RU137989U1 - WATER-SOLID FUEL BOILER (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

A group of utility models relates to a power system. A solid fuel boiler containing a housing, a furnace chamber, a grate, a water jacket, an air supply pipe with an adjustment flap, a chimney with a draft regulator, water inlet and outlet pipes. In other embodiments, secondary air supply means are provided. The technical result consists in increasing productivity, in increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion and increasing the duration of its combustion from loading to loading. 3 n.p. f-ly, 2 z.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

A group of utility models relates to the power system, namely, devices for heating, preparing hot water or supplying heat to residential premises, as well as for technological needs in domestic, industrial and other premises for various purposes, in which a central heating system is equipped.

From the "prior art" known solid-fuel boiler-stove containing a housing with steel double walls forming a water jacket, a cooker, a combustion chamber, a grate, a cold supply and a drain of hot water. The body is a heat exchanger welded from sheets of steel forming an outer water jacket, into which the inner water jacket is perpendicularly welded, and the grate has two positions.

The disadvantages of the known device are the low efficiency of fuel combustion and the short duration of its combustion from loading to loading.

In addition, from the "prior art" known solid-fuel boiler containing a housing, a furnace chamber, a heat exchanger, grate, ash pan. The boiler body is a structure formed of steel sheets and vertical and horizontal pipes connected through a collector; the body is externally covered with shields with heat-insulating material. The fire tube heat exchanger (drum) consists of two packages of horizontal pipes, between which a dividing shield is welded. Recoverable turbulators are inserted into the pipes, for effective heat removal, the heat exchanger is closed by a hollow door, in which water circulation is provided. The boiler body is flow-connected to the door of the heat exchanger; an explosion valve is installed on the door of the heat exchanger. The furnace chamber is made in the form of a tube frame with a circulating coolant and alternating fireclay brick, which allows to achieve a higher combustion temperature in the furnace chamber. In the pipe, through which the cooled return water is supplied to the most intensely heated place of the boiler (furnace chamber), a partition is installed that allows increasing the rate of return water flow and removing the precipitation from the most dangerous zone of possible scale formation (see RF patent No. 121042, publ. 10.10.2012).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low productivity of hot water, the short duration of fuel combustion.

The objective of this group of utility models is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result consists in increasing productivity, in increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion and increasing the duration of its combustion from loading to loading.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that the solid fuel boiler according to the first embodiment comprises a housing, a furnace chamber, a grate, an ash chamber, a water jacket, an air supply pipe with an automatic adjustment flap, a chimney with a gate valve regulator, water inlet and outlet pipes. The air supply pipe is connected to a telescopic distributor configured to increase its length from top to bottom as the fuel burns.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that the solid fuel boiler according to the second embodiment comprises a housing, a side water jacket, a front water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket, a combustion chamber, a chamber for exhausting exhaust gases into the chimney, a primary air supply means, a secondary supply pipe air, a chimney with a gate valve regulator, a grate, primary water inlet and outlet pipes, including a side water jacket, a rear water jacket, a front water jacket and upper water a new jacket, a heat exchanger containing two packets of horizontal pipes. The heat exchanger tubes are placed in the chamber for exhaust gas discharge into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases and provide the possibility of turbulization of the exhaust gas flow and additional heat removal. In addition, the boiler further comprises an exhaust gas afterburner formed by horizontal walls separating the afterburner from the furnace chamber and the exhaust chamber to the exhaust chimney. At the same time, in the afterburner there is a secondary air injector connected to the secondary air supply pipe passing through the furnace chamber and providing the possibility of supplying secondary air from the bottom-up from the secondary air chamber and heating it, made under the furnace chamber, secondary water inlet and outlet pipes including heat exchanger.

In accordance with the particular case of execution, the device according to the second embodiment has the following features.

The exhaust gas afterburner has chamotte lining.

The technical result is also ensured by the fact that the solid fuel boiler according to the third embodiment comprises a housing, a side water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket, a furnace chamber, a chamber for exhausting exhaust gases into the chimney, primary and secondary air supply means, a chimney with a regulator gate valves, grate, water inlet and outlet pipes of the water circuit, including a side water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket. The boiler further comprises an exhaust gas afterburner formed by horizontal walls separating the afterburner from the combustion chamber and the exhaust chamber to the exhaust chimney. At the same time, in the afterburner there is a secondary air injector connected to the front secondary air supply chamber, in addition, in the lower part of the boiler there is a window for secondary air intake connected to the lower secondary air chamber in communication with the front secondary air supply chamber.

