RU2277677C2 - Heating-digesting complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: domestic stoves or ranges.

SUBSTANCE: complex comprises heating shield whose space is separated into the sections which are in communication with each other and with the furnaces. The furnace sections receives fire grates, are overlapped by means of digesting plates, and are insulated from the room. The complex is made symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane that passes through one of the lines of the base parallel to any its side.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering, namely to domestic heat-intensive furnaces, and is intended for: independent use by two owners of adjacent rooms isolated from each other, heating an adjacent room with a furnace array when heating this heating of adjacent rooms with a wide distribution of heat distribution of the furnace array between them, increasing the heat transfer rate of the furnace by at least two times without increasing the duration of heating, cooking with the possibility of increasing its normal heat no less than twice the sum and the possibility of simultaneous application of two thermal regimes of its processing, heating water, keeping food and water hot for a long time, drying food and things, baking bread, ventilating cooking chambers and rooms, facilitating kindling of furnaces in the absence of draft in the pipe, removal smoke of coal samovars, rest / sleep lying with the therapeutic effect of dry heat.

The use of the complex is most effective in the premises of occasionally visited houses, cottages, etc. The complex can be installed both in the wall of adjacent rooms, isolated and uninsulated from each other, and outside it, i.e. open. The complex can be constructed with a different combination of heating and cooking stoves and stove benches: only heating and cooking stoves, combined heating and cooking stoves and stove benches, combined heating and cooking stoves with one of the stove benches. In the complex, it is possible to replace any closed firebox with an open fireplace (fireplace). Fire-fighting cutting of the complex with an interior partition can be carried out hollow inside and communicating through openings that can be blocked in any way with the rooms (for example, at the floor and ceiling / ceiling of the complex and at the bottom and top of the cooking chambers) to activate the heat redistribution of the parts of the complex between the rooms and convection indoor air. A complex similar to the one declared has been effectively operating in the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow region since 2002.

The author is aware of analogues of the claimed invention: N.E. Mikhaylusenko "How to fold an economical household stove", Krasnodar Book Publishing House, 1991, pp. 44-47, heating and cooking stove No. 8; fireplace stove according to SU 1755012 A1, F 24 B 1/28, 08/15/1992; the fireplace stove of I.G. Mukhin according to RU 2097659 C1, F 24 B 1/28, 11.27.1997, The closest to the claimed invention is a Russian stove with a stove in the sixth according to patent 19331, F 24 B 1/26, 28.02. 1931

The prototype is a heating and cooking device - a Russian stove with a stove in the hearth and with flue gases to the bottom of the oven, designed for: baking bread, cooking and hot water, keeping them hot for a long time, heating the room with the possibility of distribution within certain limits the heat of the flue gases between the levels of the furnace / resting / sleeping room with the therapeutic effect of dry heat, drying things and products, ventilation of the cooking chambers and the room, facilitating the kindling of the furnaces in the absence of draft in the pipes e, smoke sampling of a coal samovar, and comprising: a volume unified from the floor to the roof / ceiling of the hood chamber, part of which (divided by a hearth into the top - cooking and heating, the outer part of the roof of which is made in the form of a stove bench, and the bottom - the heating chamber, connected by a hole ), it works on the principle of a gas hood constantly and a part (volume around the hot water tank) that works on this principle from time to time; separate volumes of the main - a larger, covered by the arch of the cooking chamber, and additional - smaller, blocked by the cooker, fireboxes located below the hearth of the cooking chamber and equipped with grates, located at different heights, and traditional for the Russian stove, but also an additional, furnace on the cooking bottom cameras flue and other gas control unit, including volumes of a single chimney with openings for entrances to it at different levels, collectors / gas collectors in front of the entrances to the pipe and controlling the operation of brick volumes, a shutter, a curtain, a door, a view, a valve; volumes of cooking chambers equipped with insulating them, if necessary, from the room, one shutter, another curtain.

