RU85987U1 - UNIVERSAL HEATING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A universal heating device comprising a housing formed by a front wall with a door for loading fuel, side, top and rear walls, a hearth, a chimney, a grate, an ash pan, a flue chamber, a firebox with a vault made in the form of a partition and having a hatch located along side walls and heat exchange tubes intersecting above the arch with open ends communicated with the environment, and these tubes are staggered on the hearth, characterized in that the partition wall is made with per with a bend in the center, gas-guiding brushes are additionally installed with the formation of an obtuse angle in the direction of the chimney, having one hatch and fixed along the inflection line of the vault partition with the help of additional injected nozzles and with the formation of two gas ducts between the vault partition and shields, and a second one is additionally installed in the partition wall a hatch, while both hatches of the partition walls are located on the side of the rear wall and closer to the side walls, and the hatches of the gas guards are located on the side of the front wall and closer to the center, in the firebox parallel to the side walls to the partition wall the oven is fixed with a fan and with removable heat shields, a fan is installed in the chimney, mechanically connected to the oven fan, a coil made in the form of a coil in the firebox and having open and communicated with the environment pipe-heat exchanger ends, a tank for heating water is installed on the upper wall, convective panels are installed along the side and back walls. ! 2. Universal heating device according to claim 1, �

Description

The utility model relates to devices for combined, mainly air, heating of premises for various purposes and can be used in everyday life, in construction, in agriculture and for the equipment of stationary and mobile bathhouses using all types of solid fuel.

Known air-heating device for solid fuel (patent EP No. 0231424, publ. 07/30/1987) containing a cylindrical combustion chamber, the housing of which is surrounded by tubular arcs located one after another with the same overlap. The upper and lower ends of convective tubular arcs are open in directions parallel to the horizontal plane. In the front end wall of the combustion chamber there is a door for loading fuel, and in the upper zone of its rear end wall there is a vault for flue gases. The upper zone in front of the rear end wall is fenced off by a sheet into which secondary heated air is supplied from the front end wall through the combustion chamber through the supply pipe.

The disadvantages of this heating device are:

- narrow functional purpose;

- the location of convective pipes in a checkerboard pattern near the surface of the housing provides no more than 25% of the possible heat transfer area;

- high complexity due to the low-tech design of the housing and the relatively large number of welding operations.

Known convection oven (US Pat. RF No. 2097660, publ. 30.08.1995), which contains a housing with a top plate, a front wall with a door for loading fuel, rear and side walls with vertically arranged channels, a horizontal movable partition having a handle for moving it . Under the movable partition, the internal direct air ducts are installed obliquely in a checkerboard pattern, connected at one end to the corresponding external air ducts of the side walls and brought out by the other end to the opposite side of the furnace above the openings of the external air ducts. The bottom is made with an inclination towards the front wall and is provided with air ducts connected to the air duct channels of the rear wall. Thus, the combined use of external vertically located and internal inclined, 100% located in the firebox area, convective air ducts increases the heat transfer efficiency and expands the scope.

The disadvantages of this convection oven are:

- direct, without compensation for thermal expansion, internal air ducts, hermetically welded to the body, which reduces the reliability of welds at temperature extremes;

- insufficiently high efficiency due to the practical absence of smoke circulation and the location of the combustion focus mainly in the front of the firebox in the main mode, when the movable partition is in the extreme rear position;

- clogging with ash of the lower part of the firebox due to the absence of a grate and ash pan, which eliminates the use of pallet air ducts from heat exchange and complicates the daily operation of the device.

Known furnace with air heat exchangers - "registers" design V. Kondratyev (Baths and saunas. Construction and equipment. - Auth. / Comp. BCLevadny - M .: Adelant, 2004, pp. 195-199, Fig. 119), containing firebox housing with internal tubular, located along the side walls, hermetically fixed in the openings of the lid and bottom of the air registers. On the lid there is a container for heat storage loading with a chimney knee device. The furnace body has an outer lining, lined with bricks. The hot water tank is structurally remote with heating due to a tubular heat exchanger mounted in the upper part of the furnace firebox. The stove is quite simple, but is used only for baths and saunas, and also has the following disadvantages:

- constructive orientation on the manufacture of individual copies;

