RU2350845C1 - Furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: furnace consists of the inner and the outer furnace packages with a chimney and an air vent. The inner furnace package consists of a combustion chamber equipped with a fire grate, an ash tray, a longitudinal baffle and cross-baffles, the baffles forming vertical and horizontal furnace gas ducts communicating with the chimney. The longitudinal baffle is arranged along the whole of the inner furnace package length with a clearance maintained between the baffle and the upper wall. The first cross baffle is arranged along the whole of the inner furnace package height between the longitudinal baffle and one of the side walls. The above longitudinal baffle and cross baffle are positioned so that to provide for formation of a downward duct and an upward duct. The second cross baffle is mounted under the ash tray so that to enable the longitudinal baffle resting on it and positioned so that a clearance is maintained between the baffle and the other side wall. The outer furnace package is mounted with a clearance maintained between it and the inner furnace package on all its sides; in the longitudinal baffle and the first cross baffle there are through-holes arranged accordingly connecting the furnace to the downward duct and the downward duct and the upward duct - to each other. The clearance between the longitudinal baffle and the inner furnace package upper wall is confined to the downward duct zone.

EFFECT: furnace design simplification combined with enhanced efficiency.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for heating rooms and can be used for heating domestic premises: houses, baths, cottages, garages, etc.

A furnace for heating and cooking is known, comprising a housing with a rotatable lid, a furnace with stove flooring, an afterburner with a secondary air supply channel and an air duct formed between the furnace and the walls of the housing with a fan, and an additional section is formed between the cover and the stove flooring air duct. (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1758344, IPC: F24B 7/02, 1990).

The disadvantage of this furnace is that the afterburning actually takes place in the furnace, some of the gaseous products of combustion do not have time to burn and enters the chimneys, and then into the chimney, which leads to heat loss and clogging of the channels with soot. In addition, the furnace does not have an external stove, which reduces the efficiency (efficiency) and, in addition, is not safe.

Closest to the proposed one is a furnace containing an external and internal furnace massifs with a chimney and a hole for air flow, while the internal furnace massif has a firebox with a grate, an ash pan and partitions forming vertical and horizontal channels for flue gases in communication with the chimney (patent for utility model No. 21306, IPC F24B 1/00, 2002).

The disadvantage of this furnace is the use of the gap between the internal and external masses of the furnace only for heat transfer, namely for heating secondary air, and therefore it is impossible to use heated secondary air to adjust draft, which in turn does not allow to increase efficiency.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the furnace and increase its efficiency.

The indicated technical effect is achieved due to the fact that the furnace contains an external and internal furnace massifs with a chimney and an air hole, while the internal furnace massif has a firebox with a grate, an ash pan, one longitudinal and two transverse partitions forming vertical and horizontal channels for flue gases communicated with the chimney. A longitudinal partition is located along the entire length of the internal furnace array with a gap relative to the upper wall, the first transverse partition is located along the entire height of the internal furnace array between the longitudinal partition and one side wall, and these longitudinal and transverse partitions are installed with the formation of the lowering and lifting channels. The second transverse partition is installed under the ash pan with the possibility of supporting a longitudinal partition on it and is located with a gap relative to the other side wall. The external furnace array is located with a gap relative to the internal furnace array on all its surfaces, holes are made in the longitudinal partition and in the first transverse partition connecting the firebox with the lowering channel and the lowering and lifting channels, respectively, and the gap between the longitudinal partition and the upper wall of the inner the furnace array is made in the zone of the lowering channel.

In this case, the air hole is made in the rear wall of the external furnace array, and the second transverse partition is made in one piece with the longitudinal partition.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings,

where in Fig.1 shows a furnace in isometry with a partial section;

figure 2 - the internal furnace massif of the furnace in isometry with a partial section;

figure 3 is a furnace, a front view in section;

 figure 4 is the same side view;

 figure 5 is the same, a top view;

 Fig.6 is a section aa in Fig.3;

 Fig.7 is a section bB in Fig.3;

 in Fig.8 is a section bb in Fig.5;

 figure 9 is a section GG in figure 5;

 figure 10 is a section DD in figure 5.

The furnace contains an external furnace array 1 and an internal furnace array 2. The internal furnace array 2 has a furnace 3, a grate 4, an ash pan 5, a longitudinal partition 6 and a transverse partition 7. The latter are located in a T-shape plan (Fig. 5), between the furnace 3 and the side wall 8 of the internal furnace array, with the formation of two vertical channels for flue gases: a lowering channel 9 and a lifting channel 10. A longitudinal partition 6 is located along the entire length of the internal furnace array 2 from the front wall 11 to the rear wall 12 and is distributed along vertical to the upper wall 13, located relative to it with a gap 14 in the zone of the lowering channel 9. The transverse partition 7 is located along the entire height of the internal furnace array 2 from the bottom 15 to the upper wall 13 and is distributed horizontally from the partition 6 to the side wall 8. In addition , there is a second transverse partition 16, on which the partition 6 rests. Partitions 6 and 16 are either rigidly connected to each other, or are made in one piece. The partition 16 is installed under the ash pan 5, adjacent to the bottom 15 and is located with a gap 17 relative to the side wall 18 of the internal furnace array 2. In the partition 6, a hole 19 is made connecting the firebox 3 to the lower channel 9. In the partition 7, a hole 20 is made connecting the lower channel 9 and the lifting channel 10 between themselves. The lifting channel 10 is in communication with the chimney through the outlet flange 21 and the hole 22 made in the rear wall 12.

