SE468785B - DIETIC COMPOSITION CONTAINING SELENAL ALGUES AND UNSATURED FAT ACIDS, AND PROCEDURES FOR PREPARING THEREOF - Google Patents

Description

463 785 nom increase of the diet dose. Furthermore, steroids that are harmful from a dietary point of view, such as cholesterol and vitamin D (its precursor) and vitamin A, both of which are prone to be stored in the human organism, may also be among the non-hydrolyzable constituents.

The dietary effect of hcn-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and mainly in EPA and DHA in relation to their diverse physiological context is discussed in a large number of works [see e.g.

U. Barcelli: Thromb. Res. gg, 307 (1985), J.J. Jurkowski: JNCI lä, 11U5 (1985), A. Lembke: Milchwissenschaft EQ, 329 (1985)] ¶ It is also known that algae have been used since time immemorial. Thus, algae are mainly consumed by people in the Far East; they have been turned by humanity fi nutrition and food purposes. however, very recently used in tor¶ 'form in the form of tablets also by people in the developed countries.

Algae are carriers of very valuable nutrients because their dry part contains a high concentration of substances that are essential for a healthy life such as vitamins, proteins, complexes of proteins with microelements, saccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids and the like.

A general and detailed description of algae can be found in Sajic's book: "Properties and Products of Algae" (Edition Planum, New York, 1970).

The study of the biological effect of microelements and trace elements has been initiated in recent decades.

It has thus been established that selenium is one of the most important, essential substances for life. The beneficial effect of selenium lies mainly in the activation of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme, more specifically in the activation of the prosthetic group of the enzyme which is the most important endogenous inhibitor of the harmful peroxidation processes. Selenium is not stored in the human organism and must therefore be added continuously.

Hitherto, selenium has been added in the form of inorganic compounds, mainly such as selenium dioxide or sodium selenite.

Selenium itself has a hypotensive effect, improves the ischemic and hypoxic conditions as well as the infarct condition of the heart and inhibits ceroidal lipofuscinosis of the central nervous system; it also has a beneficial effect on periodontitis and has been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing 10 15 20 25 30 35 463 785 cancers; it is further believed to be a mutagenic inhibitor. A number of changes or diseases such as liver necrosis, myonecrosis, destruction of the erythrocyte membrane, interstitial lesions, ST elevation in ECG, kwashiorkor syndrome (protein malnutrition) and multiple sclerosis have been shown to be due to selenium deficiency.

An overview of the biological effects of selenium is published by Thressa et al. j fi utrition Review ââ, 7 (1977) /, R.I. Shamberger / Ü. of Env. Path. and Tox. ï, 305 (1980) j; and Masukawa et al. [Experientia âg, H05 (1983) /. The object of the present invention is to prepare a diet composition which eliminates the adverse biological effects caused by consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, gives the combination of the beneficial properties of EPA, DHA, algae and selenium and can, on the basis of its composition, counteract at least some unhealthy eating habits and poor eating habits.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the above-mentioned objects can be achieved completely by consuming food which contains a selenium-containing algae together with polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The present invention thus relates to dietary compositions which contain 0.5 to 50% by weight of selenium-containing algae and 99.5 to 50% by weight of C18-22 unsaturated fatty acids with at least two double bonds or their derivatives together with additives which are usually was used in the food industry and optionally with an antioxidant.

The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the above-mentioned diet composition, in which 0.5 to 50% by weight of selenium-containing algae and 99.5 to 50% by weight of C18-22 unsaturated fatty acids having at least two double bonds or their derivatives with additives commonly used in the food industry and optionally with an antioxidant.

The selenium-containing moose is prepared in the manner described in Hungarian patent application 575/88. various saltwater or freshwater fish 10 15 20 25 30 35 468 7š3 ~ 5 vessels, mainly oils from mackerel, cod, herring, sardines and squid as well as oils obtainable from the liver of these fish such as cod liver oil and shark liver oil.

As algae, mainly strains of Chlorella or Scenedesmus were used, which are not only useful for human consumption but also have their own beneficial biological effect.

The composition is sensitive to oxidation. It is therefore advisable to use a preservative, for example G-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione or a traditional antioxidant such as butylhydroxytoluene.

The homogenized composition may be included in digestive products, tablets, capsules and the like. In this context, "digestive product" means any useful product which can be administered orally or parenterally. The orally administered product may be included in a confectionery or sweet (for example, chocolate, cakes), meat or slaughterhouse products, spices, margarine, milk, butter or fat products, oils and the like.

The main advantages of the composition according to the invention can be summarized as follows. a) The individual components of the composition have in themselves important biological and digestive effects and combine the beneficial properties of EPA and DHA as well as selenium and algae. b) It eliminates the possibility of "ceroidal lipofuscinosis" which occurs when consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids. c) The use of a continuous diet is not required when consuming the composition according to the invention as it does not contain the harmful fish oil components discussed above (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamins A and D). d) Selenium occurs in natural form enriched in algae, i.e. such as a material of pure origin. e) It is useful in preventing apoplectic and thromboembolic conditions of the cardiovascular system, i.e. to inhibit the development of infarction and apoplexy and to prevent atopic or atopic disorders. The use of the composition is preferable to use even in developed conditions.

The composition of the invention is illustrated in detail by the following non-limiting examples. The preparation of the components used as base material is shown in Examples 1, 2 and 3 while the preparation of the compositions is described in the following examples.

Example 1 10 kg of sardine oil are added at a temperature of 50 to 6000 to a solution containing 2 kg of sodium hydroxide in 70 l of 95% ethanol. The mixture is heated to reflux under nitrogen for two hours and then cooled to 1000 with stirring. The precipitated crystalline sodium salt of the saturated fatty acid is filtered and washed with some ethanol. The ethanol filtrate is evaporated and then 20 l of boiled water are added to the residue.

