FR2612373A1 - DIETETIC COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION - Google Patents

Abstract

THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A DIETARY COMPOSITION. THIS COMPOSITION IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT CONSISTS OF 0.5 TO 50 BY MASS OF ALGAE CONTAINING SELENIUM AS WELL AS 99.5 TO 50 BY MASS OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS CONTAINING AT LEAST TWO UNSATURATED BONDS OR DERIVATIVES OF THOSE -CI, IN MIXTURE WITH ADDITIVES COMMONLY USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY AND POSSIBLE AN ANTIOXIDANT.

Description

The present invention relates to dietary compositions. according to

  another aspect of the invention, there is provided a

  process for the preparation of these compositions.

  It is known that w-22 unsaturated fatty acids have advantageous biological properties. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHR) are remarkable among them. Dyerberg and coil. [The Lancet 15, 117 (1976)] emphasized the importance and the multiple effects

of both acids.

  The effects associated with the important role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly EPR and DHR in hyperlipidemia and thrombotic diseases, have been summarized by

  Goodnight et al. [Raceriosclerosis 2, 87 (1982)].

  The active components of fish oil, for example EPR and DHA, are precursors of the biosynthesis of the PG-3 series and simultaneously, they inhibit by competition harmful metabolites such as TXR2 and TXB2, from the so-called arachidonic acid cascade ', which is a chain of

  complicated biological processes starting from arachidonic acid.

  In addition to their many favorable effects, polyunsaturated fatty acids have a disadvantage in that they represent a possible source of very harmful malondialdehyde (MDR) resulting from radical peroxidation processes, which can induce the so-called 'ceroid lipofuscinosis' in the system. central nervous system. The use of EPR for dietary claims in the form of an inclusion complex of cyclodextrin has been

  described in French Patent Specification No. 2,550,445.

  narshall and coil. [Ram. J. Clin. Nutr. 38, 895 (1983)] have studied the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of alinoleic acid and prostaglandins, as well as in dietary food. In addition to EPR and DHA, fish oils contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids and low saturated fatty acids as well as non-hydrolysable components, the elimination of which is very important, since the triglycerides blood and calorie intake are significantly increased by increasing the dietary dose. In addition, steroids which are dietary, for example cholesterol, as well as vitamin D (its precursor) and vitamin R, both likely to accumulate in the human body, may also be present. from

non-hydrolyzable constituents.

  The dietary effects of e-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and especially EPR and DHA with respect to their many physiological relationships, are discussed in a large

  number of other articles [see for example U. Barcelli: Thromb.

  Res. 39, 307 (1985); J.J. Jurkowski: JNCI 74, 1145 (1985); R.

  Lembke: Milchwissenschaft 40, 329 (1985).

  It is also known that algae have been used by humankind for time immemorial for nutrition and nutrition purposes. Algae are therefore mainly consumed by the peoples of the Far East; in recent times, however, they are widely used in dry form or in the form of

  tablets also in developed countries.

  Algae are extremely valuable nutrient carriers because their dried form contains in high concentrations substances that are essential for a healthy life, such as vitamins, proteins, protein complexes with microelements, saccharides,

  polyunsaturated fatty acids and the like.

  General and detailed information concerning algae is described, for example, in Zajic's book: Properties and Products of Rlgae "(Pianum Edition, New York,

1970).

  This last decade, we began to study the biological effects of microelements and trace elements. It has been learned that selenium is one of the most important and indispensable substances in life. The beneficial action of selenium relies mainly on the activation of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, more specifically on the activation of the prosthetic group of the enzyme which is the most important endogenous inhibitor of the harmful processes of peroxidation. Selenium is not accumulated in the body, so it must be provided continuously. So far, selenium has been introduced into the body in the form of inorganic compounds, mainly

  of selenium dioxide or sodium selenite.

  Selenium in itself has a hypotensive effect, it improves the ischemic, hypoxic and infarcted states of the heart and it inhibits the central nervous system lipofuscinosis; moreover, it has a beneficial effect on periodontitis and has been shown to reduce the probability of the development of cancerous diseases; in addition, it is considered to be an agent that inhibits mutagenesis. Numerous changes or diseases, such as liver necrosis, myonecrosis, erythrocyte membrane destruction, interstitial lesions, elevated ECG, Kuashiorkor syndrome (undernourishment) have been demonstrated, respectively. protein) and multiple sclerosis, are induced by selenium deficiency. A report on the biological effects of selenium has been published by Thressa et al. [Hutrition Reuiew 35, 7 (1977)], Shamberger [J. of Env. Path. and Tox. 4, 305 (1980)], as well as by

  Masukava et al. [Experientia 39, 105 (1983)].