- insufficiently high efficiency due to the small utilization of flue gases.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed universal heating device is a heating device (US Pat. - RF №2134844, publ. 12.02.1998), comprising a housing comprising a front wall with a door for loading fuel, rear and side walls, a lid, a chimney and placed inside the firebox. The door for loading fuel has a pipe with adjustable air supply to the firebox. The rear wall has an adjustable flue pipe. Inside the case along the side walls there are intersecting under the cover and staggered in the holes on the lower horizontal surface and in the holes on the opposite side walls with heat exchanging pipes with open ends in communication with the surrounding air. Under the intersecting heat-exchange pipes there is a firebox arch made in the form of a horizontal partition containing a hatch and separating the flue chamber from the firebox. The roof hatch is located on the back wall side and is equipped with an open end box placed above it and forming an additional cavity chamber for the combustion of flue gases, which is in communication with both the firebox and the flue chamber. At the entrance to the flue gas afterburner, air ducts are placed that allow air to enter the cavity of the duct box from the environment. Thus, the prototype heating device is the most effective of all considered for the use of convective pipes and the use of the internal space of the body for burning fuel and utilizing flue gases, however it has disadvantages:

- narrow functional use aimed at domestic use with air heating;

- the difficulty of adjusting the supply of secondary air to the cavity of the afterburner due to the selection of interchangeable washers with different internal diameters;

- insufficiently high efficiency due to the uneven distribution of temperature in the combustion chamber when air is supplied to the firebox through the pipe in the door, and also because of the flat roof and the roof hatch located on the back wall side, which reduces the heating efficiency of convection pipes.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed utility model, is to increase efficiency, expand functionality, simplify furnace operation, increase fire safety of the furnace.

To achieve the specified technical result in a universal heating device containing a housing formed by a front wall with a door for loading fuel, side, top and rear walls, a hearth, a chimney, a grate, an ash pan, a flue chamber, a firebox made in the form of a partition and having a hatch vaults located along the side walls and intersecting above the vault with heat exchange tubes with open ends in communication with the environment, and these tubes are staggered on the hearth, per the arch town is made with a bend in the center with the formation of a conical shape, additionally installed with the formation of an obtuse angle in the direction of the chimney, gas guards having one hatch and fixed along the bend line of the arch partition using additionally introduced nozzles and with the formation of two ducts between the arch partition and the shields moreover, a second hatch is additionally installed in the vault partition, while both vault partitions are located on the side of the rear wall and closer to the side walls, and gas hatches guide shields are located on the side of the front wall and closer to the center, in the firebox parallel to the side walls an oven with a fan and removable heat shields is attached to the partition wall, a fan is installed in the chimney, mechanically connected to the oven fan, a coil made in the form of a coil in the firebox under the oven and having open ends and communicating with the environment ends, a heat exchanger pipe, a tank for heating water is installed on the upper wall, convectors are installed along the side and rear walls ivnye panel. In addition, the flue chamber has a conical shape, the front wall of the housing is equipped with a refractory glass observation window located in its upper part, removable heat screens of the oven are located on the front and rear walls of the device, convection panels are installed with a gap and have openings opposite the open ends of the heat transfer pipes and a heat exchanger pipe, a water tank is made with an opening through which a chimney passes, an ash pan is made retractable.

Distinctive features of the proposed universal heating device from the above known, closest to it, are the following:

- the partition wall is made with an inflection in the center with the formation of a conical shape, which increases the area of heat transfer,

- additionally installed with the formation of an obtuse angle in the direction of the chimney gas guards,

- gas guards are fixed along the line of inflection of the partition walls with the help of additionally introduced nozzles,

- two ducts are formed between the partition wall and the shields, which allows more fully use the heat of the flue gases, because there is an extension of the path of the flue gases, and, therefore, helps to increase the efficiency of the device,

- gas ducts have one hatch,

- in the partition of the vault additionally installed a second hatch,

- both hatches of the partition walls are located on the side of the rear wall and closer to the side walls, and hatches of gas guards are located on the side of the front wall and closer to the center, this lengthens the path of the flue gases, which contributes to a more complete heat transfer and increase the efficiency of the device,

- in the firebox along the side walls, an oven with a fan and with removable heat shields is attached to the partition of the arch, which extends the functionality of the furnace,