The disadvantages of the furnace compared with the claimed complex are the impossibility of using the furnace by the owners of adjacent rooms isolated from each other due to the asymmetric design of the furnace; the impossibility of simultaneous heating of all furnaces in any of the combinations of modes of their heating with the maximum effect for each mode due to the impossibility of burning fuel on the hearth with the shutter closed, the difference in the heights of the hearths / grates of the furnaces and, therefore, interrupting the rods overlying the draft lying below while burning the furnaces; the impossibility of entering all the furnace gases through any pipe entrance arbitrarily selected by the user / s for any of the combinations of modes of their heating due to the location of the inputs at different levels; the impossibility of increasing the maximum volume of simultaneously cooked food in excess of the usual and the simultaneous application of two thermal modes of its processing due to the inability to access the hearth of the furnace when cooking on the stove;

the large area and volume occupied by the furnace in the room, and the large consumption of materials for the construction due to the design features of the furnace; a large area of service for the cooking process due to the need to work with a long tool (grip, etc.) when cooking on the stove bottom; the impossibility of separating the areas and volumes that perform heating and cooking functions and perform the functions of a stove bench, due to the design features of the furnace; the impossibility of heating any adjacent room when this is heated due to the absence of a furnace and a flue and other gas control unit in one of them; chemical underburning in the furnace of the stove due to the lack of sufficient volume for combustion of the volatile component of the fuel; the inability to quickly heat the room even with open fire on the hearth of the stove or on a stove (fireplace) below the level of the hearth due to the properties of the air.

The invention is aimed at solving problems of ensuring: the use of an array of heating and cooking stoves by owners of adjacent rooms isolated from each other independently of each other, heating an adjacent room with an array of furnaces when this is heated, dividing the areas and volumes that perform the functions of heating and cooking and the functions of the bed, reducing the area and volume of the furnace and material for the construction, heating of adjacent rooms with a wide range of arbitrary redistribution of heat from the furnace array between them, reducing the chemical fuel burnout, reduction of the cooking process maintenance area, the possibility of using a heating and cooking stove with a different combination of types of furnaces, the possibility of increasing the heat transfer rate of the furnace by at least two times without increasing the duration of heating, the possibility of increasing the maximum of simultaneously cooked food by at least two times against the usual with the possibility of simultaneous application of two modes of its heat treatment.

The solution of the formulated problems is ensured due to the fact that the heating and cooking complex, which includes a unified floor to ceiling volume of the heating shield arranged on the principle of a gas hood, is divided into parts that can communicate with each other and with fireboxes, containing volumes that can operate on the principle of a gas hood, some constantly, and others periodically, separate volumes of furnaces equipped with grates and blocked by stoves, volumes of cooking chambers that can be isolated from rooms / - , a flue and other gas control unit, containing volumes of a single chimney, gas manifolds in front of the pipe inlets and controlling the operation of the valve and door volumes, is made symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane passing through one of the lines of the base plan parallel to either side, with divided volumes for the movement of flue gases and cooking, divided into independent parts by a cooking volume, with a heating shield, which is a multi-tiered multi-bell system, tiers of which the swarm is divided by the volume of the cooking chambers, and connected to each other and the fire chambers by channels, adjacent hoods of tiers are connected by openings, with volumes of the upper and lower parts of the fire channels, nozzles of the inlets of the chimney, functioning as gas hoods from time to time, fire chambers connected by volumes of heating guards that structurally provide autonomous flowing, with the installation of cooktops above the upper edges of high-burnout, with the device in the walls of the furnaces that separate them from the smoke channels, niches with possible the fact that their volumes serve as dryers, thermoses, hot water tanks, with single-level gas control unit manifolds in the form of nozzle volumes connected with openings to the upper tier of the heating panel, with valves providing the possibility of completely stopping the flow of flue gas from the furnaces into any of the tiers of the heating panel , and simultaneous access to all tiers and the possibility of their removal from the heating panel both through any of the pipes, and through all at the same time.

The heating and cooking complex can be made with hollow fire-prevention cuts with an internal partition, and the cutting cavities through openings made with the possibility of overlapping them are communicated with rooms near the floor and ceiling, and in their middle part, with the volume of the cooking chamber or chambers.

The heating and cooking complex may contain one or more stove benches.

In the heating and cooking complex, the volume of any furnace with a cooking chamber above it can be made closed or open - a fireplace.

