RU2610411C2 - Heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat exchange equipment field, namely to rooms of different purpose air-and-liquid heating devices with use of all types of solid fuel. Heating device includes furnace and cover chambers, which walls are made of refractory brick along housing outline. Furnace chamber comprises furnace door for solid fuel loading, cast-iron plate, liquid heat exchanger, funnel pipe, chimney gate valves. Lower and upper cover chambers are located crosswise and successively to furnace chamber, being its continuation. At that, furnace chamber is combined with lower cover chamber via yap. Furnace chamber base and furnace door lower part are located at same level, structurally above clean-out door level and lower cover chamber binder. At that, lower cover chamber binder base and clean-out control door are located below furnace chamber base level, and secondary air supply control is located between furnace door upper part and cast-iron plate, or furnace chamber cover. Besides, liquid heat exchanger is located in lower cover chamber to enable its heating on all sides.

EFFECT: technical result is solid fuel longer combustion smouldering, simplification of heating device design by reducing number of used materials and device components.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, and in particular to devices for air-liquid heating of premises for various purposes using all types of solid fuel with the disposal of waste derivatives of wood products and other materials of plant origin, and can be used in everyday life and other rooms for hot water .

A heating device is known comprising a furnace and bell-type chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing. The combustion chamber contains a loading door with a gate, an ash chamber, a chimney pipe, an undercoat, lower and upper valves, cast-iron and metal rectangular plates mounted on two transverse corners. A door with a gate is installed on the back of the combustion chamber between the plates forming a channel for burning flue gases when secondary air is supplied through the gate, hail, rectangular metal pipes, a series of vertical slots between the furnace and bell chambers, a tank with a higher heat capacity due to the accumulation of steam in it when heated and not with tearing, expanding side walls during crystallization of ice formed when the temperature drops below zero degrees (see patent No. 123116, IPC F24C 13/00, F24H 1/46, publ. 03.08.20 12 g.).

The disadvantages of the known device are: insufficient duration of the smoldering-burning of solid fuel, a large list of materials used.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a heating device comprising a bell and furnace chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing. The furnace chamber contains a furnace door for loading solid fuel with a gate, cast-iron and metal rectangular plates mounted on two transverse corners. In the middle of the bell chamber, a heat exchanger is installed with the possibility of heating flue gases from all sides. A door with a gate for supplying secondary air is installed above the combustion door between metal plates forming a channel for burning flue gases. Hailo is installed in the bell chamber above the combustion chamber. Two rows of profile rectangular metal pipes are installed in the seams of the brickwork of the chimney pipe from the underfloor to the upper chimney gate. Two chimney valves, openings between the rear wall of the combustion chamber and the bell chamber are designed to exit “cold”, ballast flue gases (see patent RU No. 2551183, IPC F24C 13/00, published on 05/20/2015, bull. No. 14) .

The disadvantages of the known device include: the location of the liquid heat exchanger above the combustion chamber, the possibility of boiling liquid in the boiler without forced circulation when the power is turned off, insufficient smoldering-burning of solid fuel, a large list of materials used.

To date, the relevance of a number of applications of brick kilns has almost come to naught. By reducing the range of purposes, the variety of designs of masonry-built furnaces is reduced. On the other hand, their number is growing commensurably due to the development of new design options for the same purpose, for example, the same heating and cooking.

The technical task of the invention is to develop the design of a heating device with or without a hob with air-liquid heating of the premises in brick construction with both forced and natural heat and mass transfer.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the time of smoldering-burning of solid fuel, simplifying the design of the heating device by reducing the number of materials used and the elements of the device.

The technical result is achieved in that in a heating device containing a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a furnace door for loading solid fuel, a cast iron stove, a liquid heat exchanger, a chimney, chimney valves, according to the invention , the lower and upper bell-shaped chambers are located transversely and sequentially to the combustion chamber, being its continuation, while the combustion chamber is combined with the lower bell-shaped chamber through hailo, and the base of the combustion chamber and the lower part of the furnace door are structurally higher than the level of the cleaning door and the underside of the lower bell-shaped chamber, while the base of the underside of the lower bell-shaped chamber and the cleaning door-regulator are located below the level of the base of the combustion chamber, and the secondary feed regulator air is located between the upper part of the furnace door and the cast-iron stove, or the ceiling of the furnace chamber, in addition, the liquid heat exchanger is located in the lower bell-shaped chamber with it possible heating it from all sides.