In accordance with the particular case of execution, the device according to the third embodiment has the following features.

The exhaust gas afterburner has chamotte lining.

The essence of this group of technical solutions is illustrated by the following illustrations:

FIG. 1 - a front view of the boiler according to the first embodiment is displayed;

FIG. 2 - a side view of the boiler according to the first embodiment is displayed;

FIG. 3 - shows a longitudinal section of the boiler according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 - shows a longitudinal section of the boiler according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 5 - shows a longitudinal section of the boiler according to the third embodiment.

In FIG. 1-3 displays the following structural elements of the device according to the first embodiment:

1 - ash chamber;

2 - ash chamber door;

3 - water shirt;

4 - loading door;

5 - air supply pipe;

6 - automatic adjusting air supply flap;

7 - chimney;

8 - gate valve regulator;

9 - water inlet pipe;

10 - pipe outlet water;

11 - boiler cover;

12 - grate;

12 - air distributor;

13 - recovery zone.

Solid fuel boiler contains a housing. In the lower part there is an ash chamber 1 with a door 2. The boiler has a water jacket 3 made of steel sheets of a welded structure. The fuel is loaded into the furnace chamber through the loading door 4. The air necessary for burning fuel is supplied through the air supply pipe 5, which has an adjustment air supply flap 6. In the upper part, the casing is connected to a chimney 7 equipped with a draft regulator 8. Water for heating enters through the nozzle 9 and exits through the nozzle 10. The boiler body is made with a cover 11, and the grate 12 is installed in the housing. The air supply pipe 5 is connected to the telescopic distributor 13, made with the possibility of increasing it lengths from top to bottom as fuel burns. Changing the length of the telescopic distributor 13 can be done manually. Its fixation can be provided by means of shelves or a cable, which can be weakened in the process of fuel combustion. When this air distributor 13 is lowered down. Heat removal is carried out in the recovery zone 14.

In FIG. 4 shows the following structural elements of the device according to the second embodiment:

14 - fire chamber door;

15 - a door of adjustment of supply of primary air;

16 - pipe outlet water;

17 - the gate of the chimney;

18 - pipe water inlet;

19 - door technological window;

20 - window for secondary air intake;

21 - side water shirt;

22 - top water shirt;

23 - the lower chamber of the secondary air;

24 - an additional water shirt in the front;

25 - chamber for the afterburning of exhaust gases;

26 - a chamber for discharging flue gases into the chimney;

27 - the chamber of the furnace;

28 - shelf for grate;

29 - the floor of the combustion chamber;

30 - horizontal wall;

31 - injector for supplying secondary air.

The solid fuel boiler according to the second embodiment comprises a housing, in the front part of which there is a furnace door 14 and a primary air supply adjustment door 15 (a window through which air enters is a primary air supply means). Water for heating enters through the pipe 18 and exits through the pipe 16. The pipes 16, 18 are pipes of the first circuit, including all water jackets. In the upper part, the housing is connected to a chimney equipped with a gate 17 with a damper regulator. In addition, a technological window is provided in the front of the casing with a door 19. In the lower part of the casing there is a window for collecting secondary air 20. The boiler provides for a side water jacket 21 and an upper water jacket 22. In the lower part there is a secondary air chamber 23, from which receives secondary air through window 20. An additional water jacket 24 is provided in the front part. The boiler contains several chambers: an exhaust gas afterburner 25 located between the chamber for discharge into the chimney from flue gases 26 and the chamber of the furnace 27, including the grate, the shelf for grates 29 and the floor of the chamber 29, in which a window is made for the intake of secondary air 20.

The chamber of the afterburning of exhaust gases 25 has a chamotte lining. It is formed by horizontal walls 30 separating the afterburning chamber 25 from the furnace chamber 27 and the chamber for exhaust gas 26 discharge into the chimney. At the same time, the secondary air injector 31 is located in the afterburning chamber 25 connected to the secondary air supply pipe passing through the furnace chamber 27 and providing the ability to supply secondary air from bottom to top from the secondary air chamber 23, made under the furnace chamber 27.

A heat exchanger is provided in the chamber for discharging exhaust gas 26 into the chimney 26, containing two packages of horizontal pipes, which are placed in the chamber for discharging exhaust gas 26 into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases (at different angles) and allow the turbulence of the exhaust gas flow. At the same time, pipes along the entire length are washed by exhaust gases to ensure heat removal and water heating. In addition, the coupling of the electric heating element is integrated in the heat exchanger.