The solution of the formulated problems is also ensured due to the fact that the fire cutting of the heating and cooking complex with the interior partition is hollow, and the cutting cavity through openings made with the possibility of overlapping is communicated with rooms near the floor and ceiling, and in the middle part with volume cooking chamber or cameras.

A method of redistributing heat between adjacent rooms heated by a heating and cooking complex is to redistribute the amount of heat of the flue gases between the parts of the complex that exit into the premises due to the redistribution of the volumes of flue gases simultaneously moving in the heating and cooking complex.

The method of redistributing heat between the adjacent rooms heated by the heating and cooking complex is that the heat received during the heating of the firebox by the fire-cutting of the heating and cooking complex with an interior partition, the cooking chamber is distributed by opening or closing the holes communicating the cavity - the fire cutting channel with the corresponding rooms and corresponding cooking chambers.

The solution of the formulated problems is also ensured due to the fact that a gas cap is used as a flue gas mixer in the heating and cooking complex.

Figure 1 presents a section aa of the heating and cooking complex in figure 4; figure 2 is a section bB in figure 5; figure 3 is a section bb in figure 6; figure 4 is a section GG in figure 1; figure 5 is a section DD in figure 2; in Fig.6 is a section EE in Fig.2.

The complex has furnaces 1, cooktops 2, burnouts 3, lower 4 and upper 5 parts of the fire channels, the lower 6 and upper 7 tiers of the hoods, connecting the tiers of the hoods channel 8, connecting the channels and caps of the hole 9, nozzles 10 of the entrances to the pipe, pipe 11 , loungers 12, valves of the pipe 13, valves of the winter course 14, valves of the summer course 15, valves of the beds 16, valves of the heating and cooking array 17, valves of the cooking chambers 18, doors of the cooking chambers 19, doors for samovar pipes, room ventilation, heating of the pipe 20 , channels in fire cuts with interior the partition 21, the lower openings of the channels 22, the upper openings of the channels 23, the middle openings of the channel from the side of the cooking chambers 24, niches 25, fire cuts with an interior partition 26.

The complex works as follows. During the simultaneous heating of the furnaces, the valves 15 and both or one of the valves 13 are open in a summer-like manner.

If both valves 13 are opened, the flue gases are washed and heated sequentially in the corresponding furnaces 1, stove 2, parts 5 of the fire channels and, having divided at the inlets of the nozzles 10 into two pairs of streams, overcome different parts of them to get into the pipe 11. Some streams are the shortest they enter the pipe, others after washing and heating the parts of the hood tier 7. Flows entering the tier move towards each other, meet, mix, equalize the temperature and, changing direction of movement, are close to the front of the meeting s apertures 9 are sent to the manifolds 10 volumes of proportional to the cross sections of holes formed latches 13 and into the tube 11. Part of the gases is forced to change direction on the reverse / avtoreversirovat. Depending on the change in the difference in the volume of flows, the position of the front of their meeting changes. The streams entering the pipe from the tier of the hoods through different nozzles have the same temperature, which helps to maintain equal conditions for the connection of the flue gases entering the pipe produced by different furnaces.

In the case of the opening of one of the valves 13, the flue gases to the entrances to the nozzles 10 follow the same path as before. Further, the gases that enter the furnace from the furnace into a closed pipe, which has turned into a gas hood, enter the entire layer of the hood 7 and, washing and heating it, move in the shortest possible way to the open pipe, undergoing temperature changes when it encounters the gases of the adjacent furnace, and the gases , falling from the furnace directly to the entrance to the open pipe, are divided into a couple of streams, one of which enters the pipe 11 in the shortest way, and the other after washing and heating part of the tier of the hoods 7, undergoing the changes described for the flow Belonging to a tier in case of opening of the two valves 13.

In the case of the opening of another valve 13, the behavior of the flue gases in the tier of the hoods 7 described in the previous case, expressed in the language of mathematics, changes its sign.

Since the degree of heating of the body / part of the body depends on the amount of heat received per unit time, in this case transferred by the flue gases flowing through the body / past the part of the body and depending on the temperature and volume of gases, by manipulating the valves 13 it is possible to achieve different degrees of heating of some and the same parts of the tier of hoods 7.

