RU2453771C1 - Device to increase heat emission of furnace gas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device to increase heat emission of furnace gas installed mainly into a domestic furnace between an upper cover of the furnace and its combustion chamber, comprises a screen, preferably the shaped one, where there are windows in the form of slots, preferably in its peripheral zone. The specified windows connect the cavity of the combustion chamber of the furnace with the cavity limited with the upper cover of the furnace, its side walls and the specified screen with the help of horizontally aligned channels, which open into the specified cavity towards each other. There is a swirler installed between the output parts of the channels, and the specified cavity is connected to the stack cavity, the horizontally aligned channels are formed by walls of the furnace and vertically arranged partitions on the screen, the screen is shaped in the form of "V" with arrangement of a shaped rib approximately along the axial vertical line of the furnace.

EFFECT: higher heat emission of furnace gas, more complete burning of fuel, increased duration of furnace operation with unchanged fuel consumption.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating furnaces and can be used in the development of furnaces and heating devices for cooking and heating.

Known incinerator sectional structure containing a direct closed pipe with holes located along its length, which is designed to supply air to the furnace. The air supply pipe is inserted into the furnace through an opening made in the upper part of the furnace. Air is supplied to the pipe by a fan. Air flows through the openings of the pipe and is involved in the intensive combustion of fuel, in this case, garbage (patent EP 0636840 A1, IPC: F24B 1/00, 5/00).

This method of supplying and distributing air in the combustion chamber and the combustion device are suitable for safe and intensive burning of garbage, but are not effective for long-term economical combustion of fuel.

Known firebox for burning granular solid fuels and heating indoor air. The furnace consists of a combustion chamber, in its center an inserted air supply pipe and a screw device. Air is supplied to the combustion chamber using a fan from above, and granular fuel is loaded from below from a screw device (US patent 4782765, IPC: F24B 1/00, 5/00).

The design of such a firebox is complex and not suitable for burning wood.

A known method of supplying and distributing air in the combustion chamber, when air is supplied to the combustion chamber from above through the pipe, the pipe ends with an air distributor based on fuel and with the pipe dropping down when the amount of fuel in the combustion chamber decreases, and the air in the combustion chamber distributed as follows: 40-60% are supplied to the combustion center; 10-30% are fed to the edges of the combustion zone; above the combustion site - 20-40%.

To implement this method, a heating boiler is proposed that contains a combustion chamber, in the double wall of which a container filled with water is formed with a smoke outlet, fuel loading and ash removal holes, water inlet and outlet pipes, the combustion chamber is mounted vertically and made in the form round or polygonal cylinder, in the upper part of which a hole is made into which a freely moving up and down air supply pipe is inserted, ending with an air distributor, I lean available for fuel, while the air distributor is made in the form of a hollow disk, in the upper part of which there is a tip for connecting to the air supply pipe, and in the lower part - the head, while in the peripheral part of the disk, at the narrow end of the head and on the side surface of the head and also in the tip holes are made that communicate with the internal cavity of the air distributor (Patent EP 005303, application No. 200301136 of 04/19/01, IPC: F24B 1/00, 5/00).

The disadvantages of this method and device is that on the pipe supplying air to the combustion zone, it is necessary to install an air distributor and move it during the combustion process. This leads to a complication of the design of the combustion chamber and the deterioration of the conditions of its operation, due to the fact that part of the fuel under the distributor is practically not involved in the combustion process. In addition, it is necessary to accurately distribute the air flow, which also leads to a complication of the design of the furnace and more difficult conditions for its maintenance and operation.

A well-known solid fuel furnace, containing a combustion chamber with a visor in its upper part, which is adjacent to the side and rear walls and divides the combustion chamber into upper and lower parts, a door with a glazed window on the front wall of the combustion chamber to load fuel, lower and slit upper supply air for blowing the glass of the window of the door with a flat air flow and forming inside the combustion chamber of the afterburning area of the combustion products of fuel and a pipe for the removal of combustion products located in the upper rear combustion chambers.

The air for primary combustion of solid fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber both from the side of the rear wall of the furnace and from the side of the lower part of the front wall of the combustion chamber using dampers controlled from the front of the furnace. The afterburning (secondary combustion) of unburned fuel particles is carried out by supplying two air streams to the combustion chamber, one of which (cold) is controlled by a damper, and the second is uncontrollable warm, after blowing the glass of the door, it enters the front of the combustion chamber into the afterburning area of unburned solid fuel products. The walls of the combustion chamber are lined with brickwork and placed inside a metal casing. Between the walls of the combustion chamber and the casing there is a space through which air is drawn from the lower part of the heated room to cool the furnace casing (patent US 4766876 A, F24B 5/02, 08/30/1988).

The disadvantage of this furnace is that when the composition of the solid fuel is changed, a high efficiency of the furnace is not provided. This is explained by the fact that not all chemical energy of solid fuels (of different composition) can completely turn into thermal energy without regulating the necessary amount of hot air for afterburning unburned particles of this type of solid fuel. Not completely burnt solid fuel residues, flying out of the furnace pipe, reduce its efficiency and worsen the environment. In addition, another disadvantage of the prototype is the brick lining of the walls of the furnace, which reduces its mobility for heating summer and temporary buildings.