The boiler also has secondary water inlet and outlet pipes, including a heat exchanger.

The boiler according to the second embodiment provides water for heating the room from the first circuit, and hot water for water supply from the second circuit.

In FIG. 5 shows the following structural elements of the device according to the third embodiment:

32 - fire chamber door;

33 - a door for adjusting the supply of primary air;

34 - pipe outlet water;

35 - water supply pipe;

36 - door technological window;

37 - a window for taking secondary air;

38 - side water shirt;

39 - top water shirt;

40 - back water shirt;

41 - lower chamber of the secondary air;

42 - front secondary air chamber;

43 - chamber for the afterburning of exhaust gases;

44 - a chamber for discharging flue gases into the chimney;

45 - fire chamber;

46 - upper horizontal wall;

47 - shelf for grate;

48 - floor of the combustion chamber;

49 - lower horizontal wall;

50 - injector for supplying secondary air.

The solid fuel boiler according to the second embodiment comprises a housing, in the front part of which there is a furnace door 32 and a primary air supply adjustment door 33 (a window through which air enters is a primary air supply means). Water for heating enters through the nozzle 35 and exits through the nozzle 34. In the upper part of the housing is connected to a chimney equipped with a gate with a damper regulator. In addition, in the front of the housing there is a technological window provided with a door 36. In the lower part of the housing there is a window for collecting secondary air 37 (means for supplying secondary air). The boiler provides for a side water jacket 38 and an upper water jacket 39. In the lower part there is a secondary air chamber 41 from which secondary air enters the front secondary air chamber 42. The boiler contains several chambers: an exhaust gas afterburner 43 located between the exhaust chamber in the chimney of exhaust gases 44 and the chamber of the furnace 45, including a grate, a shelf for grates 47 and the floor of the chamber 48.

The afterburning chamber of the exhaust gases 43 has a chamotte lining. It is formed by horizontal walls 46, 49 separating the afterburning chamber 43 from the furnace chamber 45 and the chamber for discharging exhaust gases 44 into the chimney. At the same time, the secondary air injector 50 is connected to the secondary secondary air supply chamber 42 in the afterburning chamber 43. The intake window secondary air 37 is connected to the lower secondary air chamber 41 in communication with the front secondary air supply chamber 42.

The boiler according to the first embodiment works as follows.

Firewood, wood briquettes, wood waste are used as fuel.

The boiler must be connected directly to the chimney, as well as to the heating system using couplings. Fill the entire installation with water.

Before lighting the boiler, it is necessary to fully open the gate valve 8 and completely close the air supply gate 6. The air distributor 13 must be lifted and fixed on special shelves.

The boiler is loaded with firewood (briquette or wood waste), which is stacked as densely as possible. A dense stacking of fuel will allow it to burn better. With a tight stacking of fuel, more is placed, which will lead to a longer operation of the boiler.

On top of the stacked fuel, if it is firewood or briquettes, pour a little shavings to ignite the boiler.

Lower the air distributor 13 onto small chips or shavings; singe the chips, wait until the chips (or chips) burn out. Usually it is 20-30 seconds.

Close the loading door 4 and immediately open the air shutter 6. The fuel flares up in the center under the air distributor 13 (usually about a minute), then they close the air supply shutter 6 and set the desired temperature on an automatic draft regulator (for example, HONEYWELL (USA)), which will independently close and open the air supply shutter. Leave in this position until the system warms up. After warming up the system, the shutter 6 closes to the required level (depends on the required boiler operation power). As the fuel burns, the air distributor 13 moves apart and the air supply is adjusted using the adjusting flap 6.

The draft in the chimney 7 affects the duration of the boiler - the stronger the draft, the more powerful the boiler burns, but the duration of the boiler decreases.

The boiler according to the second embodiment works as follows.

For long-burning boilers with surviving flue gases, the main type of fuel is firewood or sawdust briquettes, coal can also be used as an alternative fuel.

Open the door of the furnace 14, lay paper or wood chips for ignition. Install the air supply adjustment door 15 at an angle of 45 °, open the gate 17 (using the damper regulator) in the chimney exhaust pipe completely to ensure maximum traction. They set fire to wood chips or paper, report a few small firewood to the resulting fire, close the fire door 14. Then 1/3 of the fire chamber chambers are laid with firewood.

