EA035910B1 - Heating boiler with a swirl afterburning chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to heating boilers with a swirl afterburning chamber and may be used for environment-friendly burning of all types of solid and liquid fluid, and for domestic waste disposal. The technical result is: higher combustion temperature in the chamber, higher burning efficiency due to built-in air ducts which ensure helical swirling and holding of gas-air mixture in the maximum temperature area. This is achieved by means of a heating boiler, which comprises a rectangular furnace, an afterburner (8), a swirl afterburning chamber (9), a heat exchanger (5, 15) and a flue duct (7), wherein the swirl afterburning chamber (9) is connected to the furnace by a wedge-shaped transition piece (13), which forms a rear well (15) of the heat exchanger and is made in the form of a cylindrical chamber with built-in air ducts (10) that provide helical swirling and holding of gas-air mixture in the maximum temperature area; two exhaust gas outlet windows are provided in the bottom part of said cylindrical chamber (9), and the afterburner (8) is placed in the top part of the cylindrical chamber (9).

Description

The invention relates to heating boilers with a vortex afterburner and can be used for environmentally friendly combustion of all types of solid and liquid fuels, as well as the disposal of household waste.

Known heating boiler, which describes the afterburner chamber, selected as the closest analogue, in the form of a horizontally located cylindrical pipe with a plugged end and holes on its surface. The afterburner chamber is made with longitudinal inclined ribs on the lateral surface and holes between them and is equipped with a reaction chamber in the form of a cylinder with holes on the lateral surface, placed in it coaxially and with an annular gap, which is connected to the forced feed channel of the oxidizer, and the reaction chamber is connected to a heat exchanger through a catalyst installed in its free end (EA 020432 B1, 28.11.2014).

The disadvantage of this analogue is the insufficiently high combustion temperature, low combustion efficiency.

The objective of the invention is to create an improved design of a heating boiler with a vortex afterburner chamber that provides the highest combustion efficiency in the chamber.

The technical result is an increase in the combustion temperature in the chamber, an increase in the combustion efficiency due to the built-in air ducts, which ensure that the gas-air mixture swirls in the form of a spiral and its delay in the zone of maximum temperatures. The supply of secondary air (mixer effect) before and after the afterburner (in the afterburner) contributes to the enrichment of the gas-air mixture with oxygen, which leads to better combustion. The vortex flow in the process of the combustion reaction reaches the bottom and partially reflected again rises upward into the rotation medium, which contributes to a longer stay of solid particles in the combustion reaction zone.

This is achieved by the fact that the heating boiler contains a rectangular furnace, an afterburner (8), an afterburner vortex chamber (9), a heat exchanger (5, 15) and a chimney (7), and the afterburner vortex chamber (9) is connected to the firebox by a wedge-shaped transition (13) with the formation of the rear well (15) of the heat exchanger and is a cylindrical chamber with built-in air ducts (10) made with the possibility of twisting in the form of a spiral of the gas-air mixture and its delay in the zone of maximum temperatures, in the lower part of the said cylindrical chamber (9) there are two windows for the outlet of the burnt gases, and the afterburner (8) is located in the upper part of the cylindrical chamber (9).

Also, the mentioned cylindrical chamber (9) is made of ceramics or fireclay bricks, the mentioned transition (13) is made of solid fireclay bricks, and the mentioned afterburner (8) is made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks arranged in a circle with built-in windows (17) in a checkerboard pattern ...

In front of the mentioned afterburner (8), an additional channel is installed for supplying air passing through the vortex chamber (9) of the afterburner, and the said heat exchanger (5, 15) is configured to be connected to the heat supply network.

FIG. 1-3 shows a visual diagram of a heating boiler with a vortex afterburner chamber, including the following elements: 1 - coal loading hatch; 2 - hatch for cleaning the upper well of the heat exchanger; 3 - ash pan hatch; 4 - grates; 5 - upper well of the heat exchanger; 6 - coal; 7 - chimney; 8 afterburner; 9 - afterburner vortex chamber; 10 - air duct; 11 - fireclay screen of the furnace; 12 - rear well of the heat exchanger; 13 - wedge-shaped transition; 15 - rear well of the heat exchanger; 16 - upper well of the heat exchanger; 17 - afterburner window.

