RU65715U1 - CROWDER SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The coulter belongs to agricultural machinery, can be used in seeders-cultivators for scattering sowing and making fertilizers simultaneously with sowing or without it. It includes a lancet paw (1, Fig. 1), a receiver (2) and a distributor (3) of sowing material, a set of sublap space with flaps (4), and a reflector (5), tilted back to the opener movement. The distributor (3) has the shape of a wedge-shaped divider, installed in the sublap space on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver (2). The reflector (5) is located under the distributor (3). Moreover, the reflector (5) and the distributor (3) are installed in height remotely from each other. The distributor (3) has an inclination towards the opener movement. Above the reflector (5) is the front of the distributor (3). The receiver (2) is made in the form of a pipe having an elongated motion of the opener, in particular a rectangular, flow-through section. The upper part of the distributor (3) is located in the receiver (2), has contact with its front (6) or rear (7) wall with the formation of the opposite (7 or 6) and each side (8) passage walls (9) for sowing material. The coulter increases the uniform distribution of seeds and tuks across the width of the sublap space, even of the wide coulter (when grabbing its paws 300 ... 420 mm.). 9 s.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, can be used in seeders-cultivators for the diversified sowing of grain and other crops, as well as for the application of fertilizer during tillage with or without sowing.

Known openers for dispersed seeding and fertilizing - fertilizers (АСС 7/20: RU 2101906, 1998; RU 2164364, 2001; RU 2180993, 2002). Each of them has a lancet paw, a receiver and distributor of the sown material (seeds, seeds with tuks or tuks), as well as a arch for limiting from above the sublap space. The distributor is installed in the sublap space on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver. In the said openers, the distributors are made, respectively, in the form of a trihedral pyramid or a wedge-shaped divider with gable lateral and rear faces, or in the form of a cone mounted pivotally, with the top up, with the possibility of moving its base along the bottom of the furrow, revealed by the lancet paw of the opener, that is, along sowing bed.

Each opener-counterpart does not provide a high-quality distribution of seeds in the sublapar space, which is especially evident when the width of its lancet paw is about 300-420 mm. (opener with such a claw, then a wide opener).

The prototype of the claimed device is a coulter for seedless, that is, scatter, sowing (RU 2234208, C2, IPC 7 A01C 7/20, publ. 2004.08.20). It includes a lancet paw, a receiver and a distributor of seed, a set of sublap space and a reflector tilted back to the opener and located under the distributor. The latter has the form of a gable wedge-shaped divider. In particular, the distributor is made in the form of two symmetrical quadrangular wings bent to the opposite sides, curved along the brachistochrone (along the curve of the fastest descent). It is located in the sublap space on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver. Moreover, the distributor is mounted directly on the reflector and attached to it by the lower edges of its side walls (wings).

The presence of a reflector in the coulter prototype, on the one hand, prevents clogging of the distributor when the coulter is buried in the soil, and on the other hand, in comparison with the counterparts considered, it improves the quality of the spreading by conventional (not wide) coulters. However, the prototype does not provide proper uniformity of distribution of the sown material by the wide opener.

The reason for the lack of the prototype is a significant decrease in the speed of the particles of the sowing material by their friction when sliding along the reflector, arising immediately after the particles come off the distributor, which is fixed with its side walls-wings directly on the reflector.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of sowing material by a wide opener, by creating conditions for the flight of particles of this material after they leave the distributor before meeting with the reflector and the seed bed, that is, at least reducing the deficiency noted in the prototype, eliminating its cause. Since during the flight of particles the friction forces mentioned above do not work.

This problem is solved in that the claimed opener of the seeder-cultivator, as well as its prototype, includes a lancet paw, a receiver and distributor of seed, a set of sublap space and a reflector tilted back to the movement of the opener. The distributor has the shape of a wedge-shaped divider and is installed in the sublap space on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver. The reflector is located under the distributor. However, unlike the prototype, in the declared opener, the reflector and distributor are mounted remotely in height from each other. This means that a space is provided between the distributor and the reflector to separate them in height. The presence of such a space in combination with the other indicated features always creates the conditions for the flight of particles of the seed to be sown (in this space) after they leave the distributor before meeting with the reflector and the seed bed. Therefore, the named new set of common essential features of the declared opener in all cases of its implementation ensures the achievement of the technical result noted in the utility model problem.

