EP1890092A1 - Fire place for solid fuel for the heating of a room and remote rooms as for heating of sanitary water. - Google Patents

Abstract

The furnace has an upper combustion chamber (1) and a lower combustion chamber (2), a combustion chamber ceiling and an exhaust water heat exchanger, which is installed in the furnace rear wall and at the combustion chamber ceiling. The furnace external walls are not stripped and radiate the warmth. The combustion chambers are provided with visible fire by two glassed doors (1a,1b) which radiate the warmth into the combustion chamber. An air gap is admitted in the furnace rear wall, which obtains the warmth from the two combustion chambers and streams out the passing hot air.

Description

The invention relates to a living room stove for solid fuel for sanitary water heating by means of a boiler and for space heating via furnace radiation heat, on request blow-forced hot air and mainly on heating water by means of radiators; with an upper combustion chamber or Holzfüllraum above the grate floor, and with the actual combustion chamber or Holzgasverbrennungsraum under the grate floor, with primary and secondary combustion air supply, and activated with exhaust gas discharge alone through the natural chimney flue, without exhaust fan, because this would interfere in the living room.

Are known residential furnaces with boiler function (water heating), where the water heat exchanger is fixed to the combustion chamber or the side walls and is heated by the direct combustion chamber fire, with and without visible fire.

So-called wood gasification furnaces are known without visible fire, which are mounted in the boiler room and discharge the exhaust gases electronically controlled by means of a fan. All jacket walls and also the front door are heat-insulated without radiation; only the boiler water is heated up.

The object of the invention is an oven that is mainly installed in a living room, twice visible fire, this room with radiant heat and hot air heats directly and can supply the remaining rooms of the house by means of hot water with sanitary hot water and space heating, and so on high efficiency and clean exhaust gas combustion in relation to CO, CO2, HC, dust has to meet the required standards for approvals and contribution subsidies; that he also works without disturbing exhaust fan, and works without electronics, ie waived these. If the chimney draft in a house is very bad, of course, an exhaust fan can be used.

This goal is achieved with a double glazed door, with uninsulated external walls for heat dissipation, with optional hot air blower in the furnace base, with built-in replaceable boiler and with its effective, ideally metered afterburner combustion system, which is activated and maintained by natural draft alone.

By passing the hot through afterburning clean exhaust gases to the water pockets of the boiler whose heating water is heated, which heats the radiator remote rooms and a boiler or boiler heat exchanger sanitary hot water.

In order to achieve a high efficiency and residue-free and clean combustion of fuels with a residential furnace, they are specifically where the combustion happens, supplied with primary and secondary air, and burned in a lower combustion chamber at high temperature development before the exhaust gases Run through the water heat exchanger and heat up the heating water.

The wood and other solid fuels are ignited in the upper combustion chamber. In order to get the natural chimney draft necessary for the flue gas afterburning, and to build up an ember bed for the wood gasification, first a direct flue is opened from the upper combustion chamber in the direction of the chimney and the chimney is heated.

So that the exhaust gases do not get too hot into the chimney when the damper door is open in the heating chamfer, and therefore no smoke is emitted when the upper door is opened, it is under the upper combustion chamber (4a) and below Rotary flap (6) a smoke baffle (1d) attached, which sucks the exhaust backwards to the opening of the baffle with open rotary flap. If a high temperature is required for cooking on the stove top, a window can be opened under the rotary flap in the guide plate.

When the chimney "pulls" enough and a little embers have formed, the direct exhaust flap is hermetically closed. The exhaust gases are now sucked by the natural chimney draft through the embers on the grate and the nozzle openings to the lower combustion chamber. Before that, they are supplied with primary air at the staircase grate. In the nozzles directly secondary air is fed, which is saturated with the glowing fuel gases to a flammable gas-air mixture and burns high temperature in the lower combustion chamber. The fuel gases are burned much more intensively and cleanly than in traditional home furnaces, where a large part escapes dirty, unburned and unused to the chimney.

The hot exhaust gases flow in the lower combustion chamber to the rear and are sucked at the end of the tunnel through a glowing stone mesh and distributed over the entire width of the furnace. On the back wall of the oven, two or three bottom-up water pockets with ribs and intermediate gas gap are installed across the width of the oven, opening into two horizontal water pockets at the top. The hot exhaust gases heat up the heating water on the long way between the vertically and horizontally arranged water pockets and get into the chimney with a great deal of cooling. This ensures efficient water heating and a high efficiency of the stove.

The hot exhaust gases of the rear ascending gas gap also heat the air, which flows in a gap behind it on request ventilatorforciert up and for fast and large-area warm air space heating ensures. The blower sits in the cool kiln base area at the very back.
The combustion air for the upper combustion chamber where the wood combustion and outgassing takes place and for the secondary feed directly into the nozzles is guided so that it first cools the furnace base. It is sucked across the space in the furnace base and taken on a laterally down the oven mounted thermostat controlled rocker flap and sent to a Rundumkanal behind the oven door edge, right up the door to the left, left down and under the oven door to the right. Part of the air flows out of slits of the all-around channel and serves primarily for glass rinsing and secondarily for combustion. The largest part flows out of the lower transverse channel under the staircase-shaped furnace grate and is available on the entire combustion chamber floor to the overlying combustion material for combustion. Secondary air can also be fed directly into the nozzles from the lower transverse channel.

