RU2485414C2 - Heating boiler operating on firewood - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: in a heating boiler operating on firewood comprising a casing with at least one door, nozzles of water supply and drain and a stack. Upper, lower, rear and side walls of the casing and also stack walls are made as hollow. Inner cavities of the above walls are made as capable of communication both between each other and with nozzles of water supply and drain. The casing is divided with horizontal hollow partitions into furnaces, besides, partitions along the length are made as shorter than the casing length and are fixed to the front or rear part of the casing in staggered order. Cavities of partitions communicate with cavities in the casing walls. The boiler comprises ventilation pipes, horizontally fixed to the body, designed to supply air into the zone of burning start in each furnace. The boiler casing may be divided into furnaces by two horizontal hollow partitions. Horizontal hollow partitions may be fixed to front or rear part of the casing in staggered order. The stack may be arranged in the front part of the casing. The casing may be divided into at least two furnaces. A heat exchanger may be installed on the stack. Ventilation pipes may be equipped with limiters from reinforcement wire. Ventilation pipes may be equipped with gates installed on the casing. The boiler casing may be made of metal.

EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption and higher efficiency.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water heating devices and can be used for heating low-rise buildings, individual houses, as well as various domestic and industrial facilities.

A well-known boiler according to copyright certificate No. 365533, containing a water-cooled firebox and chimney enclosed in a water jacket located in the furnace, while in order to increase the heating surface and increase the water pressure in the heating system, the chimney is enclosed in a water-cooled casing connected on water with a shirt, and the lower part of the casing is made in the form of a confuser.

Known hot water boiler according to patent No. 2133413, containing a chimney equipped with a water jacket with a water discharge pipe in the upper part of the shirt, a cold water supply pipe, a furnace with water-cooled upper, rear and two side sections located inside it, between which the upper group of heat-exchange elements are located at the exit of the flue gases and the lower group of heat-exchange elements, while the upper water-cooled section is made with a rise at an angle of 3-5 ° to the horizontal, and the upper group of heat-exchange elements and the supply pipe cold water are installed at an angle of 8-10 ° to the opposite walls of the side sections.

Known hot water boiler according to patent No. 2409793, containing a chimney equipped with a water jacket with a water outlet in the upper part of the shirt, a cold water supply pipe, a furnace with water-cooled upper, rear and two side sections located between it, between which the upper group of heat-exchange elements are located and the lower group of heat-exchange elements with a grate, the upper water-cooled section is made with a rise at an angle of 3-5 ° to the horizontal, and the upper group of heat-exchange elements is installed at an angle of 8-10 ° to opposite the walls of the side sections, while the boiler further comprises a lower water-cooled section, and the upper group of heat exchange elements consists of two heat exchange elements, each of which is made of pipes connected by plates and located one above the other, with the lower heat exchange element installed with a gap relative to the rear water-cooled section, and the upper heat-exchange element is installed with a gap with respect to the front wall. The boiler according to patent No. 2409793 can be taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of all the aforementioned boilers is the low productivity due to the rapid combustion of fuel.

Technical results achieved using the claimed invention:

- reduction in fuel consumption;

- increased productivity, that is, an increase in the duration of fuel combustion by more than 2 times;

- universality;

- increased efficiency when used.

Technical results are achieved due to the fact that in a wood-fired heating boiler containing a housing with at least one door, water inlet and outlet pipes and a chimney, the upper, lower, rear and side walls of the casing, as well as the walls of the chimney hollow, while the internal cavities of the above walls are made with the possibility of communication both with each other and with water inlet and outlet pipes, the casing is divided by horizontal hollow partitions into fireboxes, and the partitions are shorter in length ins housing and attached to the front or rear of the chassis in staggered baffles cavity communicating with the cavity in the wall of the housing; the boiler contains ventilation pipes horizontally attached to the body, designed to supply air to the combustion zone of each furnace.

The boiler body can be divided into furnaces by two horizontal hollow partitions.

Horizontal hollow partitions can be staggered to the front or back of the case.

The chimney can be located in front of the housing.

The body can be divided into at least two furnaces.

A heat exchanger can be installed on the chimney.

Ventilation pipes can be equipped with reinforcing wire limiters.

Ventilation pipes can be equipped with dampers located on the housing.

The boiler body can be made of metal.