In the course of a one-year-old fireway, the corresponding valve 15 and both or one of the valves 13 are open.

In the case of the opening of both valves 13, the flue gases are sequentially washed and heated corresponding to the furnace 1, stove 2, part 5 of the fire channel with all of its volume and part - the entire volume of the tier of hoods 7, rushing to adjacent pipe 10 by the shortest path and being divided into flows proportional to the cross sections of the openings on their way. The other part enters the pipe 11 in the shortest way through the native pipe 10.

In the case of opening the valve 13 of the heated firebox, the flue gases follow the same path as before, only the stream entering the tier of the hoods 7, washing and heating its entire volume on the way to the pipe 11 through its own pipe 10, overcomes the maximum possible path.

If the gate valve 13 of the inactive furnace is opened, the flue gases to the branch pipe of the existing furnace take the same path as before, and from the pipe they fully enter the tier of hoods 7 and, washing and heating its entire volume, rush to the adjacent pipe in the shortest possible way, dividing into parts proportional to the cross sections of the holes in their path.

By manipulating the valves 13, it is possible to achieve varying degrees of heating of the same parts of the tier of the hoods 7.

During the simultaneous heating of the fireboxes, the valves 14 and both or one of the valves 13 are open in the wintertime.

In the case of the opening of both valves 13, the flue gases are sequentially washed and heated the corresponding furnaces 1, stoves 2, top 5, turned into gas caps, and the lower 4 parts of the fire channels, part of the tier of the hoods 6, moving towards each other, meet, mixing, equalize the temperature and in a single flow they wash and heat channel 8, the tier of caps 7, in their desire for pipes 10, they are divided in the closest to the channel 8 closest in proportion to the cross sections of the openings 13 formed by the valves, and, passing equal paths, are connected in tr Be 11 again into a single stream.

In the case of the opening of one of the valves 13, the flue gases before entering the tier of the hoods 7 make the same path as before. Further, in its desire for a working pipe 10, dividing the cap in the closest to channel 8 into parts proportional to the cross sections of the holes 9 encountered on their way, wash and heat the tier, passing different paths, and are connected again in a single stream in the pipe.

In the case of the opening of another valve 13, the flue gases follow the same path as previously, with the only difference being that the flows are reversed, making different paths after separation.

By manipulating the valves 13, it is possible to achieve varying degrees of heating of the same parts of the tier of the hoods 7.

During the wintertime fire of one of the furnaces, the corresponding valve 14 and both or one of the valves 13 are open.

In the case of the opening of both valves 13, the flue gases are sequentially washed and heated corresponding to the furnace 1, stove 2, parts 5 and 4 of the heat channel, the tier of hoods 6, incl. and part 4 of the fire channel of the inactive furnace, turned into a gas hood, channel 8, tier of hoods 7, in its tendency to nozzles 10, is divided into streams proportional to the cross sections formed by valves 13 of the holes in the closest to channel 8 of the hood, and, passing equal paths, are connected in the pipe 11 again into a single stream.

In the case of the opening of the valve 13 of the heated furnace, flue gases to the tier of hoods 7 make the same path as before. Further, in its desire for a working pipe 10, dividing the cap in the closest to channel 8 into flows proportional to the cross sections of the holes 9 encountered on their way, they wash and heat the tier, passing different paths, and join in the pipe again into a single stream.

In the case of opening the valve 13 of the inactive furnace, flue gases follow the same path as previously, with the only difference being that the flows that make different paths after separation are interchanged.

By heating a particular furnace, it is possible to achieve varying degrees of heating of the same parts of the hood tier 6, and by manipulating the valves 13 - of the same parts of the hood tier 7.

During the fire of one of the furnaces in the summer and the other in the winter, respectively, the valve 15 of one and the valve 14 of the other and both or one of the valves 13 are open.