The novelty of the proposed heating device are:

- the location of the lower and upper bell-shaped chambers across and sequentially to the combustion chamber, which is its continuation, combining the lower bell-shaped and furnace chambers through hail, will allow flue gases to completely burn in the combustion chamber, and then transfer heat to the lower bell-shaped chamber, in which the liquid heat exchanger is located with providing the possibility of heating it from all sides;

- the execution of hail as large as possible for maximum heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the liquid heat exchanger by means of thermal radiation, which helps to minimize the formation of tar and soot on its surface;

- the location of the secondary air supply regulator between the upper part of the furnace door and the cast iron stove, which, when the furnace is kindled, together with the cleaning door-regulator are in a tightly closed state, after the draft has been restored, the furnace opens so that there is enough air to flow through it combustion of flue gases under the stove, and the clean-up door-regulator opens so that, through the regulator of the secondary air supply, no flue gases enter the room and As the process of burning-smoldering firewood in the combustion chamber, which will create a high temperature under the cast iron stove, maintain smoldering - burning firewood in the combustion chamber in the absence of air supply from below, as in the proposed design of the heating device there is no blower door, which, no matter how tightly closed, still a small amount of air enters through its slots, reducing the time of smoldering-burning of firewood;

- the installation of the base of the combustion chamber and the door above the base, undercoat, cleaning door-regulator for the secondary air supply of the lower bell-shaped chamber allows the downward gas streams of flue gases to give the bulk of their heat to the walls of the heating device, the liquid heat exchanger, hence increasing the efficiency, and the flow of secondary air through the cleaning the control door displaces the downward gas flow of flue gases from the underfloor and the first vertical chimney channel, thereby decreasing scab burning wood, burning increases the length of time-decay wood.

The proposed heating device is illustrated by drawings, which depict: FIG. 1 - a heating device with a hob in section AA of FIG. 3; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view BB of FIG. 3; FIG. 3 is a top view in section CC of FIG. one.

The heating device (see Fig. 1, 2, 3) consists of a combustion chamber 1, lower 2 and upper 3 bell-type chambers, which contain walls 4 made of refractory stove bricks along the contour of the heating device casing, and a chimney 5. Lower 2 and the upper 3 bell-shaped chambers are located across and sequentially the combustion chamber 1, being its continuation. The furnace chamber 1 consists of a furnace door 6 for laying solid fuel, for example firewood, a base 7, which consists of five or more rows of stove bricks, a secondary air regulator 8, located between the upper part of the furnace door 6 and the cast-iron stove 9, the protrusion 10 located between the combustion chamber 1 and the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 and made of several rows of furnace bricks to prevent chips, ash from the combustion chamber 1 from entering the lower bell-shaped chamber 2. The lower bell-shaped chamber 2 consists of Novovaniya 11, walls 4, ceilings 12, lower valve 13, high 14 for the entry of flue gases from the combustion chamber 1 into the lower bell chamber 2, undercoat 15 of the lower bell chamber 2, the first vertical chimney channel 16, the cleaning door-regulator 17 for additional supply secondary air, a liquid heat exchanger 18. In this case, the combustion chamber 1 is combined with the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 through hail 14. And the upper bell-shaped chamber 3 consists of walls 4, base 19, undercoat 20 of the upper bell-shaped chamber 3, and the second vertical chimney channel 21, ceiling 22 and the upper valve 23. The lower valve 13 is located under the second vertical chimney channel 21 and the chimney 5 so that when lighting it is in the open state and allows you to quickly restore the draft of the heating device, warm the chimney 5, prevent the formation of condensation and tar in it. The chimney 5 is located above the second vertical chimney channel 21 of the upper bell chamber 3 and the overlap 12 of the lower bell chamber 2 and the base 19 of the upper bell chamber 3.

Hailo 14 is made as large as possible. To increase the burning-smoldering time of firewood, the base 11 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2, the undercut 15 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 and the cleaning door-regulator 17 are located below the level of the base 7 of the combustion chamber 1.

It should be noted that hail 14, lower 13 and upper 23 valves, chimney 5 are located one above the other so that at the time of kindling with open valves 13, 23, the flue gases flow directly from the high 14 to the chimney 5, they are warmed enough so that condensation does not form in it in winter. In the case of liquid, water heating, the liquid heat exchanger 18 is installed in the lower bell housing 2 with gaps between it and the walls 4 of the lower bell chamber 2 so that the liquid heat exchanger 18 is heated from all sides.