- a fan is installed in the chimney,

- the chimney fan is mechanically connected to the oven fan, while under the influence of hot gases rising up the chimney, it rotates, and with it the fan in the oven starts to rotate, which allows for uniform heating of the air as in the oven itself, when the oven’s removable heat shields not removed, and regulate the heating of the air in the room when the removable heat screens of the oven are removed,

- in the firebox under the oven is installed made in the form of a coil and having open and communicated with the environment ends of the pipe-heat exchanger, which additionally allows faster heating of the room,

- a tank for heating water is installed on the upper wall, which increases the functionality of the furnace,

- convective panels are installed along the side and rear walls with a gap, having openings opposite the open ends of the heat exchanger pipes and the heat exchanger pipe, the panels prevent heat injuries. Air supply adjustment is carried out by extending the ash pan, which greatly simplifies the operation of the furnace.

The proposed universal heating device is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1, 2.

Figure 1 presents a longitudinal section of the device, figure 2 is a transverse section aa from figure 1.

The universal heating device comprises a housing (not indicated). The housing is formed by a front wall 1 with a door 2 for loading fuel, side walls 3, a rear wall 4, an upper wall 5, a hearth 6 (FIGS. 1, 2). The device has a retractable ash pan 7, a grate 8, a chimney 9. A fan 10 is installed in the chimney 9. Convection panels 11 are installed along the side walls 3 and the rear wall 4 with a gap 11. A container 12 for heating water (or stones) is installed on the upper wall 5. The tank 12 for heating water is made with an opening (not indicated) through which the chimney 9 passes. Inside the body there is a partition 13 of the vault 14 (Fig. 2). The partition 13 is made with an inflection in the center, so the arch 14 has a conical shape. Under the arch 14 is a firebox 15. Above the arch 14 there are two gas guards 16 (figure 2). Gas guards 16 are installed with the formation of an obtuse angle (not indicated) in the direction of the chimney 9. Gas guards 16 are fixed along the bend line of the partition 13 of the vault 14 with the help of nozzles 17. Two gas ducts 18 are formed between the partition 13 of the vault 14 and the gas guides 16 (Fig. 2 ) Above the gas guides 16 there is a gas chamber 19. In the firebox 15, an oven 20 is attached to the partition 13 of the roof 14 parallel to the side walls 3. The oven 20 has two removable heat shields 21, 22 (Fig. 1). The heat shield 21 is located on the front wall 1, the heat shield 22 is located on the rear wall 4 of the device body (Fig. 1). A fan 23 is installed in the oven 20. The fan 23 of the oven 20 is mechanically connected to the fan 10 of the chimney 9. In the firebox 15, under the oven 20, a heat exchanger pipe 24 is installed (Figs. 1, 2). The heat exchanger pipe 24 is made in the form of a coil and is designed for additional rapid heating of air in the room. The heat exchanger pipe 24 has open ends 25, 26 (Fig. 1). The open ends 25, 26 are in communication with the external environment. The open end 25 is located at the bottom of the hearth 6. The open end 26 is located directly under the oven 20. Along the side walls 3 are located heat transfer tubes 27 (figure 2). Heat transfer pipes 27 have open ends 28, 29, namely: 28 - open ends located at the top of the device, 29 - open ends located at the bottom of the device. The open ends 28, 29 are in communication with the environment. Above the partition 13 of the vault 14, the heat exchange tubes 27 intersect. Heat transfer pipes 27 are fixed to the hearth 6 in a checkerboard pattern. In convective panels 11 holes are made (not indicated) opposite the open ends 28 and 25, 26 (Figs. 1, 2). The partition 13 of the vault 14 has two hatches 30 (figure 1). The hatches 30 are located on the side of the rear wall 4 and closer to the sides 3. Each gas guide plate 16 has one hatch 31. The hatches 31 are located on the side of the front wall 1 and closer to the center. Hatches 30 and hatches 31 are located at the maximum possible distance from each other, which lengthens the path of the flue gases and contributes to a more complete heat transfer. The front wall 1 in the upper part is equipped with an observation window 32 (figure 1). The observation window 32 is made of refractory glass and can be opened.

The operation of a universal heating device is as follows.

