RU2243450C1 - Furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apparatuses for burning fuel, preferably solid fuel, in systems for water heating of residence and industrial buildings and for hot water supply.

SUBSTANCE: furnace includes fire box with grate bars, ash pit and water heating unit having water filled cavity whose heating surface may engage with gaseous combustion products; flue pipe. Furnace is provided with after-burning chamber and heat exchange chamber in cavity of which heat exchange section is arranged. Fire box through duct for outlet of its gases is communicated with lower part of after-burning chamber. Upper part of heat exchange chamber is communicated through gas duct with upper part of after-burning chamber. Lower part of heat exchange chamber is communicated through flue with flue pipe. Upper wall of heat exchange chamber is in the form of water heating unit. Cavity of ash pit is communicated with lower part of after-burning chamber through duct for supplying additional air provided with regulating damper. Around outlet opening of said duct there is gas-distributing well made of rows of firebricks placed in pairs by staggered fashion one onto another. Walls of fire box and after-burning chamber are made of firebricks.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of fuel burning, increased heat power, minimum size of furnace.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for burning fuel, preferably solid, and can be used in water heating systems of residential and industrial premises and hot water supply.

Known furnace containing a furnace with a combustion zone located in the lower part, blown, hot water elements installed with the possibility of interaction of gaseous products of combustion with their heating surfaces, and a chimney (see I. S. Podgorodnikov. Two-bell stoves. M: Kolos, 1992, pp. 125-134, Fig. 62).

The disadvantage of this furnace is cumbersome, since the furnace relates to batch structures, and heating with its use consists in the accumulation of heat in the furnace volume and subsequent cooling with the transfer of heat to the heated room.

Also known is a furnace containing a furnace with grate, blown and a water heating unit, including a water-filled cavity, the heating surface of which is installed with the possibility of interaction of gaseous products of combustion, and a chimney (see. Album of heating and domestic stoves. Part 1. Heating furnaces. M. : Gosstroyizdat, 1961, sheet 86).

The disadvantage of this furnace is the insufficient efficiency of fuel combustion, leading to its large underburning and the release of combustible gases into the atmosphere, as well as the need to provide good traction to maintain the combustion process.

The problem to which the claimed solution is directed is expressed in increasing the completeness of fuel combustion and increasing the thermal power of the furnace while minimizing its dimensions.

The technical result achieved in solving the problem is expressed in eliminating the need to provide good traction to maintain the combustion process, reducing emissions of fuel particles and combustible gases into the atmosphere and providing the possibility of a sharp increase in the thermal load on the furnace.

To solve this problem, a furnace containing a furnace with grates, blown and a water heating unit, including a water-filled cavity, the heating surface of which is installed with the possibility of interaction of gaseous products of combustion, and a chimney, characterized in that the furnace is equipped with an afterburner and a heat exchange chamber, in the cavity of which a heat exchange section is placed, while the furnace, through the channel for the exit of flue gases, made in the upper part of the end of the furnace, is in communication with the lower end of the afterburner, the late end of the heat exchanger chamber is in communication with the gas channel with the upper end of the afterburner, and the lower end of the heat exchanger chamber is communicated with a chimney, the upper wall of the heat exchanger chamber is made in the form of a water heating unit, the cavity is blown in communication with the lower end of the afterburner, a channel for supplying additional air provided with a regulating flap, a gas distribution well is formed around the channel outlet, made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks placed in pairs in a checkerboard m on top of each other, the walls of the furnace and the afterburner are made of fireclay bricks. In addition, the gas ducts of the heat exchange section are arranged vertically, while the water heating unit and the heat exchange section are connected to the heated water accumulator.

A comparison of the features of the claimed solutions with the features of the prototype and analogues indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

The features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks.

The signs “... the furnace is equipped with an afterburner” and “a blower cavity is connected with the lower end of the afterburner, a channel for supplying additional air” provide the possibility of dividing the fuel combustion process into two stages - preliminary fuel preparation (heating and burning of the solid component with gasification) and burning gaseous gasification products and dusty particles of fuel in a volume isolated from the first process. Thus, a change in the temperature regime in the furnace zone (for example, due to periodic additions of fuel to the furnace) does not affect the stability of the second zone.