Separation of the boiler body with horizontal partitions allows you to get several furnaces. The horizontal partitions are hollow and designed to be filled with water. This solution allows you to separate one furnace from another and provide independent combustion of fuel in each of the furnaces due to water insulation. In addition, the water in the cavities of the walls heats up very quickly due to its close proximity to the fire. Thus, the presence of hollow horizontal partitions allows not only to obtain several furnaces in one housing, but also to increase the efficiency of the boiler due to the rapid heating of water in the cavities of the partitions.

The cavities of the horizontal partitions must communicate with the cavities of the casing and the chimney to ensure the circulation of cold and hot water.

Horizontal partitions are attached to the front or rear wall of the housing, as well as to the side walls of the housing. The length of the partition is shorter than the length of the housing so that between the front or rear wall of the housing (depending on which of the walls - front or rear - the partition is attached) and the edge of the partition itself, a gap remains. Thus, the partitions are attached to the housing from three sides - the front or back and two sides, and one of the sides lags behind the wall of the housing. This gap is necessary for the fireboxes to communicate with each other, that is, to ensure a continuous combustion process. The checkerboard placement of horizontal partitions inside the case serves the same purpose, that is, partitions are alternately attached to either the front or back walls of the case. Thus, the common firebox inside the casing takes a zigzag shape, and the fuel burns continuously, passing from one firebox to another through the gap. Such a combustion process allows you to save fuel due to the fact that the wood does not burn entirely, but alternately in each of the furnaces, that is, the burning time of the same volume of firewood increases and during this time a larger volume of water has time to heat up.

The operation of the entire boiler is based on providing the possibility of burning only the final part of the firewood. The final part refers to the joint of the whole part of the log - the burnt part of the log. Thus, the burning of firewood begins in the zone of the burning of the first (topmost) firebox, in the place of the initial burning of firewood, and then burning continues only at the junction of the whole part of the log - the burned part of the log, that is, only the ends of the wood burn. This allows you to significantly save fuel and increase the duration of combustion, which means to increase the efficiency of using the inventive boiler.

To enable such combustion, the chimney can be located in front of the housing, closer to the doors. Due to this arrangement of the pipe, the onset of combustion occurs in the draft zone from the door to the chimney, that is, firewood is burned near the door. After this, only the ends of the wood continue to burn, and the flame advances towards the rear wall of the boiler as it burns. After the fuel in the first firebox burns out, the flame is thrown through the gap into the second (top) firebox. To ensure the possibility of supplying oxygen to the zone of the beginning of combustion of the second furnace, which is located near the rear wall of the boiler, to create the necessary traction, the claimed solution provides for ventilation pipes. It is advisable to make the boiler so that the ventilation pipes are attached to the front of the housing. This will improve ease of use. The ventilation pipe must be of such a length that it can provide oxygen access precisely to the zone of the onset of combustion of each of the furnaces. Thus, if the combustion zone of the combustion chamber is located closer to the front of the casing, the ventilation pipe should be comparable in length with the gap between the edge of the partition and the casing wall. If the zone of the beginning of the combustion of the furnace is located near the rear of the casing, the ventilation pipe should be comparable in length with the length of the horizontal partition.

To ensure the possibility of the location of the chimney both in the front of the housing and in the rear, in the upper firebox, a ventilation pipe is also provided. When the chimney is located in the front of the casing, the presence of a ventilation pipe, commensurate with the gap between the edge of the partition and the wall of the casing, allows free access of oxygen to the chimney inlet to create the necessary draft with the door closed tightly. When the chimney is located in the rear of the casing, the ventilation pipe must be commensurate with the length of the horizontal partition to provide oxygen access to the chimney inlet and create the necessary draft.

When the chimney is located in the rear of the casing, the firewood is laid in the upper firebox near the rear wall, that is, at the base of the chimney, and is set on fire. While these firewood is burning up, fuel is laid in the remaining free part of the upper firebox and in the fireboxes located below. After this, the burning of firewood occurs in the same way as if the pipe was located in the front of the boiler, that is, gradually, passing from the upper furnaces to the lower ones.

Thus, the length of the ventilation pipe of a particular furnace will depend on the location of the partition and the chimney so as to provide oxygen precisely to the zone of the onset of combustion and create the necessary draft to ensure gradual combustion of the fuel. At the same time, the combustion beginning zone of the uppermost furnace is located at the base of the chimney, and the combustion zone of the underlying furnace is located near the free edge of the overlying partition.

