SA04250020B1 - عملية لتحضير كريات دقيقة حفازة catalyst microspheres - Google Patents
عملية لتحضير كريات دقيقة حفازة catalyst microspheres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SA04250020B1 SA04250020B1 SA4250020A SA04250020A SA04250020B1 SA 04250020 B1 SA04250020 B1 SA 04250020B1 SA 4250020 A SA4250020 A SA 4250020A SA 04250020 A SA04250020 A SA 04250020A SA 04250020 B1 SA04250020 B1 SA 04250020B1
- Authority
- SA
- Saudi Arabia
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- components
- particles
- catalytic
- liquid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0063—Granulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/084—Y-type faujasite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02080617 | 2002-12-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SA04250020B1 true SA04250020B1 (ar) | 2008-06-09 |
Family
ID=32524067
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SA4250020A SA04250020B1 (ar) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-03-03 | عملية لتحضير كريات دقيقة حفازة catalyst microspheres |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1572361A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2006510474A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20050085754A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1326618C (ko) |
AU (1) | AU2003294844A1 (ko) |
BR (1) | BR0317345A (ko) |
CA (1) | CA2510258A1 (ko) |
SA (1) | SA04250020B1 (ko) |
TW (1) | TW200502039A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2004054713A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101115560B (zh) * | 2004-12-21 | 2012-09-19 | 雅宝荷兰有限责任公司 | 耐磨催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
JP4859774B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-17 | 2012-01-25 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 流動接触分解触媒の製造方法 |
EP2981603A1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2016-02-10 | D'Alcante B.V. | Improved process for reducing the alcohol and/or sugar content of a beverage |
CN103736489B (zh) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-10-28 | 天津众智科技有限公司 | 丁烯氧化脱氢制备丁二烯流化床催化剂的制备方法 |
GB201504072D0 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-04-22 | Metalysis Ltd | Method of producing metal |
IL292545B1 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2024-09-01 | Blue Tree Tech Ltd | Methods and systems for producing low sugar drinks |
WO2020012351A1 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-01-16 | Reliance Industries Limited | Regenerative adsorbent composition for removal of chlorides from hydrocarbon and a process for its preparation |
CN116212937B (zh) * | 2023-03-06 | 2024-09-13 | 青岛惠城环保科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种多产柴油催化裂化催化剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0163836B1 (de) * | 1984-04-07 | 1988-10-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Granulaten |
US4737478A (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-04-12 | Chevron Research Company | Process for the manufacture of spheroidal bodies by selective agglomeration |
US5001096A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-03-19 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Metal passivating agents |
CA1329580C (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1994-05-17 | Pochen Chu | Catalytic cracking catalysts for metals laden feeds |
US5286370A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1994-02-15 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic cracking using a layered cracking catalyst |
US5254516A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-10-19 | Research Triangle Institute | Fluidizable zinc titanate materials with high chemical reactivity and attrition resistance |
JP4266406B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-11 | 2009-05-20 | 日本ケッチェン株式会社 | 粒状触媒用担体及びこの担体を用いた触媒及び該触媒による炭化水素油の水素化処理方法 |
CN1291918C (zh) * | 2001-02-09 | 2006-12-27 | 阿克佐诺贝尔股份有限公司 | 就地形成的含有阴离子粘土的成型体的制备方法 |
EP1264635A1 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-11 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of catalysts with improved accessibility |
-
2003
- 2003-12-09 KR KR1020057011307A patent/KR20050085754A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-09 WO PCT/EP2003/014169 patent/WO2004054713A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-12-09 AU AU2003294844A patent/AU2003294844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-09 CA CA002510258A patent/CA2510258A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-09 JP JP2004560394A patent/JP2006510474A/ja active Pending
- 2003-12-09 CN CNB2003801065323A patent/CN1326618C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-09 EP EP03785808A patent/EP1572361A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-09 BR BR0317345-3A patent/BR0317345A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-17 TW TW092135811A patent/TW200502039A/zh unknown
-
2004
- 2004-03-03 SA SA4250020A patent/SA04250020B1/ar unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200502039A (en) | 2005-01-16 |
BR0317345A (pt) | 2005-11-08 |
CN1726083A (zh) | 2006-01-25 |
CA2510258A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
EP1572361A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
JP2006510474A (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
KR20050085754A (ko) | 2005-08-29 |
CN1326618C (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
WO2004054713A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
AU2003294844A1 (en) | 2004-07-09 |
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