The signs “... the furnace, through the channel for the exit of flue gases, made in the upper part of the end of the furnace, is connected with the lower end of the afterburner” provide the specified sequence of “work” with the fuel.

The signs “... in the form of a water-heating unit, the upper wall of the heat-exchange chamber is made” and “the upper end of the heat-exchange chamber by a gas channel is connected to the upper end of the afterburner” ensure the movement of gas flows due to a corresponding change in the components of natural draft (i.e. gravitational forces acting gas particles) at different stages of their movement - rise - in the afterburner (due to heating) and descent - in the heat exchange chamber (due to rapid cooling), in addition, the sign “lower to the end (of the heat exchange chamber) is connected by a chimney to a chimney. "

The sign “... in the cavity of which (i.e. a heat exchange chamber) a heat exchange section is located” increases the intensity of heat extraction from flue gases.

A sign regulating the placement of the control flap in the channel for supplying additional air, provides the opportunity to optimize the combustion process depending on the amount of fuel burned.

The signs “... the walls of the furnace and the afterburner are made of heat-resistant material, such as fireclay bricks” provide the possibility of trouble-free burning of gasification products of fuel and increase the heat load on the furnace.

The features of the second claim provide for “self-cleaning” of the gas ducts of the heat-receiving circuit of the heat exchange sections and reveal the connection of the water heating unit and the heating circuit of the heat exchange section with a heated water accumulator.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the furnace; figure 2 is a horizontal section along the afterburner; figure 3 is a horizontal section through a heat exchange chamber.

The drawings show a furnace 1 with grates 2, blown 3, the volume of solid fuel 4, a water heating unit including a water-filled cavity 5, the heating surface 6 of which is installed with the possibility of interaction with gaseous products of combustion 7. Also shown are a chimney 8, an afterburner 9, a channel 10 for the exit of flue gases, made in the upper part of the end face 11 of the furnace 1, is connected with the lower end of the afterburner. Moreover, in the form of a water-heating unit, the upper wall of the heat-exchange chamber 12 is made, in the cavity of which the heat-exchange section 13 is placed, the upper end of the heat-exchange chamber 12 being connected by a gas channel 14 to the upper end of the afterburner 9, and its lower end is connected by the chimney 15 to the chimney 8, in addition, the cavity of the blower 3 is connected with the lower end of the afterburner 9, a channel 16 for supplying additional air, equipped with a control flap 17. In addition, the gas ducts 18 of the heat exchange sections 13 are placed vertically, with this, the water heating unit and the heat exchange sections are connected to the heated water accumulator 19. In addition, in the afterburning chamber, around the outlet of the channel 16 for supplying additional air, a gas distribution well 20 is formed, made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks 21, arranged in staggered pairs on top of each other (thus, it turns out that the holes for releasing additional air from a well in its rows adjacent to it in height are placed on its different sides).

The walls of the furnace and the afterburner are made of heat-resistant material, such as fireclay bricks (the furnace is laid out in the form of a hemisphere for greater strength, the afterburner is made in the form of a rectangular pipe, the longitudinal axis of which is directed vertically upward, while its internal cavity is lined with fireclay bricks in a checkerboard pattern, to better mix the products of gasification and sublimation of solid fuel (coming from the furnace) with oxygen (coming from the blower through channel 16 for supplying additional air). the single-heating unit, heat-exchange sections, and a control flap are made of metal.The rear, side, and lower walls of the heat-exchange chamber are made of ordinary brick or metal (for example, if heat removal is necessary in the room where the furnace is located) and can be equipped with a heat-insulating casing (based on slag , mineral wool, etc. of materials), if heat is not removed to the room where the furnace is located.The heat exchange section is made in a known manner, for example, in the form of a sealed cavity made of metal through which a chock of vertically arranged gas ducts 18 made of metal pipes. The upper part of the heat exchange section 13, through the nozzles 22, is connected to a water-filled cavity 5, which is connected with the heated water accumulator 19, and the lower part of the heat exchange section 13 is connected through a pipe 23 to the return pipe of the heating system (not shown in the drawings).