The external furnace array 1 is located with a gap relative to the internal furnace array 2 on all its surfaces:

on the sides, back, front, top and bottom. The lower gap is formed due to the fact that the inner kiln 2 rests on the legs 23. In the front wall 24 of the outer kiln 1 there is an opening 25 under the door 31 of the furnace 3 and an opening 26 under the hopper 32 of the ash pan 5 for collecting ash. In the rear wall 27 there is an air hole 28 and an opening for the outlet flange 21. The horizontal channel 29 for flue gases is located under the ash pan 5. The number 30 is indicated under the furnace 3,

The internal stove 2 is made of fireclay or other heat-resistant blocks. When assembling the furnace, the blocks are placed on top of each other and fixed by installation grooves, and the tightness is ensured by a refractory ceramic cord.

External kiln 1 is made of whole slabs of granite or marble, interconnected by heat-compensating pins and their own gravity.

The furnace operates as follows.

Firewood is laid on the grate 4, the chimney valve is opened, to which the stove is connected, and the wood is set on fire. Flue gases begin to move.

The main flue gas stream exits the furnace 3, descends through the lowering channel 9, passes under the ash pan 5 along the horizontal channel 29, passes under the hearth 30 of the furnace and rises to the exit of the furnace — hole 22 — through the lifting channel 10. Opening 22 for the exit of flue gases from the stove can be made both in the rear wall 12, and in the side 8 or upper 13 walls of the internal furnace array 2. The auxiliary flue gas stream passes through the hole 19 in the partition 6 then through the hole 20 in the partition 7 and enters the lifting channel 10 and using It is used both for fuel afterburning (in a gaseous state) in the lowering 9 and lifting 10 channels, and for self-regulation of thrust, as creates initial traction when firing up the stove.

Afterburning is carried out with direct contact of the flame of the furnace 3 with particles of fuel in a gaseous state passing through the hole 19 in the partitions 6 and 7, respectively, between the furnace 3 and the lowering channel 9, as well as between the lowering 9 and lifting 10 channels.

Through the air hole 28, the air necessary for the combustion process enters the space between the outer 1 and inner 2 arrays. The air enters the ashpit 5. Hot air heated by the internal furnace array 2 exits through the same hole 28. When leaving the furnace, hot air reduces the flow of cold air (by increasing the occupied cross-sectional area of the hole 28 used to enter cold air). Thus, self-regulation of traction occurs.

The stove warms up from the floor. Thanks to the openings 19 and 20 in the partitions 6 and 7, flue gases are burned both in the lowering channel 9 and in the lifting channel 10, more uniform heating of the internal furnace massif and increased traction.

The double design of the furnace (external and internal furnace arrays) allows for a self-regulation process, in which at the initial moment when the furnace is kindled, the space between the arrays is not warmed up and cold air easily and in a large volume enters the furnace 3, and as the furnace warms up, the draft increases warmed air exits through air hole 28, reducing the flow of cold air.

The dual furnace design provides another advantage.

The internal furnace mass 2 heats up rather quickly (30 minutes after the start of the combustion process) and begins to transfer heat through the hole 28 in the walls of the external furnace mass 1, which allows the room to quickly heat up. After heating the room, the technological hole can be closed, and after the furnace is over the chimney valve 21 is closed, to which the furnace is connected. The location of the hole in the rear wall is optimal, as this ensures the symmetry of the air flows between the kiln arrays, which means a more uniform heating of the entire furnace. Now the air space between the furnace arrays serves as a heat insulator, which affects the passage of heat from the internal array to the external. Thus, the heat accumulated by the internal furnace mass for a long time is transferred to the room and stored for a long time, increasing the efficiency of the furnace, which has only three partitions in the internal furnace mass.

In addition, such a furnace is safe, since the external array 1 will prevent contact with the highly heated internal array 2, since the external array of the furnace consists of solid marble or granite slabs connected by heat-compensating pins and their own gravity. The heat-compensating pin is a piece of a metal tube of the required diameter with a longitudinal section of the tube wall, which forms a gap between the walls of the pins. Being inside the stone, when heated, the gap will decrease, which will not allow the pin to destroy the stone.

Claims (3)

1. A furnace containing external and internal stoves with a chimney and an air hole, while the inner stove has a firebox with a grate, an ash pan, longitudinal and transverse partitions forming vertical and horizontal channels for flue gases in communication with the chimney, characterized in that that the longitudinal partition is located along the entire length of the internal furnace array with a gap relative to the upper wall, the first transverse partition is located along the entire height of the internal furnace array between the longitudinal a partition and one side wall, wherein said longitudinal and transverse partitions are installed with the formation of the lowering and lifting channels, and the second transverse partition is installed under the ash pan with the possibility of supporting the longitudinal partition on it and is located with a gap relative to the other side wall, while the outer furnace array is located with a gap relative to the internal furnace massif on all its surfaces, in the longitudinal partition and in the first transverse partition, holes are made connecting accordingly, a furnace with a lowering channel and a lowering and lifting channels are between each other, and the gap between the longitudinal partition and the upper wall of the internal furnace array is made in the zone of the lowering channel. 2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the air hole is made in the rear wall of the outer furnace array. 3. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the second transverse partition is integral with the longitudinal partition.

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