The combustion can be observed twice, in the upper combustion chamber and in the lower gas combustion tunnel, through heat-resistant glass.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt des Ofens

Fig. 2

einen Längsschnitt des Ofens

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht der Verbrennungsdüse

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch die Verbrennungsdüse und durch den Treppenrost

Fig. 5

einen Längsschnitt druch die Verbrennungsdüse

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1

a cross section of the furnace

Fig. 2

a longitudinal section of the furnace

Fig. 3

a top view of the combustion nozzle

Fig. 4

a cross section through the combustion nozzle and through the staircase

Fig. 5

a longitudinal section through the combustion nozzle

The furnace in the embodiment shown has an upper combustion chamber (1) with front door with heat-resistant glass (1a) and with lateral metal shell with refractory inner lining (1c). Downwards it ends centrally on the gas combustion nozzles (3) and laterally on the Stairs (7) with underlying intermediate ash compartments (7d) which rest on the kiln intermediate floor (9). The combustion chamber headliner is formed by a water pocket (4a) which runs forwards from the furnace rear wall over the entire width of the furnace and ends with a transverse opening with a rotary flap (6). Following this, the combustion headliner ends at the front with the upper transverse duct of the air all-round duct (8e), which has downwards air outlet slots and air ducts.

An essential part of the boiler-type furnace is the water heat exchanger (4) (5), which is interchangeably introduced through the lateral furnace shell. It consists of two (or three) vertical water pockets (4) with intermediate exhaust gap (5) on the furnace back wall, which occupy the entire furnace width and down from the ceiling of the lower combustion chamber (2) up to the top of the combustion chamber, where in two horizontally proceed to the front continuing water pockets (4a) (4b), in front of the lower front transversely an opening with rotary flap (6) is installed. The lower horizontal water pocket (4a) is centrally connected to a connecting tube with the upper slightly shorter water pocket (4b).

Instead of these described water bags, we also use water bags, where the exhaust gas passes through rectangular, oval or round pipes and the outside of the pipes, installed in a shell, are completely surrounded by heating water.

To supply the furnace with combustion air, an opening with a thermostatically controlled rotary flap (8a) is provided at the bottom of the furnace at the bottom. The opening leads into an inner laterally extending forwardly extending channel (8b), which opens into an all-round channel at the front, which leads right behind the oven door edge right above the door to the left (8e), there opens into a drainage channel and below the door continues in a transverse channel to the right and ends there (8d). The all-round channel has slots towards the oven door glass for warm air outlet for glass rinsing and primary combustion. The lower transverse channel (8d) has openings for the primary air feed (optionally with primary air flaps) to the two air ducts below the stair grids (7d) and has metered openings for secondary air feed directly into the combustion nozzles Fig. 4 (3) (3d) (3d-3b).
To collect the ashes falling through the staircase grate (7), ash containers are inserted into the two shafts (7d).

For the purpose of rapid heating of the furnace installation space, an air gap (10) is provided in the furnace rear wall, which opens at the furnace base in the hot air fan (10a) and exits the top of the ceiling of the furnace.

At the top of the stove above the flap (6) is a removable hotplate (11) for cooking and warming. It also serves to clean the upper horizontal exhaust ducts (5a) after removal.

To clean the vertical gas slots (5), the lid (5c) can be opened.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 show a plan view, a cross section and a longitudinal section of the gas combustion nozzles (3), Fig. 4 shows a cross section of the stair grate (7) and the nozzle (3).

The gas combustion nozzle (3) is seen from above a rectangular metal body with a central rectangular slot Fig. 3. In the length of the slot, the nozzle body to its slot center has a gable, seen in profile as a house gable looks, Fig. 4 (3a). On the rear side (underside) are outside the narrow sides of the slot, two through channels Fig. 3, Figure 4 (3d), the two side wall ends on the combustion chamber floor Fig 1 + 2 (9) rest. Of the two channels lead small openings in the central nozzle shaft (3d-3b).

Fig. 4 shows that the short sides of the rectangular nozzle shaft from the lower corners of the gable (3a) down initially straight, then conically convergent (3c) and last straight again. Fig. 5 shows that the long sides of the nozzle shaft below the gable (3a) initially straight (3b) then conically convergent (3c) and last straight again. Seen from the front to the back of the oven has lined up several gas combustion nozzles Fig. 3.

On the left and right of the nozzles (3), the furnace has a step-shaped grate on its entire combustion chamber depth. Fig. 4 (7) (7a) (7b) (7c) descend to the furnace axis inclined steps to the local nozzles down. Lying on the step edges extend straight from top to bottom connecting rods (7c). From the air ducts under the staircase grate (7d) through the air gaps between the steps (4b), the nozzles suck the shortest route to the combustion air to glowing fuel and thus ensure a flammable air-gas mixture with effective clean combustion.