In special cases, the distributor has a slope in the direction of movement of the opener, and the front of the distributor is located above the reflector. This increases the initial height, therefore, and is the flight range of the particles of the sowing material, coming down from the side surfaces of the distributor in the back, the widest part of the sublap space. The noted effect enhances the technical result provided by the utility model, and is especially important for a wide opener.

In addition, the receiver is made in the form of a pipe having an elongated motion of the opener, in particular a rectangular, bore. The top of the distributor is located in the receiver. It has contact with its front or rear wall with the formation at the opposite (respectively, at the rear or front) and at each side wall of the passage for sowing material. The named form of the receiver allows for an acceptable concentration of material flow in it to provide

necessary seeding and (or) fertilizer rates by the wide opener mentioned above. Placing the upper part of the distributor in the receiver additionally increases the initial height, otherwise - the range of the flight of the particles of the sowing material coming down from the side surfaces of the distributor, increasing the uniformity of their placement along the width of the sub-breech space, even a wide opener.

In addition, the arch of the sublap space contains right and left flaps fixed to the side walls at the bottom of the receiver. The reflector is attached to the flaps. A plate is mounted and fastened between the right and left flaps at the front wall of the receiver. A holder is attached to the front edge of this plate and to the receiver wall, connected to a lancet paw, for example, two bolts. This allows these coulter elements to be performed in the form of a unified welded unit, which makes the coulter manufacture more technologically advanced and makes it cheaper.

In addition, under the plate installed between the flaps, there is a stop, on the cantilever part of which a distributor is mounted, which has contact with the front wall of the receiver. This makes it possible to rationally mount a distributor over the reflector, in particular, of a welded structure.

In addition, in another case, the distributor is made of polyamide (for example, grade PA6 210 / 311-15 OST 606-09-83), has contact with the rear wall of the receiver, to which is attached a detachable, in particular screw, connection. This improves the manufacturing quality of the distributor of a given shape and can reduce the cost of the coulter.

In addition, above the distributor, the receiver cavity is divided into two channels by a guiding device for supplying the same (in composition and intensity) flows of seed material, respectively, from the first channel to one side of the distributor, and from the second to the other. When the material is fed into the receiver in two identical streams, in particular through two flexible seed tubes, these particular essential features additionally increase and maintain the uniform distribution of the sowing material when the coulter deviates from the vertical to the right or left, as a result of the lateral tilts of the working seeder.

In addition, the guide device has an upper transverse and lower longitudinal septum of the receiver cavity, directed from top to bottom along the central axis of this cavity. The upper part of the longitudinal septum has front and rear sections deflected in opposite directions, each of which is adjacent to the corresponding side wall of the receiver and connected to the lower part of the transverse septum. The lower part of the longitudinal partition is located above the top of the distributor. This set of features provides a fairly simple rational

the design of the guide device in the case of feeding the sowing material through two flexible seed tubes to the front and back of the input to the receiver.

In addition, in each channel of the receiver cavity, a deflecting shield is fixed under the inlet of the corresponding material flow from the transverse to the longitudinal part of this channel. The named shield increases the uniformity of seeding by distributing the flow of particles of the seed to be sown over the bore of the longitudinal (lower) part of the corresponding channel of the receiver cavity.

In addition, in the receiver cavity, above the distributor, an elongated transverse partition is made having upper and lower parts to separate this cavity into the front and rear channels. The upper part of the said partition is directed along the central axis of this cavity, and the lower one is deflected towards the front wall of the receiver so that the lower edge of the partition is above the area of the front end of the distributor. The said partition increases the reliability of ensuring the same concentration of material in the middle and in the peripheral parts of the strip sown by the coulter, including wide.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the declared opener with distributor welded construction, side view with local cuts, fragment; figure 2 is a section aa of figure 1; figure 3 - view B of figure 1, the vas deferens (situation), the shank of the paw, its stand and mounting bolts, here and in Fig.6, are not shown; figure 4 - the declared opener with a distributor of polyamide attached to the rear wall of the receiver with a guide device, side view with local cuts, fragment; figure 5 is a section bb In figure 4, a fragment; in Fig.6 is a view of G of Fig.4, a fragment; Fig.7 - remote element G Fig.6, a fragment; Fig.8 is a section DD DD of Fig.5, a fragment; Fig.9 - the declared opener with a distributor of polyamide attached to the rear wall of the receiver, having inside an elongated transverse partition, side view with local cuts, fragment.