In the case of opening both valves 13, the flue gases of the furnace, which is heated in a summer-like manner, are sequentially washed and heated the furnace 1, stove 2, part 5 of the heat channel with its entire volume and part of the tier of the hoods 7 with the part of the volume that got into the tier after separation at the entrance to the pipe 10 The flue gases of the furnace, heated in winter, sequentially wash and heat the furnace 1, stove 2, parts 5 and 4 of the fire channel, the tier of hoods 6, channel 8, part of the tier of hoods 7, dividing into streams in the closest hood closest to channel 8 proportional to the resistance on their pu to the branch pipes 10. The flow of flue gases of the furnace, heated in the summertime, falling into the tier of hoods 7, and part of the flow of flue gases of the furnace, heated in the winter, tending to the branch pipe 10 of the furnace, heated in the summer, are moving towards each other, meet Mixing and auto-reversing, they are sent to the nozzles of the furnaces that developed them and into the pipe.

In the case of opening the valve 13 of the furnace, which is heated in the summer way, before the hoods 7 enter the tier, the flue gases make the same path as before. The differences in the behavior of the flows in the tier are that the nature of the movement of the gas flows of the furnace, heated in winter changes: reversed earlier, now does not reverse, but reverses another.

In the case of opening the valve 13 of the furnace, heated in the winter, the nature of the movement in the tier of the hood caps 7 of the combustion chamber flue gas, heated in the summer, changes. Entering the tier with its entire volume through the inlet-outlet in the pipe 10 of their furnace, they do not reverse on the way to the entrance-exit in the pipe of the adjacent furnace.

By manipulating the valves 14-17, it is possible to achieve different degrees of heating of the same parts of the hood level 6. By manipulating the valves 13, it is possible to achieve different degrees of heating of the same parts of the hood level 7.

Thus, during the heating of any furnace, flue gases have a part of the path with a single travel path option (the corresponding fire chamber 1, stove 2, part 5 of the fire channel is in summer mode; the corresponding fire chamber 1, stove 2, parts 5 and 4 of the fire channel connecting channel 8 tiers of hoods - in winter mode) and a part with a lot of travel path options (from the entrance to the nozzle 10 of the heated furnace to the hood 11 along the tier of hoods 7 - in summer mode; from the entrance to tier 6 caps to the entrance to the channel 8, from the exit from the channel 8 to the exit to the pipe 11 along the tier caps 7 - in the winter-time).

In each of the combustion chamber heating modes (summer, winter), there are three options for the movement of flue gases in the tier of hoods 7, which are fundamentally important for space heating, depending on the position of the gate valves 13 (both are open, one is open, the other is open) and one is in the tier of hoods 6 during winter-time flowing. Simultaneous heating of fire chambers complicates the movement of flue gases in the tier of hoods 7 for all variants of combinations of the modes of their heating (both in summer, both in winter, one in summer, the other in winter, one in winter and the other in summer), in the tier caps 6 - with a combination of both in the winter. In addition, during the simultaneous heating of the furnaces, the function of the pipe valves passes partially, depending on the modes of furnace heating, to the valves of summer or winter running. The presence of two fire chambers and three entrances to the tier of hoods 7 in the complex entails nine fundamentally important options for the movement of flue gases in this tier (three options for entry x three exit options) and two options in tier 6 when only one firebox is fired. Four options for combinations of simultaneous heating of furnaces increase the number of options for combinations of flue gas movement in tier 7 to twenty-one (nine + four entry options x three exit options). Three options for combining simultaneous furnace heating with the inclusion of hoods 6 in the tier process increase the number of fundamentally important flue gas movement options in tier 6 to three (two + both in winter). The addition of the heating and cooking massif with an array of beds increases the number of such options for the movement of flue gases in the hood level from 6 to fifteen (three options for simultaneous heating of the furnaces multiplied by five options for the entry of flue gases into the hood level 6).

Variants of the movement of flue gases in the tiers of the hoods differ from each other in temperature and volume of gases washing and heating the same parts of the array of the complex, in addition to depending on the intensity of the heating of the furnaces, and cause different degrees of heating of the same parts. This allows you to redistribute the heat of the flue gases between the parts of the array of the complex and, therefore, the heat between adjacent rooms, given the distribution during the construction of the complex by the parts of the array that exit into the premises.