The afterburner vortex chamber is a cylindrical chamber equipped with a wedge-shaped transition (13) connected to the firebox, built-in air ducts (10) located inside the cylindrical chamber, and an afterburner (8) located in the upper part of the cylindrical chamber.

The afterburner (8) is made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks arranged in a circle with built-in windows in a checkerboard pattern.

In front of the afterburner, an additional air supply channel is installed, passing through the vortex chamber of the afterburner, and in the lower part of the cylindrical chamber there are two windows for the outlet of burnt gases.

Heat exchangers are located in the upper and lateral parts of the cylindrical chamber and are connected to the heating network.

The invention is carried out as follows.

Example. The process begins with unloading fuel into the primary furnace. It is a rectangular chamber with water grates having a special insulating slag jacket in order to increase the combustion temperature in the chamber.

The side walls of the chamber and the ceiling-screen are made of fireclay bricks. There is a rectangular ash pan under the chamber with a built-in blower fan. At the rear of the chamber there is a wedge-shaped transition to the afterburner vortex chamber. The passage is also made of solid fireclay bricks.

In the primary furnace, the fuel ignites and the combustion products (gas-gas mixture) begin to move. The temperature in the primary chamber is 1100-1200 ° C. The movement of the gas-gas mixture occurs in the direction of the afterburner vortex chamber.

The afterburner is a ceramic cylinder (fireclay brick) with built-in

- 1 035910 air ducts.

The air ducts are arranged in such a way that the flow of the gas-air mixture swirls when moving through the chamber. Thus, the spiral movement of the flow of combustible particles allows the flow to be retained in the zone of maximum temperatures (1200-1600 ° C), thereby helping the combustion reaction to occur with maximum efficiency.

An afterburner is installed in the upper part of the afterburner. It consists of several rows of fireclay bricks (the row depends on the power of the installation). The brick in the afterburner is installed in a circle so that between the bricks (staggered) there are 65 by 70 mm windows.

Pre-cut the brick at an angle of 25-30 ° C so that the gas-air mixture passing through the windows has the desired direction of rotation.

In front of the afterburner, in the brickwork of the afterburner, we install channels for air supply. The ducts run through the entire body of the afterburner, thereby allowing the supply of combustion air for the maximum temperature.

The gas-gas mixture obtained by burning fuel in the primary furnace, passing through the wedge-shaped transition in front of the afterburner, mixes with the additionally supplied heated air, passes through the incandescent afterburner at an angle. The swirling hot mixture is picked up by air ducts that are built directly into the afterburner itself. They are also installed so that the flow of burning particles and gases swirls, thereby forcing it to spiral in the zone of maximum temperature for a greater distance than if the flow simply passed in a straight line.

At the bottom of the afterburner there are two windows for the outlet of burnt gases.

We install the water jacket so that the burnt gases rise up after the afterburner chamber, thereby warming the outer walls of the afterburner, which allows reaching the maximum temperature inside the chamber.

We install a heat exchanger above the afterburner and the primary firebox. It is made of sheet steel 4-5 mm and pipes with a diameter of 48-60 mm. The heat exchanger is also installed on the sides of the afterburner, but with the condition that its elements do not touch the brickwork of the afterburner. We connect the heat exchanger to the heating network.

Claims (6)

CLAIM 1. A heating boiler containing a rectangular furnace, an afterburner (8), a afterburner vortex chamber (9), a heat exchanger (5, 15) and a chimney (7), and the afterburner vortex chamber (9) is connected to the furnace by a wedge-shaped transition (13) to form rear well (15) of the heat exchanger and is a cylindrical chamber with built-in air ducts (10) made with the possibility of twisting in the form of a spiral of the gas-air mixture and its delay in the zone of maximum temperatures, in the lower part of the said cylindrical chamber (9) there are two windows for the exit of burnt-out gases, and the afterburner (8) is located in the upper part of the cylindrical chamber (9). 2. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein said cylindrical chamber (9) is made of ceramic or fireclay bricks. 3. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein said passage (13) is made of solid fireclay bricks. 4. A boiler according to claim 1, wherein said afterburner (8) is made in the form of rows of fireclay bricks arranged in a circle with built-in windows (17) in a checkerboard pattern. 5. Boiler according to claim 1, wherein in front of said afterburner (8) an air supply channel is additionally installed, passing through the vortex chamber (9) of the afterburner. 6. Boiler according to claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger (5, 15) is adapted to be connected to a heating network.