In the drawings (figures 1-8), the following position designations are adopted: 1 - lancet paw; 2 - receiver; 3 - distributor; 4 - flaps of the arch of the sublap space; 5 - reflector; 6, 7 and 8 - front, back and two side walls of the receiver; 9 - passage for seed to be sited between the upper part of the distributor and the three walls of the receiver; 10 - plate fixed between the flaps; 11 - holder; 12 - a bolt connecting the holder, rack and lancet paws; 13 - emphasis for mounting the distributor of the welded structure; 14 - screw mounting of the distributor of polyamide; 15 - spring stand; 16 - flexible vas deferens; 17 - the shield is elastic; 18 and 19 - the first (left) and second channels of the receiver; 20 and 21 - transverse and longitudinal partitions of the receiver cavity; 22 and 23 - front and rear inclined sections of the longitudinal partition; 24 and 25 - deflecting shields of the first and second channels of the receiver; 26 and 27 - the upper and lower parts of the elongated transverse septum; 28 and 29 - front and rear channels of the receiver cavity.

The opener (FIGS. 1–9) has a lancet paw 1, a receiver 2 and a distributor 3 of seed, a set of sublap space with left and right flaps 4, and a reflector 5 tilted back to the opener movement. The distributor 3 has the shape of a wedge-shaped, in particular gable, divider. It is installed in the sublap space on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver 2 (Figs. 2, 5). The reflector 5 is located under the distributor 3. Moreover, the reflector 5 and the distributor 3 are installed in height remotely from each other, with the formation of space between them, in particular of variable height (Figs. 1, 4, 9), for the flight of particles of the seed material coming down from distributor 3. The latter has an inclination in the direction of movement of the opener. The receiver 2 is made in the form of a pipe having an elongated motion of the opener, in particular a rectangular, bore (Fig. 3, 6-8). The upper part of the distributor 3 is located in the receiver 2 and has contact with its wall: front 6 (Fig.1-3) or rear 7 (Fig.4-9). The opposite, that is, in the first example, the rear 7 (Fig.1-3), and in the second (Fig.4-8) and in the third (Fig.9) - the front 6, and each side 8 of the wall has a passage 9 for seed. This U-shaped passage is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinally vertical plane, the opener symmetry, which is necessary for the latter to work well.

The flaps 4 (Figs. 1-3, 4-6, 9), together with the wings of the paw 1, limiting the underlap space from above, are fixed below on the side walls 8 of the receiver 2. The reflector 5 is attached to the flaps 4. Between the right and left flaps 4, the front wall 6 of the receiver 2, a plate 10 is installed and fastened with them (Figs. 1, 3, 4, 6, 9), to the front edge of which and to the wall 6 of the receiver 2 a holder 11 is attached, connected by two bolts 12 to the lancet of the lancet paw 1 In the first example (Figs. 1-3), a support 13 is provided under the plate 10, in particular attached to it. On the cantilever Asti abutment 13 fixed rail 3 having contact with the front wall 6 of the receiver 2. The distributor 3 (Figures 1-3) comprises two symmetrical concave side walls, wings, interconnected with the abutment 13 by welding. In the second and third examples (Figs. 4, 8 and 9), the distributor 3 has contact with the rear wall 7 of the receiver 2, to which is attached a detachable, in particular screw, connection 14. Such a distributor 3 (Figs. 4, 5, 9) is made from polyamide, for example, grade PA6 210 / 311-15 OST 606-09-83, using a mold, which is rational for a large volume of coulter production.