For more convenient use of the inventive boiler, the ventilation pipes can be additionally equipped with limiters made of reinforcing wire. Such limiters are necessary when using wad of paper, cardboard or other flammable materials. The wads can be inserted into the ventilation pipes, firstly, to block the flow of air into the lower furnaces and ensure that the air supply starts at the right time. To do this, they are carried out according to the diameter of the ventilation pipes, are inserted into the ventilation pipes of the lower furnaces and are advanced with the help of a ramrod to the end of the pipe. In this case, a limiter is necessary so that the wad does not fall out of the ventilation pipe into the furnace. Secondly, the use of wad allows you to accelerate the combustion of fuel in the zone of the beginning of combustion of the lower furnaces. When all the wood burns out in the top firebox, the coals through the gap between the edge of the partition and the wall of the body fall into the firebox located below. If there is a wad in this firebox, sparks will fall on flammable material, and the wad will perform the function of kindling.

Restrictors on ventilation pipes should be made of reinforcing wire due to its high heat resistance.

Ventilation pipes can be additionally equipped with dampers located on the housing of the claimed technical solution. Dampers are required to control the amount of air supplied through the ventilation pipes to the furnace.

The inventive boiler can be additionally equipped with a heat exchanger located on the chimney. Such a heat exchanger is installed on the chimney with the formation of an annular cavity, if the chimney is round, or cavities of a different shape, depending on the shape of the pipe. The heat exchanger is also equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging water, and the nozzles for supplying and discharging water communicate with a cavity formed inside the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger allows, if necessary, to provide additional heating of the water for hot water supply. It is advisable to weld the heat exchanger to the chimney and boiler body to seal and improve heat transfer.

The inventive boiler can operate on coal. In this case, it will work like a normal boiler without the effect of gradual burning of fuel. For this, the boiler body must be additionally equipped with a grate installed in the bottom of the boiler and an ash pan. The ash pan can be made of metal or brick.

The boiler body is expediently made of metal, since metals have a high melting point and high thermal conductivity.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive heating boiler, powered by wood.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the inventive heating boiler, powered by wood.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of the inventive heating boiler, powered by wood.

Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of the inventive heating boiler, which runs on wood, with a chimney located in the rear of the housing.

According to the drawings, the inventive wood-fired heating boiler consists of a housing (1) with cavities inside the walls (2), a pipe for supplying cold water (4) located in the lower part of the housing (1), and a chimney (3) also with cavities inside the walls (2). The chimney (2) is located in front of the housing (1). In the upper part of the chimney (3) there is a pipe for draining hot water (5). On the front wall of the housing (1), there are outside doors (6) intended for laying firewood.

Three fireboxes (9), (10) and (11) are formed inside the housing (1). These fire chambers are obtained by dividing the internal space of the housing (1) into three parts using horizontal partitions (7) and (8). Moreover, the horizontal partitions (7) and (8) inside are hollow and these cavities communicate with the cavities in the walls of the housing (1). The horizontal partition (7) is attached to the walls of the housing (1) in its front part, and the horizontal partition (8) is attached to the walls of the housing (1) in its rear part. A ventilation pipe (12) is placed inside the furnace (10), and a ventilation pipe (13) inside the furnace (11). Vent pipes (12) and (13) are attached at one end to the front wall of the housing (1), and at the other end of each pipe are placed stops (14) and (15), which are made of reinforcing wire. Outside, on the front wall of the housing (1), in the place where the ventilation pipes (12) and (13) are attached to it, there are flaps (16) and (17) designed to control the amount of air entering the furnaces (10) and (11).

On the chimney (3), in its lower part there is a heat exchanger (18) with cavities inside the walls. In the lower part of the heat exchanger (18) there is a pipe for supplying cold water (19), and in its upper part there is a pipe for draining hot water (20). The cavities inside the walls of the chimney (3) communicate with the nozzles (19) and (20) to allow the circulation of cold and hot water.

The heating boiler may differ in the placement of horizontal partitions, but the principle of fuel combustion in such boilers is the same. Firewood of any wood species can be used as fuel. The size of the boiler itself can also be different depending on the volume of the room, the required temperature, thermal insulation of the room, the required duration of fuel combustion with a one-time laying of firewood and the desire of the consumer.