A universal heating device is known, comprising a housing formed by a front wall with a door for loading fuel, side, top and rear walls, a hearth, a chimney, a grate, an ash pan, a flue chamber, a firebox with a vault made in the form of a partition and having a hatch located along the side walls and heat exchanging pipes intersecting above the arch with open ends communicated with the environment, and these pipes are staggered to the hearth, while the arch partition is made with a fold m in the center, additionally installed with the formation of an obtuse angle in the direction of the chimney, gas guide brushes having one hatch and fixed along the inflection line of the vault partition with the help of additionally introduced nozzles and with the formation of two gas ducts between the vault partition and shields, and a second one is additionally installed in the partition wall a hatch, while both roof hatches of the vault are located on the side of the rear wall and closer to the side walls, and the hatches of the gas guards are located on the side of the front wall and closer an oven with a fan and removable heat shields is fixed to the center, in the firebox parallel to the side walls to the partition wall, in the chimney there is a fan mechanically connected to the oven fan, a coil made in the form of a coil in the firebox and having ends open and in communication with the environment a heat exchanger pipe, a tank for heating water is installed on the upper wall, convective panels are installed along the side and back walls (utility model RU 85987 U1, F24B 5/00, 08/20/2009 - prototype).

The proposed device operates as follows.

Open the door in the front wall and put fuel, such as firewood, on the grate, and set it on fire. Traction adjustment in order to optimize the combustion process is carried out by extending the ash pan by the required amount. Hot flue gases wash the heat exchanger pipes, the heat exchanger pipe, the side and bottom surfaces of the oven and the arch of the firebox and give up some of their heat. Further, the flue gases through the hatches of the partition walls of the arch enter the gas ducts, where during turbulization they give up another part of the heat and through the hatches of the gas guide plates enter the gas duct. In the flue chamber, the gas velocity slows down, because the gas duct has a conical shape, i.e. is broad. This increases the heat exchange time between the elements of the device and the gases washing them. In addition, in the flue chamber, the oxidation of the flue gases additionally occurs when secondary air enters through the nozzles from the oven. If there is a lack of primary air entering through the ash pan, the so-called saving mode, the fuel begins to smolder. The combustible flue gases emitted in this case rise upward and enter through the hatches to the chimney, along the way they are oxidized in the chamber under the influence of secondary air, which enters through the nozzles from the oven. This additionally generates heat. The kinetic energy of the flue gases in the chimney causes the fan to rotate. The fan in turn drives the oven fan. This helps to equalize the temperature in the oven itself when the removable heat shields are closed. In the case when the removable heat shields are removed from the oven, this leads to an acceleration of heat exchange with the room.

During operation of the device, cold air from the room enters through the lower open ends to the heat transfer pipes and, when heated, enters through the upper open ends to the room. Similarly, air is heated through a heat exchanger pipe: cold air flows from the room to the open end, and heated air leaves the open end.

The main disadvantages of this furnace is the significant complexity of the design and organization of the working process, the insufficiently high completeness of heat transfer of the exhaust gases of the furnace gases.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and create a device to increase the heat transfer of furnace gases, the design of which will increase the completeness of fuel combustion, heat transfer and significantly increase the operating time of the furnace at a constant fuel consumption.

This problem is solved in that the proposed device for increasing the heat transfer of furnace gases, installed mainly in a domestic oven between the top cover of the furnace and its combustion chamber, according to the invention comprises a screen, mainly profiled, in which windows are made in the form of grooves, mainly in its peripheral zone, connecting the cavity of the combustion chamber of the furnace with the cavity bounded by the upper cover of the furnace, its side walls and the specified screen, using horizontally oriented channels, and mentioning utye channels open into said cavity towards each other, the portions between the output channels set swirler and said cavity is connected with the cavity of the chimney.

To optimize the design and improve the mixing conditions of the combustion products, horizontally oriented channels are formed by the walls of the furnace and vertically located partitions on the profiled screen.

To optimize the design and improve the mixing conditions of the combustion products, screen profiling is made in the form of the letter “V” with the location of the formed rib approximately along the axial vertical line of the furnace.

The proposed device can be used in a furnace, mainly for heating rooms, comprising a housing with walls and a top cover, in which a combustion chamber with a combustion zone is located and air supply channels to the combustion zone of the combustion chamber and channels for removing combustion products from said chamber are connected, connected to a chimney, a door with a lock with locking and thrust elements mounted rotatably in a frame placed on the body.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a front view of a furnace with a device, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a furnace with a device, Fig. 3 is a top view of a furnace with a device, and Fig. 4 is a distribution of combustion products flows over a device the furnace body in a perspective view.

The proposed device is installed in a furnace 1, comprising a housing 2 with walls 3 and a top cover 4. In the housing 2 of the furnace there is a combustion chamber 5 with a combustion zone and air channels 6 are made into the combustion zone of the combustion chamber 5 and channels 7 for exhausting combustion products from the combustion chamber 5. The channels 7 are connected to the exhaust pipe 8. On the body 2 is installed with the possibility of rotation in the frame of the door 9 with a lock.

In the upper part of the furnace 1, between the combustion chamber 5 and the exhaust pipe 8, a profiled screen 10 of the device is installed with the formation of a cavity 11, limited by the upper cover 4, the walls 3 and the profiled screen 10 of the device.

In the profiled screen 10 of the device, windows 12 are made in the form of grooves, mainly in its peripheral zone 13, connecting the cavity of the combustion chamber 5 with the cavity 11 using horizontally oriented channels 14.

Claims (1)

A device for increasing the heat transfer of furnace gases, installed mainly in a domestic oven between the top cover of the furnace and its combustion chamber, characterized in that it comprises a screen, preferably profiled, in which windows are made in the form of grooves, mainly in its peripheral zone, connecting the cavity of the combustion chamber of the furnace with a cavity bounded by the upper cover of the furnace, its side walls and the specified screen, using horizontally oriented channels, and the said channels open in the specified the cavity towards each other, while between the output parts of the channels a swirl is installed, and the specified cavity is connected to the chimney cavity, while the horizontally oriented channels are formed by the furnace walls and vertically arranged partitions on the screen, and the screen is profiled in the form of the letter “V” with the location of the formed ribs approximately along the axial vertical line of the furnace.

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