In the examples considered (Figs. 1, 4, 9), the opener has a spring strut 15, the lower part of which is clamped by bolts 12 between the shank of the lancet paw 1 and the holder 11. The strut 15 is connected to the frame, and the receiver 2 is connected to two flexible

seed tubes 16, each of which is connected with the seed (grain) and fertilizer sowing devices of the seeder-cultivator (not shown). Below on the rear wall 7 of the receiver 2 there is an elastic shield 17 (Figs. 1, 3) designed to protect the distributor 3 from clogging with soil, and the particles of the seed to be sown from the bounce open from the furrow opened by the opener during operation.

To maintain uniform distribution of seed, when the coulter deviates from the vertical left or right, for example when sowing on slopes, it can be equipped with a guiding device. The latter, made in the receiver 2 (Figs. 4-8), divides its cavity above the distributor 3 into two channels: the first 18 and second 19, the upper parts of which are connected, respectively, with the first and second, in particular with the front and back, vas deferens 16 (Fig. 4). The first 18 and second 19 channels serve to feed the seed from one, in particular from the front, seed tube 16 to the left side of the distributor 3, and from the other (back) to the right.

The guiding device has an upper transverse 20 (Figs. 4-8) and a lower longitudinal 21 of the partition wall of the receiver 2, which are directed from top to bottom along the central axis of this cavity. The bottom of the longitudinal partition 21 is located above the top of the distributor 3, opposite it (Fig.4, 5). The upper part of the partition 21 has a front 22, inclined to the right, and rear 23, inclined to the left, sections adjacent (pressed or attached), respectively, to the right and left side walls 8 of the receiver 2 (Fig.4-7). The inclined sections 22 and 23 are connected to the lower part of the transverse partition 20. As a result, the partitions 20 and 21 with the inclined sections 22 and 23 divide the cavity of the receiver 2 into two channels, 18 and 19. In each of these channels a deflecting shield 24 or a corresponding one is fixed 25, located under the inlet of the corresponding material flow from the transverse (upper) to the longitudinal (lower: left or right) part of this channel (Figs. 4-8).

The third example (Fig. 9) is designed to increase (maintain) the uniformity of the distribution of material along the width of the sowing strip in cases of deviations of the axes of the seed tubes 16 at the entrance to the receiver 2 from directions parallel to the central axis of its cavity (Figs. 1, 9), which takes place in cultivating seeders. In this example (Fig. 9), an elongated transverse partition is provided in the cavity of the receiver 2, above the distributor 3. It has an upper 26 and lower 27 parts. This partition divides the cavity of the receiver 2 into the front 28 and rear 29 channels, each of which is connected to the corresponding vas deferens 16. The upper part 26 of the septum is directed along the central axis of the cavity of the receiver 2, and the lower 27 is deflected towards its front 6 wall. Moreover, the edge of the lower part 27 of the partition is located above the area of the front end of the distributor 3. It has been experimentally established that the rational limits of the distance are M, mm. (Fig.9) of this edge from the front wall 6

receiver 2 are determined by the ratio M = (0.9 ... 1.3) * N, where N is the distance from the front wall 6 of receiver 2 to the front end of the distributor 3, mm Moreover, deviations in the concentration of material in the middle and peripheral zones of the sown strip do not exceed the permissible value.

The coulter, as part of a seeder-cultivator, operates as follows.

In the working position, the opener (Figs. 1-9) moves in the soil at a predetermined sowing depth. With an arrow paw 1, he cuts the soil layer and weeds, opens the furrow and compacts its bottom, forming a sowing bed. The soil layer, raised by the paw 1, bypasses its shank, stand 15 and the receiver 2 located behind it, resting on the wings of the paw 1 and flaps 4. The seed, for example, a mixture of seeds of a grain crop with a starting dose of tufts, along the front and rear seed ducts 16 (figures 1, 4, 9), that is, two identical streams, enters the receiver 2.

In the first example (Figs. 1-3), the sowing material, leaving the seed tubes 16 and moving downward, is combined into one stream, evenly distributed over the bore of the receiver 2. Continuing movement, this material meets the distributor 3, flowing around its upper wedge-shaped part, is divided into three streams: left, right and middle, which, through the passage 9 (Figs. 1-3), provided for them, respectively, at each side 8 and back 7 of the walls of the receiver 2, enter the sublap space.

