RU2402716C1 - Universal heat accumulation fireplace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: universal heat accumulation fireplace comprises body, shaft with glased fire-resistant door, ash pit with fire bars, channel smoke-circulating system connected to smoke stack. It is equipped with heat exchange and heat accumulation chamber arranged in lower part of fireplace and filled with heat absorbing material; ash pit bottom contains a closed hole that communicates to chamber of heat exchange and heat accumulation, and also with ash pit chamber; slot is left under frame of shaft door for passage of controlled amount of air from room into shaft. Back inclined wall of shaft is equipped with smoke cog, and they are faced with two stainless metal sheets so that one sheet is tightly pressed to surface of masonry, and the second sheet, with perforated holes and their moulded lower edges, is suspended onto four pins towards the first sheet, so that conic adjustable slot is formed between sheets as slantwise expanded upwards and entering smoke chamber, forming therefore deflector chamber, for soot afterburning and passage of the main gas flow from furnace and secondary air supplied by two tubes mounted with its one end into ash pit chamber, and its second end is mounted into lower part of deflector chamber. To increase draught of waste gases, there is a tubular ejector installed upstream smoke cog, connecting cavity of smoke chamber with lifting channel of smoke-circulating system. In back rear wall, along edges of lifting channel of smoke-circulating system, there are two convection channels provided for inlet of cold air at the bottom and outlet of heated air into heated room at the top.

EFFECT: increased heat efficiency of fireplace.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to designs of heating fireplaces-stoves operating on solid fuel, using duct smoke systems, convection channels for heating flowing air and built-in masses for heat storage.

Known heating fireplace economical delicate multifunctional (OK-EDM) (See patent RU No. 2261400, IPC F24B 1/28, F24B 1/18). This fireplace is combined with a heating furnace and forms a single massif body containing a firebox or a stone cassette for long-term burning of solid fuel installed as a firebox. A hollow convection chamber is formed between the walls of the stone cassette and the array-case, and in the array-case an additional hollow convection channel is made, the input of which is connected to the outlet of the convection chamber, and its exit - to the heated room. A firebox (or a chimney cassette) with a combustion door is connected to a revolving hollow smoke channel of the heating furnace, which exits into the chimney with a valve, while the air inlet to the fuel burner serves as a blower with openings located below the door, parallel to the hearth. A convection valve-blocker of convection air flow is installed in the convection channel, and a pneumatic channel is additionally made in the array body, to the input of which a supercharger of the heated room is connected, connected by an electric circuit to the temperature sensor. According to the invention, the first floor of the building is heated by the heat accumulated by the material of the fireplace body massif, and the second floor by convection heat of the air of the heated room on the first floor.

However, even the title of the invention “a heating fireplace ...” does not correspond to the structural embodiment. In the described household heating unit there is not a single sign of a fireplace, which is used at all times of the year not so much to heat the room, but to create comfortable conditions for pleasant observation of the fire of the hearth, open or covered with glass and for the physical sensation of the radiated heat from the furnace. The fireplace insert should be installed at the level of a person sitting by the fireplace of a resting observer, and not at the floor level. In addition, the fireplace should not always unnecessarily accumulate (accumulate) excessive heat. Therefore, the versatility of using a fireplace in this case is absent. In fact, this is a heating furnace, inconvenient in operation and having a number of disadvantages: the impossibility of regulating the air supply to the furnace, due to the lack of a grate, a fan and an ash pan. The process of uniform combustion of fuel and removal of ash from the furnace is also complicated. Multi-turn smoke channels with horizontal cross sections have a number of significant drawbacks, the main of which are: high resistance to the movement of flue gases, to overcome which requires increased traction by increasing the height of the chimney or special devices; fast and abundant clogging with soot and ash from chimneys; laborious and inconvenient chimney cleaning. In addition, due to the casing from the floor to the ceiling in which the furnace is installed, the design of the structure and heat transfer between the furnace body and the room air are deteriorating.

A heat storage fireplace is known (see EP Patent No. 1764556, F24B 1/24), containing the inner and outer cases, inside of which there is a firebox, grate, ash pan and chimney made of heat-resistant material for heat storage. According to the invention, devices are placed inside the chimney along its entire length, which significantly increase the heat capacity of the chimney. The device includes a heat flow limiter that prevents heat leakage from heat-protecting devices into the outer shell of the casing.

