SG83201A1 - Process for sulphiding a hydrotreating catalyst comprising an organic compound comprising n and carbonyl - Google Patents
Process for sulphiding a hydrotreating catalyst comprising an organic compound comprising n and carbonylInfo
- Publication number
- SG83201A1 SG83201A1 SG200001772A SG200001772A SG83201A1 SG 83201 A1 SG83201 A1 SG 83201A1 SG 200001772 A SG200001772 A SG 200001772A SG 200001772 A SG200001772 A SG 200001772A SG 83201 A1 SG83201 A1 SG 83201A1
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- hydrotreating catalyst
- organic compound
- hydrotreating
- carbonyl
- sulphiding
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0215—Sulfur-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0254—Nitrogen containing compounds on mineral substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/20—Sulfiding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/60—Complexes comprising metals of Group VI (VIA or VIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/64—Molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/847—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
- B01J31/2226—Anionic ligands, i.e. the overall ligand carries at least one formal negative charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
- Y10S502/51—Also containing hydroxyl bonded to carbon, e.g. carboxylic acid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S502/00—Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process of making
- Y10S502/506—Method of making inorganic composition utilizing organic compound, except formic, acetic, or oxalic acid or salt thereof
- Y10S502/509—Nitrogen containing organic compound
- Y10S502/511—Two or more nitrogen atoms bonded to different carbon atoms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12825699P | 1999-04-08 | 1999-04-08 | |
EP99201051 | 1999-04-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SG83201A1 true SG83201A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 |
Family
ID=26153293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG200001772A SG83201A1 (en) | 1999-04-08 | 2000-03-30 | Process for sulphiding a hydrotreating catalyst comprising an organic compound comprising n and carbonyl |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6540908B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1043069B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP4187383B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100653505B1 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE296163T1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60020292T2 (ko) |
SG (1) | SG83201A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (63)
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US6923904B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2005-08-02 | Akso Nobel N.V. | Process for effecting ultra-deep HDS of hydrocarbon feedstocks |
DK1202800T3 (da) | 1999-07-05 | 2005-10-10 | Albemarle Netherlands Bv | Regenererede additivbaserede katalysatorer |
US6872678B2 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2005-03-29 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for activating a catalyst containing an S-containing additive |
ES2362349T3 (es) * | 2000-07-12 | 2011-07-01 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Catalizador metálico mixto que comprende un aglutinante combustible. |
FR2841798B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-03-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'hydrotraitement contenant un compose organique azote et son utilisation |
JP2004344754A (ja) * | 2003-05-21 | 2004-12-09 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 炭化水素の水素化処理触媒組成物の製造方法 |
JP2005000873A (ja) * | 2003-06-13 | 2005-01-06 | Catalysts & Chem Ind Co Ltd | 炭化水素の水素化処理触媒組成物の製造方法 |
JP4370124B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-11-25 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 水素化処理触媒組成物 |
JP4907344B2 (ja) * | 2003-08-08 | 2012-03-28 | トータル・ラフィナージュ・マーケティング | 炭化水素の水素化処理および/または水素化分解のための触媒およびその調製 |
JP5057785B2 (ja) | 2004-01-20 | 2012-10-24 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 使用済み水素化処理触媒の触媒活性を回復する方法、得られる回復した触媒、および水素化処理方法 |
WO2005070543A1 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V | A method of restoring catalytic activity of a spent hydroprocessing catalyst, a spent hydroprocessing catalyst having restored catalytic activity, and a hydroprocessing process |
JP4444690B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-26 | 2010-03-31 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | 水素化処理触媒前駆体およびその製造方法並びに精製炭化水素油の製造方法 |
JP4472556B2 (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2010-06-02 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理触媒及びその製造方法並びに炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 |
CA2564346C (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2016-03-22 | Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc | Ebullated bed hydroprocessing methods and systems and methods of upgrading an existing ebullated bed system |
US10941353B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2021-03-09 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Methods and mixing systems for introducing catalyst precursor into heavy oil feedstock |
FR2880823B1 (fr) | 2005-01-20 | 2008-02-22 | Total France Sa | Catalyseur d'hydrotraitement, son procede de preparation et et son utilisation |
US7842635B2 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2010-11-30 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Hydrocarbon-soluble, bimetallic catalyst precursors and methods for making same |
US7670984B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2010-03-02 | Headwaters Technology Innovation, Llc | Hydrocarbon-soluble molybdenum catalyst precursors and methods for making same |
CN101088616B (zh) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-05-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢催化剂应用前的处理方法 |
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US7951745B2 (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2011-05-31 | Wilmington Trust Fsb | Catalyst for hydrocracking hydrocarbons containing polynuclear aromatic compounds |
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US9132421B2 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2015-09-15 | Shell Oil Company | Composition useful in the hydroprocessing of a hydrocarbon feedstock |
CN102029158B (zh) * | 2010-10-13 | 2012-08-22 | 北京化工大学 | 一种硫化型加氢催化剂材料及其制备方法 |
KR101816318B1 (ko) | 2010-12-09 | 2018-01-12 | 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 | 수소 처리 촉매 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN102188976A (zh) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-09-21 | 北京化工大学 | 一种镍系催化剂在裂解汽油选择性加氢中的工艺应用 |