To an even greater extent, heat canals be redistributed between rooms through channels 21 in the fire-fighting sections of the complex with an internal partition 26, especially the channel from the side of the cooking chambers. When this furnace is heated with closed doors 19 of the cooking chamber, open middle 24, open only from the adjacent room by the upper 23 and lower 22 holes of the channel 21, the heating and convection of all air of the adjacent room are intensified. When this furnace is heated, the open middle 24, open only from the side of the given room by the upper 23 and lower 22 openings of the channel 21, the convection of all the air in this room is amplified. Creating various combinations of opening / closing the channel openings, opening / closing the doors of the cooking chambers when all the furnaces are blown or one of them is heated, the array of the complex is heated, we obtain an increase in heating and convection of all air or any part of it in all rooms or in one of them .

Baking bread is carried out in furnaces after heating. Ventilation of rooms, cooking chambers, heating of the pipe, removal of samovar smoke is carried out with the valve (s) open (s) 13. Heating of the pipe - with the door 20 open, by burning at the entrance to the pipe 10 of easily combustible solid materials. Samovar smoke removal - with door 20 open, insert a samovar pipe into the hole. Ventilate the room by opening the door 20. Ventilate the cooking chamber by opening the gate of the cooking chamber 18.

Claims (8)

1. The heating and cooking complex, which includes a single from the floor to the ceiling, arranged according to the gas hood principle, volume of the heating shield, divided into parts that can communicate with each other and with fireboxes, containing volumes that can work on the principle of a gas hood, one constantly, and others periodically, separate volumes of furnaces equipped with grates and covered with cooking hobs, volumes of cooking chambers that can be isolated from rooms / I, a flue and other gas control unit containing volumes of of the chimney, gas manifolds in front of the pipe inlets and controlling the operation of the valve volumes, doors, characterized in that it is made symmetrically with respect to the vertical plane passing through one of the lines of the base plan parallel to either side, with separated volumes for the movement of flue gases and preparation food, divided into independent parts by the volume for cooking, with a heating shield, which is a multi-tiered multi-bell system, tiers of which are divided by the volume of cooking chambers, and are interconnected with the fire chambers by channels, adjacent hoods of tiers are interconnected by holes, with volumes of the upper and lower parts of the fire channels, chimney inlets, serving as gas hoods at times, fire chambers interconnected by the volumes of the heating shield, structurally providing autonomous flow , with the installation of cooktops above the upper edges of high-burnout, with the installation of niches in the walls of the furnaces that separate them from the smoke channels with the possibility of performing their volumes of functions dried ok, thermoses, hot-water tanks, with single-level manifolds of the gas control unit in the form of nozzle volumes connected with openings to the upper tier of the heating shield, with valves providing the possibility of both completely stopping the flue gas from the furnaces directly into any of the tiers of the heating panel, and simultaneous access in all tiers and the possibility of their removal from the heating shield both through any of the pipes, and through all at the same time. 2. The heating and cooking complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with hollow fire-prevention grooves with an interior partition, and the grooves of the grooves through openings made with the possibility of overlapping them are communicated with rooms near the floor and ceiling, and in their middle part - with the volume of the cooking chamber or chambers. 3. Heating and cooking complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains one or more stove benches. 4. The heating and cooking complex according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the volume of any furnace with a cooking chamber above it is made closed or open - a fireplace. 5. Fire cutting heating and cooking complex according to claim 2 with an interior partition, characterized in that it is hollow, and the cutting cavity through openings made with the possibility of overlapping, communicated with rooms near the floor and ceiling, and in its middle part with the volume of the cooking chamber or chambers. 6. The method of redistribution of heat between a heated heating and cooking complex according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4 adjacent rooms, which consists in the fact that they redistribute the amount of heat of the flue gases between the parts of the complex that exit into the premises, due to the redistribution of the volumes of flue gases simultaneously moving in the heating and cooking complex. 7. The method of heat redistribution between the heated heating and cooking complex according to any one of claims 2-5 adjacent rooms, which consists in the fact that the heat received during the heating of the firebox by the fire-cutting of the heating and cooking complex with an interior partition, a cooking chamber is distributed by opening or closing openings communicating the cavity - a fire-cutting channel with corresponding rooms and corresponding cooking chambers. 8. The use of a gas cap as a flue gas mixer in a heating and cooking complex according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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