The disadvantage of this fireplace is that heat accumulates mainly in the upper part of the chimney connected directly to the chimney, as a result of which a significant part of the hot gas goes into the atmosphere, which sharply reduces the efficiency of the heating fireplace and the use of fuel.

The closest technical solution adopted for the prototype of the invention is the fireplace of the Finnish company Tulikivi (see "Fireplaces as for themselves", 2004, No. 2, Russia, St. Petersburg).

All Tulikivi fireplaces are made from a unique, rare mountain shale of talchochloride (or talc magnesite), which has high heat capacity and different thermal conductivity in the longitudinal and cross sections of the shale.

The Tulikivi fireplace includes a body made of slate-cut bricks, a firebox with a glazed door, a duct smoke system, an external chimney connected to the downpipes from the rear of the fireplace.

Practical tests of Tulikivi fireplaces show very high thermal performance.

However, the production of fireplaces is associated with the high laboriousness of mining talc-chloride rocks, like marble, sawing bricks from this slate, assembling (laying) fireplaces using special brackets and adhesive materials. The prices of such fireplaces are extremely high.

The technical task of the present invention is to increase the thermal efficiency and versatility of the fireplace while reducing the complexity and cost of its manufacture, as well as the availability of materials used for all regions of the country.

The stated technical problem is achieved in that a universal heat-accumulating fireplace, comprising a housing, a firebox with a glazed refractory door, is blown with grates, a duct smoke system connected to the chimney is equipped with a heat exchange and heat storage chamber located in the lower part of the fireplace and filled with heat-resistant material. A closing opening is made in the bottom of the blower, communicating with the heat exchange and heat storage chamber, as well as with the blower chamber. A gap has been left under the frame of the firebox door for the passage of an adjustable amount of air from the room into the firebox. The rear inclined wall of the firebox is equipped with a smoke tooth, and they are lined with two stainless metal sheets so that one sheet is pressed tightly to the masonry surface, and the second sheet, with perforated holes with their lower edges molded to the side of the first sheet, is suspended on four pins in such a way that between the sheets a conical adjustable gap forms, obliquely widening upwards and entering the smoke chamber, thereby forming a soot deflecting chamber for soot burning, where the main gas stream from the furnace and into orichny air is supplied by two pipes, incorporated in one end of the ash-pit chamber and the second end of the deflector in the lower part of the chamber. Above the chimney, a draft reinforcement deflector is installed. To enhance the draft of exhaust gases during the kindling of the fireplace, a tubular ejector is installed above the smoke tooth connecting the cavity of the smoke chamber with the lifting channel of the smoke circulation system. In the rear rear wall, along the edges of the lifting channel of the smoke circulation system, two convection channels are provided for the entry of cold air from below and the exit of heated air to the heated room at the top. The heat exchange and heat storage chamber is made of refractory fireclay bricks, and the fireplace itself is made of a homogeneous, solid ceramic brick. The body is divided vertically into two parts: the main and additional, allowing the fireplace to be operated in three switched heat-accumulating and heat-exchange modes: with an open or closed firebox and with open pipe valves; when the firebox is closed with a door made of refractory glass and when the two upper gate valves are open; with closed firebox and open upper gate valves. The universal heat accumulating fireplace is made according to the “golden section” principle in such a way that the ratio of the total height to the height of the lower part and the lower part to the upper corresponds to a value of 1.62.

The technical result is achieved by making structural changes to the device of the most versatile heat-accumulating fireplace, as well as by replacing an expensive, rare material with affordable technological materials widely used by industry.

Thanks to the heat exchange and heat storage chamber made of refractory fireclay bricks and filled with heat-resistant material located in the lower part of the fireplace (under the blower), the entire mass of the fireplace is uniformly heated, heat accumulates with heat-resistant material and chamber walls made of fireclay brick with low thermal conductivity. This also ensures the preservation and regulation of fireplace heat consumption, creating a comfortable temperature regime at any time of the year for 12-36 hours or more.

A closing opening was made in the bottom of the blower, communicating with the heat exchange and heat storage chamber and with the blower chamber, through which accumulated stored heat can be removed through the blower and grates to the firebox for heat treatment of foodstuffs or to create a comfortable room temperature when cooling the fireplace mass within 12-36 hours.