Open the door 2 in the front wall 1 and put on the grate 8 fuel, for example firewood, and set it on fire. The draft adjustment to optimize the combustion process is carried out by extending the ash pan 7. The hot flue gases wash the heat exchange pipes 27, the heat exchanger pipe 24, the side and bottom surfaces of the oven 20 and the arch 14 of the firebox 15 and give off some of their heat. Next, the flue gases through the hatches 30 of the partition 13 of the vault 14 enter the gas ducts 18, where during the turbulization they give up another part of the heat and through the hatches 31 of the gas guide plates 16 enter the gas duct 19. In the gas duct 19, the gas velocity slows down, because the gas passage 19 has a conical shape, i.e. is broad. This increases the heat exchange time between the elements of the device and the gases washing them. In addition, in the gas passage 19, oxidation of the flue gases additionally occurs when secondary air enters through the nozzles 17 from the oven 20, which significantly increases the efficiency of the device. In the event of a lack of primary air entering through the ash pan 7, the so-called saving mode, the fuel begins to smolder. The combustible flue gases emitted in this case rise upward and enter through the hatches 30, 31 to the chimney 9, along the way they are oxidized in the chamber 19 under the influence of secondary air, which enters through the nozzles 17 from the oven 20. In addition, heat is additionally generated. The kinetic energy of the flue gases in the chimney 9 drives the fan 10. The fan 10, in turn, drives the fan 23 of the oven 20. This helps to equalize the temperature in the oven 20 itself when the removable heat shields 21, 22 are closed. In the case when the removable heat shields 21, 22 are removed from the oven 20, this leads to an acceleration of heat exchange with the room.

During operation of the device, cold air from the room enters through the lower open ends 29 into the heat exchange tubes 27 and, when heated, enters through the upper open ends 28 into the room. Similarly, the air is heated passing through the heat exchanger pipe 24: cold air flows from the room to the open end 25, and the heated air leaves the open end 26. All this significantly speeds up the process of heating the room, while the heat of the flue gases is much more fully used, and this allows save fuel. Water is poured into the container 12 on the upper wall 5 before the kindling (you can also load the heat-accumulating load - stones), which is heated during the operation of the device and used for its intended purpose. This significantly increases the functionality of the device.

Window 32 provides the ability to monitor the operation of the device, detect potential places of soot accumulation and, if necessary, clean, as well as ventilation of the room. Convective panels 11 protect against the heated walls of the device, which reduces the risk of thermal burns. At the same time, the holes (not indicated) in the convection panels 11 opposite the open ends 28 and 25, 26 ensure the entry of heated air from the heat exchange tubes 27 and the heat exchanger pipe 24 into the room.

The claimed utility model is quite simple to operate, manufacture and reliable, and its functionality has been expanded, while the efficiency of the device is quite high, which ensures fast heating of the room and economical fuel consumption by regulating fuel combustion modes.

Claims (7)

1. A universal heating device comprising a housing formed by a front wall with a door for loading fuel, side, top and rear walls, a hearth, a chimney, a grate, an ash pan, a flue chamber, a firebox with a vault made in the form of a partition and having a hatch located along side walls and heat exchange tubes intersecting above the arch with open ends communicated with the environment, and these tubes are staggered on the hearth, characterized in that the partition wall is made with per with a bend in the center, gas guide brushes are additionally installed with the formation of an obtuse angle in the direction of the chimney, having one hatch and fixed along the bend line of the vault of the vault with the help of additional injected nozzles and with the formation of two gas ducts between the vault of the vault and the shields, and a second one is additionally installed in the vault a hatch, while both hatches of the partition walls are located on the side of the rear wall and closer to the side walls, and the hatches of the gas guards are located on the side of the front wall and closer to the center, in the firebox parallel to the side walls to the partition wall the oven is fixed with a fan and with removable heat shields, a fan is installed in the chimney, mechanically connected to the oven fan, a coil made in the form of a coil in the firebox and having open and communicated with the environment pipe-heat exchanger ends, a tank for heating water is installed on the upper wall, convective panels are installed along the side and back walls. 2. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue chamber is expansion. 3. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall of the housing is provided with an opening observation window made of refractory glass located in its upper part. 4. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the removable heat screens of the oven are located on the front and rear walls. 5. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the convective panels are installed with a gap and have openings opposite the open ends of the heat exchange pipes and the heat exchanger pipe. 6. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water tank is made with an opening through which the chimney passes. 7. The universal heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ash pan is made retractable.