Water in the cavity (2) of the boiler body (1), the cavity of the horizontal partitions (7) and (8), as well as in the cavity of the chimney (3) is supplied through a water supply pipe (4). Firewood is laid in all fire chambers as tightly as possible, the lower door closes tightly, and paper wads are inserted into the ventilation pipes (12) and (13), rolled into a ball along the diameter of the pipes. Paper wads are advanced with the help of a ramrod to the end of each ventilation pipe until it stops in the stops (14) and (15), which are made of reinforcing wire and welded to the ends of the ventilation pipes. Thus, the flow of air into the furnaces (10) and (11) is blocked. Firewood in the firebox (9) is set on fire, the upper door does not close tightly, providing air access to the burning site. The chimney (3) is located in the front of the boiler, so combustion takes place in the draft zone from the upper door to the chimney. Since air access to the furnace (9) is limited by the upper door, oxygen burns in the draft zone until the firewood located between the upper door and the chimney completely burns out. After that, only the ends of the wood burn, since the chimney is located behind the combustion zone. Thus, as the firewood burns, the flame advances to the rear wall of the boiler. Firewood in the firebox (10) is separated from the firewood in the firebox (9) by a horizontal partition (7), the cavity of which is filled with water. Between the partition (7) and the rear wall of the boiler there is a gap connecting the furnaces (9) and (10). When the burning of firewood in the firebox (9) reaches the rear wall of the boiler, burning coals fall on the firewood in the firebox (10), these fires ignite, the paper in the ventilation pipe (12) burns and air begins to flow into the firebox (10). Since air will enter the end of the furnace (10) and in a limited amount, only the ends of the wood will burn. So the fire will gradually move along the firebox (10) to the front wall of the boiler. Firewood located in the furnace (11) is separated from the firewood in the furnace (10) by a horizontal partition (8), the cavity of which is also filled with water. Between the partition (8) and the front wall of the boiler there is a gap connecting the furnaces (10) and (11). When the burning of firewood in the furnace (10) reaches the front wall of the boiler, the coals will fall on the firewood located in the furnace (11). Firewood that is in the firebox (11) will ignite, the paper in the ventilation pipe (13) will burn and air will begin to flow into the firebox (11). Firewood burning in the firebox (11) will occur similarly to burning in the firebox (10). Water heated in the boiler body (1), horizontal partitions (7) and (8), as well as in the chimney (3), will rise up to the water outlet pipe (5) connected to the heating system.

An additional heat exchanger (18) is installed on the boiler, through which a chimney (3) passes. Cold water is supplied under constant pressure through the water supply pipe (19), it is heated from the chimney (3), and then the heated water rises up the heat exchanger and exits through the water discharge pipe (20).

If the chimney (3) is located at the rear of the boiler, the firewood is laid at the end of the firebox (9) and set on fire. While firewood is burning up, the remaining part of the firebox (9) and the firebox (10) are filled with fuel. Air will enter the firebox (9) through the ventilation pipe (12), and into the firebox (10) through the ventilation pipe (13). Firewood burning in the furnaces (9) and (10) will occur, as already described above.

The claimed technical solution eliminates all the disadvantages that are available in analogues, and, in addition, is simple to manufacture.

Claims (9)

1. A wood-fired heating boiler, comprising a housing with at least one door, water inlet and outlet pipes and a chimney, upper, lower, rear and side walls of the housing, as well as the walls of the chimney, are hollow, while the internal cavities of the above walls made with the possibility of communication, both with each other, and with pipes for supplying and discharging water, characterized in that the casing is divided by at least one horizontal hollow partition into the furnaces, and the partition in length is shorter than the length of the casing and attached ene to the front or rear portion of the housing, the partition cavity is communicated with the cavities in the walls of the housing; the boiler contains at least one ventilation pipe horizontally attached to the casing, designed to supply air to the combustion zone of each furnace, the combustion zone of the upper furnace is located at the base of the chimney, and the combustion zone of the underlying furnace is located near the free edge of the overlying partition. 2. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is divided into furnaces by two horizontal hollow partitions. 3. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the horizontal hollow partitions are staggered to the front or back of the housing. 4. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney is located in front of the housing. 5. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is divided into at least two furnaces. 6. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger is installed on the chimney. 7. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation pipes are equipped with reinforcing wire limiters. 8. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation pipes are provided with dampers located on the housing. 9. A wood-fired heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made of metal.

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