A gap has been left under the frame of the firebox door for passing an adjustable amount of air from the room into the firebox, to shield the inner surface of the glass from soot and from direct flame contact with the glass, as well as to ensure normal combustion of fuel and gases along the entire height of the furnace and the bottom of the chimney and control of soot deposition in the entire chimney system.

The rear inclined wall of the firebox is equipped with a smoke tooth and they are lined with two stainless metal sheets so that one sheet fits snugly against the masonry surface, and the second sheet, with perforated holes and their lower edges molded to the side of the first sheet (inside), is suspended on four pins so that between the sheets a conical adjustable gap forms, obliquely widened upward and entering the smoke chamber, thereby forming a deflector afterburning chamber through which the main gas flow from Folders and secondary air is let down two tubes, incorporated in one end of the ash-pit chamber and the second end of the deflector in the lower part of the chamber.

This design ensures the complete combustion of soot and other fuel particles, and also contributes to the even distribution of the gas flow coming from the furnace into two streams directed through the passes into the lower channels of the smoke circulation system.

Above the chimney, a draft reinforcement deflector is installed.

To excite and enhance the draft of the exhaust gases during the kindling of the fireplace, a tubular ejector is installed above the smoke tooth connecting the cavity of the smoke chamber with the lifting channel of the smoke circulation system. This design solution contributes to an increase in draft throughout the smoke system.

Two convection channels are provided along the edges of the lifting channel of the smoke circulation system for the entry of cold air from below and the exit of heated air to the heated room at the top, accelerating the heating of the room.

Universal heat-accumulating fireplace is made of environmentally friendly, affordable, homogeneous, solid ceramic brick. The heat transfer and heat storage chamber is made of refractory fireclay bricks with low thermal conductivity. All this contributes to the accumulation, preservation and regulation of fireplace heat consumption.

Due to the fact that the casing is divided vertically into two parts: the main and the additional, the fireplace is universal, which consists in the possibility of its operation in three switched heat-accumulating and heat-exchange modes (radiant, convection and heat-conducting): with the open or closed firebox and with the open pipe valves ; when the firebox is closed with a door made of refractory glass and when the two upper gate valves are open; with closed firebox and open upper gate valves.

, где отношение общей высоты к высоте нижней части, а нижней части к верхней соответствует значению 1,62 обеспечивает совершенство пропорций конструкции.The implementation of the fireplace on the principle of "golden section"

Wherein the ratio of total height to the height of the lower part and the lower part corresponds to the upper 1.62 perfection design provides proportions.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - General view of a universal heat-accumulating fireplace;

Figure 2 is a vertical section along aa;

Figure 3 is a vertical section along BB;

Figure 4 is a vertical section along BB.

Universal heat-accumulating fireplace (Figs. 1, 2, 3) contains the lower 1 and upper 2 parts, firebox 3, door 4 with refractory glass, blown 5, grates 6, heat exchange and heat storage chamber 7, a hole with a plug 8 at the base of the blown 5 , heat-intensive material (tab) 9, duct smoke system 10, smoke tooth 11, deflector afterburner 12, secondary warm air supply tubes 13, tube ejector 14 for thrust excitation, gate valves 15, 16, 17, 18, chimney 19, cleaning doors 20, smoke chamber 21, blower chamber 22, slotted passage 23 for secondary air, mixed chimney system 24, convection channels 25, down channels 26, chimney 27, passes 28 channel smoke system 10, vertical lift channel 29, perforated sheet 30, doors 31 of the heat exchange and heat storage chamber 7, foundation 32, facing sheet 33, channels 34 of the mixed system 24, doors 35 convection channels 25.

Figure 1, 2, 3 shows that the universal heat accumulating fireplace is made so that its body is divided in height into two parts: the main 1 and additional 2. This allows you to operate it in three switched heat accumulating and heat transfer modes.

The operation of the universal heat-accumulating fireplace is carried out in three thermal modes as follows.

The first thermal regime is carried out when the furnace 3 is open or closed by a door 4 with refractory glass and when the valves 15, 16, and 18 are open. In this case, the flue gases rising up from the furnace 3 are pushed by the front air to the wall of the smoke tooth 11 and pass through perforated openings with their lower edges molded into the inclined sheet 30 of the deflector chamber 12, they are enriched with secondary thermal air introduced from the blower 5 through pipes 13 into its lower part and exit through the chimney 27 into the chimney 19. The room is heated, mainly radiant energy with an efficiency of 20-25%.