The non-hydrolyzable compounds such as cholesterol are removed by extraction with 5 l of hexane. The extracted aqueous phase is acidified to pH 2 by adding dilute sulfuric acid and it is extracted again with 15 l of hexane. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give 3.2 kg of an oily concentrate having a DHA content of 36.8% and an EPA content of 31.8%. fish. Then full earth is mixed into the oily concentrate which is then heated at 10,500 under hydrogen for 10 minutes and filtered hot. addition to steam under a reduced pressure of 1.3 bar at 170oC This oil is brown and smells Odor removal is carried out by des- for 3 hours to obtain 1.6 kg of a light yellow, odorless and tasteless oil with practically unchanged composition.

Example 2 2% kg of cod liver oil is dissolved in 16 l of methanol at 60 DEG C., after which 8 kg of 40% sodium hydroxide solution are added dropwise to the solution at a temperature between 50 and 6000 with stirring. The mixture is stirred at 6000 for an additional H5 minutes. Then 20 kg of 15% hydrochloric acid are added to the solution at approx. 60OC. After separation of the phases, the organic layer is extracted with 10 kg of 15% hydrochloric acid and then washed with approx. 180 l tap water to neutrality. The phases are separated after which 100 l of acetone are added to the oily phase. The mixture is heated to approx. USOC, after which a solution containing 3.8 kg of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in 30 l of water is added 468 785. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture is allowed to stand overnight, after which it is filtered and the acetone filtrate is evaporated. The residue is acidified by adding 8 kg of 15% hydrochloric acid, extracted three times with hexane and then evaporated. The entire purification operation is performed under nitrogen. Thus 6.4 kg of purified fish oil are obtained with an iodine value of 258 and an acid number of 160.

One kg of the cod liver oil thus purified is added dropwise at 60 DEG C. to the solution of 3 kg of urea in 9 liters of methanol.

The mixture is stirred at the same temperature for two hours. After cooling, the mixture is allowed to stand in a freezer at -18 ° C overnight, after which it is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated. 2.5 L of hydrochloric acid (concentrated acid diluted 1: 1 with water) are added to the residue and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes. After extraction with hexane, the organic phase is washed with water until neutral, dried over anhydrous sulphate and evaporated to give 0.3H kg of w-3 fatty acids with an iodine value of 315, EPA content of 24 % and DHA content of 02%.

Example 3 8 l of Knop-Pringheim culture medium is filled into a glass bottle for algal culture with a volume of 10 l and added with H0 mg of sodium selenite. The system is sterilized at 121 ° C under an overpressure of 1 bar for 30 minutes. The sterile solution is inoculated with a pure algal culture of selenium-resistant Scenedesmus 0 obtisiusculus. Sterile air containing 5 volumes of carbon dioxide is bubbled at a temperature of 2500 through the culture medium under illumination with an electric discharge lamp operating at 4000 lux at a wavelength of 440 to 520 and 640 to 700 μm.

After a culture period of 1H days, the algae are separated from the culture medium. The algae mass thus obtained is decomposed by ultrasound and carefully dried at a temperature below 65 DEG C. to obtain 6 g of an algae powder having a selenium content of 1200 .mu.g / g.

Example U 100 g of selenium-containing algae (with a selenium concentration of 260 ug / g algae powder) is stirred with 150 g of enriched cod liver oil of 65% (contains 22% EPA and 43% DHA). the mixture is served by adding 0.2% by weight of vitamin E.

After homogenization, Example 5 Preparation of a diet margarine composition. 8 g of 65% cod liver oil (contains 22% EPA and 43% DHA) and 1 g of selenium-containing algae (with a selenium concentration of 260 ug / g algae powder) are mixed with 250 g of soft margarine, after which the mixture is homogenized.

Example 6 The procedure of Example 4 is followed except that the following amounts of starting material are used: 400 g of 65% enriched cod liver oil (contains 22% EPA and us% DHA>; 70.6 g of algal powder containing 1200 ng / g selenium; and 0.4 g of vitamin E.

The homogenate thus obtained is filled into soft gelatin capsules or soft gelatin droplets having a capacity of 500 mg and then enclosed in a blister-shaped package.

Example 7 Tablets having the following composition are prepared using known pharmaceutical devices and methods: Cod liver oil enriched with EPA and (DHA content: DHA containing 0.1% vitamin E 200 mg H3%; as preservative EPA content: 22 %) Selenium-containing algae 86 mg (Selenium concentration: 380 ug / g algae powder) Lactose 1H0 mg Starch 60 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone 3.5 mg Magnesium stearate 3.5 mg If desired, the tablets are coated with sugar in a sugar machine.

Claims (5)

468,785 Claims Dietary composition, characterized in that it contains 0.5 to 50% by weight of selenium-containing algae and 99.5 to 50% by weight of C18-22 unsaturated fatty acids having at least two double bonds, or their derivatives in admixture with additives which is commonly used in the food industry and optionally with an antioxidant. 2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains esters, alkaline earth metal salts or amine salts such as fatty acid derivatives. 3. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 5,8,11,1U, 17-eicosapentaenoic acid and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid as unsaturated fatty acids. 4. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains fatty acids obtained from saltwater fish oil such as unsaturated fatty acids. Process for the preparation of a dietary composition according to claim 1, characterized in that 0.5 to 50% by weight of selenium-containing algae and 99.5 to 50% by weight of C18-22 unsaturated fatty acids having at least two double bonds are mixed. , or their derivatives with additives commonly used in the food industry and optionally with an antioxidant.