In the heating device, the combustion chamber 1 and the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 are located next to each other and are combined into one common chamber, so that the combustion chamber 1 is combined with the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 through a hook 14, while the base 11 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2, undercoat 15 the lower bell-shaped chamber 2 and the cleaning door-regulator 17 are located below the level of the base 7 of the combustion chamber 1, and the secondary air supply regulator 8 is located between the upper part of the combustion door 6 and the cast-iron stove 9.

The proposed heating device operates as follows (see Fig. 1, 2, 3). Firewood or other types of solid fuel are laid through the furnace door 6 into the furnace chamber 1. When the fire is fired, the furnace door 6 is left ajar, the lower 13 and upper 23 valves are left open, and the secondary air supply regulator 8 is left closed so that flue gases did not enter the room. In this case, the flue gases from the combustion chamber 1 enter the lower bell chamber 2, then through the lower valve 13 into the second vertical chimney channel 21 of the upper bell chamber 3 and through the upper valve 23 enter the chimney 5. After achieving sustainable combustion of firewood in the combustion chamber 1 and a set of sufficient temperature, the furnace door 6 and the lower gate 13 are tightly closed, the secondary air supply regulator 8 and the cleaning door 17 are opened so that no smoke enters through the secondary air supply regulator 8 The combustion and decay process in the combustion chamber 1 did not go out and the firewood begins to smolder, burns slowly in the combustion chamber 1, forming flue gases, which, rising upward when the secondary air is fed through the secondary air supply regulator 8, burn completely with a cast-iron stove 9. Then, through the hail 14, they enter the lower bell-shaped chamber 2. When the lower valve 13 is closed, the burnt flue gases first give off thermal energy to the overlap 12 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2, then the walls 4 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2, liquid to the heat exchanger 18. Next, the flue gases are lowered to the undercoat 15 of the lower bell-shaped chamber 2, which is below the level of the base 7 of the combustion chamber 1 and at the level of the upper part of the cleaning door-regulator 17, enters the first vertical chimney channel 16 located between the lower 2 and upper 3 bell dome cameras. Then, in the heating device, flue gases enter the upper bell-shaped chamber 3, rise to its overlap 22, giving up the rest of the heat to the walls 4 of the upper bell-shaped chamber 3, go down to the undercut 20 of the upper bell-shaped chamber 3, then enter the vertical chimney channel 21, then through the upper the valve 23 - in the chimney 5.

The present invention provides for the convenience of installation, masonry of a heating device in brick design with channels for combustion and heat and mass transfer of gas-generating gases with a liquid heat exchanger 18 by means of heat radiation of heat conduction and convection.

The proposed heating device in comparison with the prototype (patent No. 2551183, IPC F24C 13/00, published on 05/20/2015) allows you to:

- increase the time of burning-decay of solid fuel, for example firewood, which will allow to create a high temperature under a cast iron stove, to maintain burning-decay of firewood in the combustion chamber in the absence of air supply from below;

- displace downward gas flows of flue gases from the undercoat and the first vertical chimney channel when secondary air enters through the cleaning door-regulator, thereby reducing the burning rate of firewood, increasing the duration of the burning-smoldering firewood;

- increase the efficiency of the heating device due to the full return of the main part of the heat to the walls of the heating device, a liquid heat exchanger by descending gas flows of flue gases;

- to allow a larger area of the boiler to come into contact with the thermal radiation of the heating device due to the transverse arrangement of bell-shaped chambers with respect to the combustion chamber and the execution of high-volume high-volume;

- simplify the design of the device.

Claims (1)

A heating device comprising a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a furnace door for loading solid fuel, a cast iron stove, a liquid heat exchanger, a chimney, chimney valves, characterized in that the lower and upper bell chambers are located across and sequentially the combustion chamber, being its continuation, while the combustion chamber is combined with the lower bell chamber through hail, with the base of the combustion chamber and lower the lower part of the furnace door are located at the same level, structurally higher than the level of the cleaning door and the underside of the lower bell chamber, with the base of the underside of the lower bell chamber and the cleaning regulator door located below the level of the base of the combustion chamber, and the secondary air supply regulator is located between the upper part of the furnace door and cast-iron stove, or by blocking the combustion chamber, in addition, the liquid heat exchanger is located in the lower bell-shaped chamber with the possibility of heating it from all he said.

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