  The object of the present invention is to develop a new dietary composition which eliminates the disadvantageous biological effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, which combines the advantageous properties of DHR, EPR, algae and selenium, and is able, thanks to its composition to at least partially compensate for a way of life

  unhealthy and unhealthy eating habits.

  The invention is based on the finding that the above object can be perfectly achieved by a food composition which comprises an alga containing selenium with

large, unsaturated acids.

  The present invention therefore relates to a dietary composition, which comprises 0.5 to 50% by weight of algae containing selenium and 99.5 to 50% by weight of unsaturated C18-22 fatty acids containing at least two unsaturated bonds or derivatives thereof, with additives commonly used in

  the food industry and possibly an antioxidant.

  In addition, the invention relates to a process for preparing the above dietary composition, which comprises the mixture of 0.5% to 50% by weight of selenium-containing algae and 99.5% by weight of acids. unsaturated fatty acids containing at least two unsaturated bonds or derivatives thereof, with additives commonly used in the food industry and

Eventually an antioxidant.

  The alga containing selenium is prepared according to the procedure described in the Applicant's patent application filed at the same time as the present application and

  which corresponds to Hungarian Patent Application No. 575/88.

  W-3 unsaturated fatty acids as active components of the composition may be used as starting material, the oils obtained from various marine or freshwater fish, especially mackerel, cod, herring, sardine, squid, and oils from the liver of these fish, eg cod liver oil and liver oil

shark.

  The Chlorella or Scenedesmus strains are suitably used as algae that are not only useful for human consumption but also have their own action

biological advantage.

  The composition is sensitive to oxidation. It is therefore convenient to use an active preservative, for example, c-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione or an antioxidant

  traditional as butylhydroxytoluene.

  The homogenized composition can be included in

  food products, tablets, capsules and the like.

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  The term 'food product' encompasses all products here

  useful that can be administered orally or parenterally.

  The product administered orally may be contained in an article of the pastry or confectionery industry (eg chocolates, cakes), meat or meat industry compositions, spices, margarine, milk,

  butter or fatty products, oils and the like.

  The main advantages of the composition according to the present invention can be summarized as follows: a) The individual components of the composition in themselves have important biological and dietary effects and combine the preferable properties of EPA and DHRA as well as selenium

and seaweed.

  (b) The risk of occurrence of cerebral lipofuscinosis

  consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids is suppressed.

  c) The use of a continuous diet is not required by the consumption of the composition of the invention, since it does not contain the harmful components of fish oil described above (saturated fatty acids, cholesterol,

vitamins R and D).

  d) Selenium is present in a natural form enriched in algae, that is, as a naturally occurring material. e) The composition is useful for the preventive treatment of apoplexic and thromboembolic states of the cardiovascular system, thus to inhibit the development of infarction and stroke and to prevent atopic or atopically related disorders. The use of the composition is strongly

  preferred also in declared states.

  The invention is illustrated in detail by the following nonlimiting examples. The preparation of the components used as starting materials is shown in Examples 1, 2 and 3, while the preparation of the compositions is illustrated in

other examples.

Example 1

  kg of sardine oil are added at a temperature of 50 to 60 C to a solution containing 2 kg of sodium hydroxide in 70 liters of 95% ethanol. The mixture is refluxed under nitrogen for 2 hours and then cooled to 10 ° C with stirring. The crystalline sodium salt of the saturated fatty acid is filtered and washed with a little ethonol. The ethanolic filtrate is evaporated and then 20 liters of boiling water are added to the residue. Non-hydrolyzable compounds such as cholesterol are completely removed by extraction with 5 liters of hexane. The extracted aqueous phase is acidified to pH 2 by the addition of dilute sulfuric acid and again extracted with 15 liters of hexane. The organic phase is washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to give. 3.2 kg of oily concentrate with a DHA content of 36.8X and an EPA content of 31.8%. This oil is brown and smells like fish. The oily concentrate is thus mixed with fuller's earth, heated under nitrogen at 105 ° C. for minutes and filtered while hot. The deodorization is completed by steam distillation under vacuum at 170 ° C./1.3 bar for 3 hours, which gives 1.6 kg of an odorless, light yellow oil without

  flavor and composition virtually unchanged.