The second thermal mode is carried out when the firebox 3 is closed by the door 4 and when the valves 16 and 18 are open. When the fireplace is kindled, the flue gases rise up and fall into the lower part of the chimney 27, where part of the flue gases passes through the tubular ejector 14 into the lift channel 29 of the smoke circulation system 10, connected to the chimney 19, excites a stable draft, the strength of which depends on the temperature of the flue gases passing through the ejector 14, and the main stream of flue gases rushes into the chimney 21 through the inner chamber of the deflector 12, where it is enriched with secondary warm air introduced from the blower 5 through tubes 13 to the lower part of the deflector 12. Passing through the deflector chamber 12, the fuel gases enter the smoke chamber 21 located above the smoke tooth 11, reduce the speed of movement, while increasing the afterburning time of carbon black and carbon monoxide, and are divided into two oppositely directed horizontal flows and, having passed the passes 28, rush down along the lowering two channels 26 of the smoke circulation system 10 into the heat exchange and heat storage chamber 7, while reducing ov velocity of the flue gases, and thereby increasing the contact time with the gas and the specific heat of squares masonry material 9. Further, the heat flow of gas rises through the vertical channel 29 dymooborotnoy system 10 in a chimney 19. In this case the efficiency is 70-75%.

The third thermal mode is carried out with the furnace 3 closed and with open valves 17 and 18. Flue gases pass through all the channel systems of the second thermal regime of smoke, and at the exit from the main fireplace part 1 enter the mixed system of smoke circulation 24. First, the flue gases enter the channelless system , and then rise upward through two channels 34 and enter the chimney 19. Moreover, the efficiency is 75-85%.

Switching from one thermal mode to another is carried out using the provided valves 15, 16, 17 and 18.

After the fireplace has been finished in the second and third modes, its combustion chamber can be used for cooking and for the heat treatment of products. For this, it is necessary to slightly open the valves 17 and 18 and open the opening 8 of the overlap between the heat exchange and heat storage chamber 7 and the blower 5, and lay a pan with products requiring heat treatment on the under the firebox 3.

Thus, the claimed universal heat accumulating fireplace has versatility, thermal efficiency, low manufacturing costs and the availability of materials used for all regions of the country.

Claims (4)

1. A universal heat-accumulating fireplace, comprising a body, a firebox with a glazed refractory door, blowing with grates, a duct smoke system connected to the chimney, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat exchange and heat storage chamber located in the lower part of the fireplace and filled with heat-resistant material; a closing hole is made in the bottom of the blower, communicating with the heat exchange and heat storage chamber, as well as with the blower chamber; under the frame of the firebox door there is a gap for the passage of an adjustable amount of air from the room into the firebox; the back inclined wall of the firebox is equipped with a smoke tooth and they are lined with two stainless metal sheets so that one sheet is pressed tightly to the masonry surface, and the second sheet with perforated holes and their lower edges molded to the side of the first sheet is suspended on four pins so that between the sheets a conical adjustable gap is formed, which is obliquely expanded upward and entering the smoke chamber, thereby forming a deflector chamber for burning off soot and the passage of the main gas stream from the furnace and the secondary spirit; supplied by two tubes mounted at one end into the blower chamber, and the second end into the lower part of the deflector chamber; To enhance the draft of exhaust gases, a tubular ejector is installed above the flue tooth, connecting the cavity of the flue chamber with the lifting channel of the flue system; in the rear back wall, along the edges of the lifting channel of the smoke circulation system, two convection channels are provided for the entry of cold air from below and the exit of heated air to the heated room at the top. 2. The universal heat-accumulating fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange and heat storage chamber is made of fireclay refractory bricks, and the fireplace itself is made of a homogeneous, solid ceramic brick. 3. The universal heat-accumulating fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is divided vertically into two parts: the main and additional, allowing the fireplace to be operated in three switchable heat-accumulating and heat-exchange modes: with an open or closed firebox and with open pipe valves; when the firebox is closed with a door made of refractory glass and with the two upper pipe valves open; with closed firebox and open upper gate valves. 4. The universal heat-accumulating fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made according to the "golden ratio" principle in such a way that the ratio of the total height to the height of the lower part and the lower part to the upper corresponds to a value of 1.62.

Images