and subsequent flattening of grain material, including purification from impurities, separation of grain material into fractions by a grain cleaning machine, rolling mill flattening and preserving grain with a liquid preservative, characterized in that the grain material is divided into fractions: seed grain, feed grain and waste , then the obtained feed grain, consisting of large and small-sized and puny grains and purified from light impurities after fractionation by the air flow, is sent for conditioning. 2. An air-sieve grain cleaning machine for fractioning grain material, comprising a pneumatic system consisting of a diametrical fan, a first and second pneumatic separating channels with feeding devices, sedimentary chambers with devices for extracting selected impurities, a dust collector and adjusting dampers, and a sieve part consisting of an upper and lower sieve mills installed with the possibility of harmonic oscillatory movements, with sieve cleaning devices, and outlet trays fixed in the end part of the tiers of the sieves, characterized in that the upper sieve mill is made in two tiers, on the trays of the lower tier of the sieves of the upper sieve mill and the upper and lower tiers of the sieves of the lower sieve mill, rotary shutters are installed to divert the grain fractions when they are set to the "closed" position in the second pneumatic separating the pneumatic system channel, and when installing the rotary shutter of the lower tier trays of the sieves of the upper sieve mill and the lower tier of the sieves of the lower sieve mill in the "closed" position, the rotary shutter of the tray the upper tier of the sieves of the lower sieve mill is in the "open" position, to clear light impurities by air flow, a descent from the lower tier of the sieves of the upper sieve mill and a descent from the lower tier of the sieves of the lower sieve are sent to the second air separation channel. 3. Roller mill, comprising a drive and kinematically connected rollers, made with the possibility of displacement relative to each other in vertical and horizontal directions and installed with adjustable gaps, a feed hopper with a loading window and an adjustment flap, in which a feed roller with grooves is installed, cleaning knives mounted under the rollers, nozzles mounted on the guide plate, characterized in that between the feed hopper and the upper main roller is additionally mounted A rotating magnetic roller to remove magnetic impurities and a reflective plate located between the magnetic roller and the upper main roller.

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