US9156029B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2015-10-13 | Shell Oil Company | Composition having an active metal or precursor, an amine component and a non-amine containing polar additive useful in the catalytic hydroprocessing of hydrocarbons, a method of making such catalyst, and a process of using such catalyst |
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US9403153B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-08-02 | Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc | Highly stable hydrocarbon-soluble molybdenum catalyst precursors and methods for making same |
US9644157B2 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2017-05-09 | Headwaters Heavy Oil, Llc | Methods and systems for upgrading heavy oil using catalytic hydrocracking and thermal coking |
US9404053B2 (en) | 2013-04-11 | 2016-08-02 | Shell Oil Company | Low-pressure process utilizing a stacked-bed system of specific catalysts for the hydrotreating of a gas oil feedstock |
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WO2016064938A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2016-04-28 | Shell Oil Company | A hydroprocessing catalyst composition containing an acetoacetic acid compound, a method of making such a catalyst, and a process of using such catalyst catalyst |
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US11421164B2 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2022-08-23 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Dual catalyst system for ebullated bed upgrading to produce improved quality vacuum residue product |
FR3054554B1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 | 2018-07-27 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Catalyseur a base de 2-acetylbutyrolactone et/ou de ses produits d'hydrolyse et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
FR3035008B1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 | 2021-08-27 | Ifp Energies Now | Catalyseur a base d'un compose organique et son utilisation dans un procede d'hydrotraitement et/ou d'hydrocraquage |
FR3056597A1 (fr) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'hydrotraitement utilisant un catalyseur a base d'un metal du groupe viiib et un metal du groupe vib prepare en milieu fluide supercritique |
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US11732203B2 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2023-08-22 | Hydrocarbon Technology & Innovation, Llc | Ebullated bed reactor upgraded to produce sediment that causes less equipment fouling |
FR3065888B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2020-05-29 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'addition indirecte d'un compose organique a un solide poreux. |
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FR3074496B1 (fr) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-12-13 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Hydrotraitement de charges hydrocarbonees avec un catalyseur comprenant un materiau aluminique comprenant du carbone |
CN110038620B (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 制备加氢裂化催化剂的方法 |
CN110038621B (zh) * | 2018-01-16 | 2021-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 加氢裂化催化剂的生产方法 |
CA3057131C (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2024-04-23 | Hydrocarbon Technology And Innovation, Llc | Upgraded ebullated bed reactor with no recycle buildup of asphaltenes in vacuum bottoms |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0181035A2 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-14 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Preparation of high activity silica-supported hydrotreating catalysts and catalysts thus prepared |
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WO1995031280A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-23 | Cytec Technology Corp. | High activity catalysts |
WO1996041848A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-27 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Hydrotreating catalyst: composition, preparation, and use thereof |
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FR2642670B1 (fr) | 1989-02-07 | 1991-05-24 | Eurecat Europ Retrait Catalys | Procede de reduction d'un catalyseur de raffinage avant sa mise en oeuvr |
JP3244692B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-17 | 2002-01-07 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 炭化水素油の水素化処理用触媒の製造方法 |
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WO1995009049A2 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Uop | Hydroprocessing catalyst and its use |
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-
2000
- 2000-03-23 EP EP00201039A patent/EP1043069B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2000-03-23 AT AT00201039T patent/ATE296163T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-23 DE DE60020292T patent/DE60020292T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 SG SG200001772A patent/SG83201A1/en unknown
- 2000-03-31 US US09/540,402 patent/US6540908B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-06 KR KR1020000017830A patent/KR100653505B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-10 JP JP2000108575A patent/JP4187383B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0181035A2 (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-14 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Preparation of high activity silica-supported hydrotreating catalysts and catalysts thus prepared |
EP0482818A1 (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1992-04-29 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Method of preparing catalyst for hydrogenation of hydrocarbon oil |
WO1995031280A1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-23 | Cytec Technology Corp. | High activity catalysts |
WO1996041848A1 (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-27 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Company Limited | Hydrotreating catalyst: composition, preparation, and use thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60020292D1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
KR100653505B1 (ko) | 2006-12-04 |
US6540908B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
EP1043069A1 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
JP2000325797A (ja) | 2000-11-28 |
JP4187383B2 (ja) | 2008-11-26 |
ATE296163T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
EP1043069B1 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
DE60020292T2 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
KR20010014690A (ko) | 2001-02-26 |
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