The burning process in the lower combustion chamber (2) can be observed through the glazed door (1b). After opening this door (1b), the ash can be removed there.

To observe the firing process or outgassing in the upper combustion chamber (1), the upper front door (1a) is also provided with a glass pane.

In the rearmost area of the lower combustion chamber, the furnace has an interchangeable grid (2a) of highly refractory bricks or special metals, the gas gaps being dimensioned according to the kiln train.

Claims (7)

Solid fuel domestic furnace for heating a living space and rooms removed therefrom and for heating sanitary hot water,
the residential furnace including an upper and a lower combustion chamber,
a combustion chamber sky,
a combustion air supply arrangement,
a furnace grid as a firing pad,
Combustion nozzles,
an exhaust gas water heat exchanger,
and an exhaust device,
the living room heater heats the living space through the
Radiant heat of the stove and the living room
removed rooms and the sanitary hot water through the hot water exhaust gas heat exchanger,
the living room stove is characterized - that the outer walls of the oven are not stripped and that radiate heat, - that the furnace has two combustion chambers with visible fire through two glazed doors, which also radiate the heat into the combustion chamber (1a) (1b), - That in the furnace rear wall, an air gap is recessed, the heat from the two combustion chambers relates and the passing hot air, if requested ventilatorforciert, flows upwards, - That the exhaust-water heat exchanger is installed interchangeably in the furnace rear wall and the combustion chamber, - That the living room stove has a wood gas afterburning system alone with natural draft without exhaust fan, of course, for houses with bad flue draft an exhaust fan can be used. Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that the combustion air supply through the air inlet through an opening with thermostat controlled flap side of the furnace base (8a) is provided, wherein the air from a space in the furnace base (8a 'is sucked), in an inner laterally forward channel continues to flow , there in a Rundumkanal behind the upper oven door edge penetrates (8b) (8c) (8e) (8d), from the all-round channel partially through small slits to the glazed door out flows, and mostly from the lower transverse channel of Rundumkanals (8d) dosed under the Stair grate (7) (7d), and adjustable with valve, directly into the combustion nozzles (3) is fed. Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that a furnace grate is provided as Brenngutauflage on the upper combustion chamber floor for the targeted combustion air supply to the kiln, said grate is not a common known cast grid, but is designed as a stair-shaped grate whose stages Fig. 4 (7a) of the furnace outer walls to the descend axial nozzle (3), the individual stages with transverse ribs (7c) are interconnected, and where the front of the frontal transverse channel (8d) related combustion air between the steps and transverse ribs (7d) therethrough in the horizontal direction to the kiln and is sucked in the nozzles. Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that the combustion nozzles act as transitional openings from the upper combustion chamber (wood gasification chamber) to the lower combustion chamber, wherein the nozzle body seen from above a rectangular Metal body with a central rectangular slot is Fig. 3, wherein further the nozzle body on both sides in the length of the slot to the center of the slot has a gable (3a), which, seen from the side resembles a house gable Fig. 4 (3a); Further, the body on the rear outside the narrow sides of the slot has two through channels Fig. 3, Fig. 4 (3d), the side edges of which rest on the combustion chamber bottom (9), wherein of the two channels (3d) in the central nozzle shaft two openings lead (3d-3b), further the nozzle shaft from top to bottom in the area of the Aufgiebelung conically divergent runs, then on all four insides with approximately half total length straight, and conically converges on the lower half, and finally runs straight. Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that the exhaust water heat exchanger Fig. 2 (4) (5) for boiler function by the lateral furnace shell is interchangeably installed in the furnace, that the exhaust-water heat exchanger of two or more vertical and horizontal water pockets (4) with in between or outside lying exhaust gap (5), at the furnace rear wall and under the furnace roof occupies the entire furnace width and down from the ceiling of the lower combustion chamber (2) to the top of the headliner sky (4a) ranges, where the vertical channels (4 ) into two horizontal water pockets (4a) (4b), which extend horizontally forward to the exhaust flap, and which have a central connecting pipe; that as a heat exchanger instead of the water bags with intermediate or outer exhaust columns alternatively water pockets are used in which the exhaust gas passes through rectangular, oval or round tubes and the tubes are installed in a shell and are surrounded around with hot water, the vertical and horizontal Exhaust ducts and pipes can be cleaned from above through openings with removable lids (5c) (11). Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that a multi-function exhaust gas guide is provided by a direct exhaust flap (6) at the front of the headliner (4a) behind the air duct (8e), with a baffle (1d) below the flap opening (6) and below Combustion headliner (4a) is attached to both sides and front of the stove, front closes with the flap opening close to the ceiling close, ends a piece in front of the rear wall, the baffle under the flap area (6) has an opening and sliding and removable lid for the cleaning and stove function, with the closed baffle, the exhaust gases pull away from the door to the rear, and thereby the exhaust gas temperature is reduced. Domestic furnace according to claim 1,
characterized in that a stone or metal grid (2a) is provided at the rear end of the lower combustion chamber, which allows a regulation of the flue draft and the Abgasnachverbrennung.

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