RU2660987C1 - Pyrolysis waste heat boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat exchange.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the heat power engineering, in particular to the water-heating devices designs, and can be used in heating and hot water supply systems. Pyrolysis waste heat boiler comprises housing, in which the charging chamber is located, and combustion chamber associated thereto by one or more nozzles, connected to the placed in the water jacket lower flue and with connected to the chimney heat exchanger tubes. At that, the heat exchanger is made water-tube with the tubes horizontal longitudinal placement in a staggered order with their possible inclination towards the supply tube of up to 5 degrees. Combustion chamber is made octagonal in the cross section. In the boiler side wall it is advisable to make a technological window for the heat exchanger servicing.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increase in the pyrolysis boiler heat transfer efficiency, as well as simplification of the pyrolysis waste heat boilers heat exchangers maintenance and cleaning without stopping their operation.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, in particular, to designs of water heaters, and can be used in heating systems and hot water supply.

A gas-heating device is known [RF patent No. 2439437], comprising a combustion chamber combined with a common vertically oriented housing with a door for loading fuel; afterburner with a door for cleaning it; nozzles providing the movement of pyrolysis gas from the combustion chamber to the afterburner; fan for forced air supply to the afterburner; vertical flue; heat exchanger connected to the water heating system. The afterburner is located under the combustion chamber and communicates in its lower part with a vertical gas duct. The nozzles are installed between the combustion chamber and the afterburner, made of fireclay, have a modular design and contain horizontal air inlets. A vertical flue is located at the rear of the device, adjacent to the combustion and afterburners, and communicates with the chimney pipe.

In the known solution, special attention is not paid to the design of the heat exchanger, in particular its efficiency, in fact, the heat exchanger is an angular capacity of complex shape, subject to severe pollution by combustion products.

As a prototype, a heating boiler was selected [RF patent for utility model No. 153204], comprising a housing in which a gas generation loading chamber and a combustion chamber connected with it are located, connected to a lower smoke duct located in a water jacket and to pipes of a heat exchanger connected to a chimney , and the air supply regulator is equipped with a temperature sensor for the coolant, and the air supply regulator is made in the form of controlled gates of variable flow area and an automatic control unit, and -lingual chamber gasification connected with the atmosphere through one controllable slide valve, and the combustion chamber is connected to atmosphere via the other connected to the nozzle, with gate, wherein the unit automatic control connected with the temperature sensor and configured to separate control vanes gasification and combustion loading chamber.

In these boilers, a vertical gas pipe heat exchanger is used, in which, when heated gases pass through their rotational-translational motion under the action of centrifugal force, unburned products (soot, etc.) are deposited on the pipe walls, as a result of which the heat exchange efficiency decreases and the need for periodic cleaning of the heat exchanger with a stop of work of a copper. This does not allow the boiler to be used as a recovery boiler.

A rectangular combustion chamber is also installed in such boilers, which is not effective because of the “dead zones” (chamber corners), which do not come into contact with hot gases and require more “riveting” for docking with the outer jacket of the boiler.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of heat transfer of the pyrolysis boiler and the use of the boiler as a recovery boiler, as well as simplifying the maintenance and cleaning of the heat exchangers of the pyrolysis recovery boilers without stopping their operation.

This problem is solved by a pyrolysis recovery boiler, comprising a housing with a loading chamber and a combustion chamber connected to it by one or more nozzles, connected to a lower smoke channel located in a water jacket and to pipes of a heat exchanger connected to a chimney in which, according to the invention, the heat exchanger is made with horizontal longitudinal placement of pipes in a staggered manner with their possible inclination towards the supply pipe up to 5 degrees, and the combustion chamber is made octagonal in transverse section.

It is advisable to make a technological window in the side wall of the boiler for servicing the heat exchanger (including without stopping operation).

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the appearance of a pyrolysis recovery boiler.

In FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a pyrolysis recovery boiler.

In FIG. 3 shows the layout of pipes in the heat exchanger.

In FIG. 4 shows a front view of the combustion chamber with a portion of the outer jacket.

In general, the device comprises a door to the loading chamber 1, primary / secondary air ducts 2, a primary air damper regulator 3, an air blower fan (primary / secondary) 4, a secondary air damper regulator 5, a combustion chamber door 6, a water jacket 7, and a damper 8 flue gas by-pass, pipes 9 of a horizontal water-tube heat exchanger, primary air duct 10, lining (fireclay brick) 11 loading chambers, nozzle 12 made of refractory concrete (up to 1600 ° C), chamber 13 for burning pyrolysis gases from cham deleterious bricks in the combustion chamber 14. In the side wall of the boiler 15 is satisfied the process window for servicing the heat exchanger. In the upper rear part of the boiler there is a flue pipe 16.

Flammable materials, such as firewood, as well as various wastes (rubber, plastic, etc.) are put into the loading chamber through door 1, and are ignited when the shutter 8 is open. When the fuel burns up, the shutter 8 closes and fan 4 is turned on. In the chamber 1, carbonization and gasification occur, i.e., pyrolysis proper. This occurs with a limited metered air supply through the duct 2 and duct 10 through the regulator 3, depending on the type of combustible material. The gas released during the combustion process (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, nitrogen from the primary air) passes through the nozzle 12, where it is mixed with the air supplied through the duct 2, which is dosed by means of the regulator 5.

Formed combustible mixture burns in the chamber 13 afterburning of pyrolysis gases with a high temperature of gases (~ 1200 ° C). The high-temperature mixture passes through the sections of the combustion chamber 14 (lower chimney), in contact with the water jacket 7, then through the pipes 9 of the heat exchanger and is removed through the chimney 16.

Using a horizontal water-tube heat exchanger, the rotational-translational movement of gases is eliminated, as a result, the sticking of combustion products to the pipes 9 of the heat exchanger is reduced, which allows the boiler to be used as a recovery boiler for burning rubber and plastic waste, etc., and the location of the pipes 9 in a checkerboard pattern and with an inclination of up to 5 ° it increases heat transfer and eliminates drilling when heated, and since dust and soot are deposited on the upper part of pipes 9, this practically does not affect heat transfer, as a result ie an increased heat transfer and there is no need for frequent cleaning and maintenance of the heat exchanger, and the location of the process window 15 in the side of the boiler allows for its cleaning and maintenance without stopping.

The combustion chambers of pyrolysis boilers are usually made either rectangular or round, which is not effective in the first case because of the “dead zones” (corners) that do not come into contact with hot gases, and more “riveting” is required in the case of round The shape of the combustion chamber causes difficulties in the manufacture of such chambers (special equipment such as rollers is required), as well as difficulties in joining the outer and inner jackets of the boiler, in our case an octagonal combustion chamber is used, which is close to round in efficiency the docking of the outer and inner jackets boiler no technological difficulties, and reduced the number of "staves". In addition, this form of the combustion chamber allows you to increase the supply of coolant (water) in the most critical area of the recovery boiler, thereby preventing it from boiling (see Fig. 4).

Claims (2)

1. Pyrolysis recovery boiler, comprising a housing in which a loading chamber is arranged and a combustion chamber connected to it by at least one nozzle and connected to a lower chimney placed in a water jacket and to pipes of a heat exchanger connected to a chimney, characterized in that the heat exchanger made water-tube with horizontal longitudinal placement of pipes in a checkerboard pattern with their possible tilt towards the feed pipe up to 5 degrees, and the combustion chamber is made octagonal in cross section. 2. The pyrolysis recovery boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a technological window for servicing the heat exchanger is made in the side wall of the boiler.

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