After five to seven minutes, they lay the firebox completely with firewood. After that, the air supply adjustment door 15 must be half closed so that smoke does not escape through the air gap. After the air in the heated room heats up, cover the door for adjusting the air supply 15, leaving an air gap of about 3-5 mm. Then close half the gate 17 in the flue pipe. Thus, the correct operation of the boiler will be ensured and, accordingly, the most efficient and sufficiently long operating mode. The mode of operation of the boiler is also economical, since the afterburning of exhaust gases is carried out in the chamber 25. The secondary air entering the chamber 25 does not lower the temperature, since the secondary air supply pipe passes through the furnace chamber 27, which provides heating of the secondary air. In addition, the device effectively uses the heat of the exhaust gases. A heat exchanger is provided in the chamber for discharging exhaust gas 26 into the chimney 26, containing two packages of horizontal pipes, which are placed in the chamber for discharging exhaust gas 26 into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases (at different angles) and allow the turbulence of the exhaust gas flow. At the same time, pipes along the entire length are washed by exhaust gases to ensure heat removal and water heating.

The boiler according to the third embodiment works as follows.

For long-burning boilers with flue gas afterburning, firewood is the main type of fuel; coal can also be used as an alternative fuel.

Open the door of the furnace 32, lay paper or wood chips for ignition. Install the air supply adjustment door 33 at an angle of 45 °, open the gate (using the gate valve regulator) in the chimney exhaust pipe completely to ensure maximum traction. They set fire to wood chips or paper, report a few small firewood to the resulting fire, close the firebox door 32. Then, 1/3 of the firebox chamber is laid with firewood.

After five to seven minutes, they lay the firebox completely with firewood. After that, the air supply adjustment door 33 must be half closed so that smoke does not escape through the air gap. After the air in the heated room heats up, close the door to adjust the air supply 33, leaving an air gap of about 3-5 mm. Then close half the gate in the flue pipe. Thus, the correct operation of the boiler will be ensured and, accordingly, the most efficient and sufficiently long operating mode. The mode of operation of the boiler is also economical, since in the chamber 43 is the afterburning of exhaust gases. The secondary air entering the chamber 43 does not lower the temperature in the chambers of the boiler, since it heats up in the lower chamber of the secondary air 41 and continues to move to the front chamber 42.

Claims (5)

1. A solid fuel boiler containing a housing, a furnace chamber, a grate, an ash chamber, a water jacket, an air supply pipe with an automatic adjustment flap, a chimney with a gate valve regulator, water inlet and outlet pipes, characterized in that the air supply pipe is connected to a telescopic a distributor configured to increase its length from top to bottom as the fuel burns. 2. A solid fuel boiler comprising a housing, a side water jacket, a front water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket, a combustion chamber, a chamber for exhausting the flue gas into the chimney, a primary air supply means, a secondary air supply pipe, a chimney with a damper regulator gate, grate, water inlet and outlet pipes of the primary circuit, including a side water jacket, a rear water jacket, a front water jacket and an upper water jacket, a heat exchanger containing two horizontal packages pipes, characterized in that the pipes of the heat exchanger are placed in the chamber for discharging waste gas into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases and provide the possibility of turbulization of the exhaust gas flow and additional heat removal, in addition, the boiler further comprises an exhaust gas afterburner formed by horizontal walls separating the chamber afterburning from the combustion chamber chamber and the chamber for exhaust gas discharge into the chimney, while in the afterburning chamber there is a secondary air injector connected to the supply pipe to toric air passing through the furnace chamber and providing the possibility of supplying secondary air from the bottom upward from the secondary air chamber and heating it, made under the furnace chamber, secondary water inlet and outlet pipes, including a heat exchanger. 3. The boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the exhaust gas afterburner has chamotte lining. 4. A solid fuel boiler comprising a housing, a side water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket, a furnace chamber, a chamber for exhausting flue gases into the chimney, primary and secondary air supply means, a chimney with a gate valve regulator, a grate, an input branch pipe and water outlet of the water circuit, including a side water jacket, a rear water jacket and an upper water jacket, characterized in that the boiler further comprises an exhaust gas afterburner formed by horizontal walls they separate the afterburner chamber from the furnace chamber and the chamber for exhaust gas discharge into the chimney, while in the afterburner there is a secondary air injector connected to the front secondary air supply chamber, in addition, in the lower part of the boiler there is a window for secondary air intake connected with the lower secondary air chamber in communication with the front secondary air supply chamber. 5. The boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that the exhaust gas afterburner has chamotte lining.

Images