The claimed device operates as follows.

When burning fuel, the walls of the furnace and other elements of the furnace are made of heat-resistant material. The combustion of fuel is supported by atmospheric oxygen entering through the grate.

The gases heated in the furnace (CO, methane, dusty unburned fuel particles, etc.) - the products of gasification and sublimation of solid fuel - are heated and, since there is no heat removal in the furnace, they “float” into its upper part and through channel 10 for the flue gas outlet enters the lower end of the afterburner, where it interacts with the oxygen in the air entering through the channel 16 for supplying additional air through the openings of the gas distribution well (well walls heated by hot gases, giving up some of their heat fresh air, provide its heating, before this air comes into contact with gases and other products of gasification and sublimation of solid fuel). Air reacts with gases and other products of gasification and sublimation of solid fuel with the release of heat, so the combustion products of the flue gases do not cool down and tend to the upper end of the afterburner. With the passage of gases through the afterburner, their temperature rises above 1000 ° C. In this case, all possible combustible particles and gases are burned without forming soot on the walls of the chamber, which contributes to better heat transfer. By the pressure of the pop-up gases, the hot gaseous products of combustion 7 from the afterburner are forced into the heat exchange chamber through the gas channel 14. Here, the hot gaseous products of combustion 7 are in contact with the heating surface 6 of the water-filled cavity 5. As a result, they quickly cool down and flow down the gas ducts 18 of the heat-exchange section 13 where they give their heat to the water filling the annulus. Cold water (i.e., which has given off its heat in the heating system) through the pipe 23 enters the lower part of the heat exchange section 13 and displaces hot water from the annular space 5 through the pipe 22 and then into the heated cavity 5, and then into the heated battery 19 water. The cooled gases, the temperature of which does not exceed 150 ° C, enter through the chimney 15 into the chimney 8. At the exit of the chimney 8, the gases are colorless and do not contain particles of soot and smoke.

Thus, by separating the combustion and heat exchange zones and the organized movement of gas flows in the manner described, good draft is ensured, which allows coal to be burned without additional air blowing; complete combustion of fuel, which reduced the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere; significant fuel savings, the absence of costs for cleaning the boiler from tar deposits and soot, an increase in the capacity of the furnace with its smaller size.

When tossing a new portion of coal, the furnace does not cool down, because the temperature of coal instantly rises due to the high temperature of the furnace, which has a large mass, and the fact that the furnace gases do not stop the combustion process due to their constant removal from the reaction zone. At the same time, the possibility of regulating the volumes of additional air (by means of a regulating predetermined overlap of the channel 16 for supplying additional air by the shutter 17) makes it possible to optimize the combustion process depending on the volume of fuel burned.

Claims (2)

1. The furnace containing the furnace with grates, blown and a water heating unit, including a water-filled cavity, the heating surface of which is installed with the possibility of interaction with gaseous products of combustion, and a chimney, characterized in that the furnace is equipped with an afterburner and a heat exchange chamber, in the cavity of which is placed a heat exchange section, wherein the firebox is in communication with the lower end of the afterburner through the channel for the exit of flue gases, made at the upper end of the furnace, the upper end is heat exchanged the first chamber is communicated with the upper end of the afterburning chamber, and the lower end of the heat exchange chamber is communicated with a chimney with a chimney, the upper wall of the heat exchange chamber is made in the form of a water heating unit, the cavity of the blower is communicated with the lower end of the afterburning chamber with an additional air supply channel equipped with a control damper, around the outlet of the channel a gas distribution well is formed, made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks, pairwise staggered on top of each other, with the furnace chambers and afterburners are made of fireclay bricks. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas ducts of the heat exchange section are arranged vertically, while the water heating unit and the heat exchange section are connected to the heated water accumulator.

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