  EXAMPLE 2 24 kg of cod liver oil are dissolved in 16 liters of methanol at 60 ° C., then the solution is added dropwise with 8 kg of% OX sodium hydroxide solution, between 50 and 60 ° C. C with stirring. The mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. for an additional 45 minutes. 20 kg of 15% hydrochloric acid are then added to the solution at approximately 60 ° C. After separation of the phases, the organic phase is extracted with 10 kg of 15X hydrochloric acid and then washed with 180 liters of hot water. tap until neutral. The phases are separated, then 100 liters of acetone are added to the oily phase. The mixture is heated to approximately 45 ° C., then a solution of 3.8 kg of lithium hydroxide monohydrate in 30 liters of water is added. After 30

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  stirring minutes, the mixture is left to stand overnight, then filtered and the acetone filtrate is evaporated. The residue is acidified by the addition of 8 kg of 15% hydrochloric acid, extracted 3 times with hexane and evaporated. A nitrogen atmosphere is used throughout the purification process. 6.4 kg of purified fish oil with an iodine value of 258 and a total of

acid number of 160.

  One kg of the cod liver oil purified as described above is added dropwise at 60 ° C. to a solution containing 3 kg of urea in 9 liters of methanol. The mixture is stirred at the temperature for 2 hours. After cooling, it is left standing at -18 ° C overnight in a refrigerator, then filtered and the fitrat is evaporated. 2.5 liters of hydrochloric acid (concentrated acid diluted 1: 1 with water) are added to the residue and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes. Extracted with hexane, the hexane phase is washed with water until neutral, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated to give 0.34 kg of w-3 fatty acids.

  iodine value of 315, containing 24% EPR and 42% DHR.

Example 3

  mg of sodium selenite are added to 8 liters of Knop-Pringsheim culture medium introduced into a glass bottle of algae culture having a volume of 10 liters. The system is sterilized at 121 ° C. under an overpressure of 1 bar for 30 minutes. The sterile solution is cooled and inoculated with a pure algae culture of Scenedesmus obtisiusculus resistant to selenium. Sterile air containing 5% by volume of carbon dioxide is bubbled through the culture medium at 25 ° C, while the system is illuminated with an electric discharge tube working with 4000 lux at a wavelength. from 440 to 520 and from 640 to 700 pm. After a 14-day culture period, the algae is separated from the culture medium. The mass of algae thus obtained is decomposed by ultrasound and carefully dried at a temperature below 65 C to give 6 g of a seaweed powder having a

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selenium content of 1200 μg / g.

Example 4

  Selenium-containing algae (selenium content: 260 μg / g of seaweed powder) are stirred with 150 g of a 65% enriched cod liver oil (containing 22% EPR and 43% DHR). After homogenization, the mixture is preserved by addition of 0.2% by weight of vitamin E. EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of a food margarine composition Eight grams of 65% enriched cod liver oil (containing 22% EPR and 43% of DHR) and 1 g of selenium-containing alga (with a selenium concentration of 260 μg / g of seaweed powder) are mixed with 250 g of soft margarine, and then the mixture

is homogenized.

Example 6

  The process described in Example 4 is followed except that the following amounts of starting materials are used: 400 g of 65% enriched cod liver oil (containing 22% EPA and 43% DHR); 6 g of seaweed powder containing 1200 μg / g of selenium; and 0.1 g of vitamin E. The homogenot thus obtained is introduced into soft gelatin capsules or capsules of soft gelatin beads having a capacity of 500 mg and then included in a cell-type package.

Example 7

  Tablets having the following composition are prepared with known pharmaceutical devices and methods: EPR and DHR-enriched cod liver oil containing 0.1% vitamin E as a preservative (43% DHR and 22% d EPR) 200 mg Rlgue containing selenium (concentration of selenium: 380 μg / g of seaweed powder 86 mg Lactose 140 mg Starch 60 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone 3.5 mg Magnesium stearate 3.5 mg The tablets are optionally coated with sugar in a suitable machine,

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REUEHDICRTIOMS

  1. Dietary composition, characterized in that it comprises 0.5 to 50% by weight of algae containing selenium and 99.5 to 50% by weight of unsaturated C18-22 fatty acids containing at least two bonds Unsaturated or derivatives thereof, in admixture with additives commonly used in industry

  food and possibly an antioxidant.

  2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises esters, alkaline earth metal salts

  or amine salts as fatty acid derivatives.

  3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the acid, 6,11,11,17-elcosapentaenoic and the acid 4,7,10, 13,16,19-

  docosahexaenoic as unsaturated fatty acids.

  4. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises fatty acids obtained from coconut oil.

  sea fish as unsaturated fatty acids.

  5. Process for the preparation of a food composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the mixture of 0.5 to 50% by weight of algae containing selenium and 99.5 to 50X by weight of unsaturated C18-22 fatty acids containing at least two unsaturated bonds or derivatives thereof, with additives commonly used in

  the food industry and possibly an antioxidant.