Particles of material of the left and right flows, moving along the concave surfaces of the side-wings of the distributor 3 (Fig.2), change the direction of their movement. Having left the dispenser 3, they scatter in the sub-sub-space, respectively, to the left and to the right of its plane of symmetry. Particles of material coming down from the front of the distributor 3, completing a flight in the air, meet with a reflector 5, sliding along it, slow down the speed (under the action of friction forces) and, sliding from it along curved trajectories, lie on the sowing bed. Particles of material coming from the rest (rear) of the wings of the distributor 3, inclined forward, begin to fly from a greater height, fly in the air, respectively, to the right and left, for long distances and fall on the seed bed near the wings of the lancet paw 1 (Fig. 1- 3), which increases the width of the sowing strip, bringing it closer to the width of the sublap space, even a wide opener.

Particles of the medium flow material through the passage 9 provided between the distributor 3 and the rear wall 7 of the receiver 2 (Figs. 1, 3) enter the sublap space and, falling in it, are placed on the seed bed, distributed in the middle zone of the strip sown by the opener. The uniform distribution of material in the middle and peripheral zones of the sown strip is provided by rational

the size of the passage 9 at the rear wall 7 of the receiver 2. The elastic shield 17 (Fig.1, 3) prevents clogging of the distributor 3 with soil and the emergence of seeds, for example rebounding, from the under-ice space.

In the second example (Figs. 4-8), the sowing material, leaving the front and back seed tubes 16, enters the upper parts, respectively, of the first 18 and second 19 channels, separated by a transverse partition 20. Sliding left and right along the front 22 and rear 23 inclined sections of the longitudinal partition 21 (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8), material from the upper parts, respectively, of the first 18 and second 19 channels is poured into their lower parts delimited by the partition 21. Overflowing, the material flows meet deflecting flaps 24 and 25, installed, respectively, in the first (left) 18 and in the second (right) 19 channels (Figs. 4-8). By deflecting the material flows, respectively, backward, in the first channel 18, and forward, in the second 19, the flaps 24 and 25 contribute to an even distribution of the material over the passage section of the lower part of each of these channels.

The flows of material of the same intensity and composition, evenly distributed over the sections of the first 18 and second 19 channels, move downward (crumble), respectively, to the left and right halves of the distributor 3. Since the lower edge of the longitudinal partition 21 is located above the top of the distributor 3 (Fig. 4 5), then, even with lateral deviations of the opener from the vertical, the same material flows indicated above are directed to the left and right halves of the distributor 3, that is, one of the main conditions for its uniform distribution is ensured the width of the strip sown by the coulter.

Particles of material that have met on their way a distributor 3 attached to the back wall 7 (Fig. 4), slide along its lateral sides and, leaving their concave surfaces, scatter left and right, meeting the seed bed, are distributed in the peripheral zones of the seed strips. Some of them, completing the flight, meet the reflector 5, slide along it, slowing down the speed under the action of friction, and descend along curved trajectories, distributed on the sowing bed.

Particles of material moving in the first 18 and second 19 channels, but not encountered with the distributor 3, through the passage 9 provided at the front wall 6 (Figs. 4, 8), enter the sublap space, meet with the reflector 5 inclined backwards, interacting with him and with flaps 4 (in the case of a rebound) are distributed in width. Descending from the reflector 5, these particles of material are placed on the seed bed, evenly distributed in the middle zone, which closes with the considered peripheral zones, providing a uniform strip sown by the coulter.

In the third example (Fig. 9), the seed material from the vas deferens 16 enters in the same streams into the front 28 and rear 29 channels, separated from each other by the upper 26 and the lower 27, deflected forward by the parts of the elongated transverse partition of the receiver cavity 2. Material flow passing through the front channel 28, is directed to the area of the front end of the distributor 3. This material flow through the passage 9, located between the front wall 6 of the receiver 2 and the distributor 3, enters the under-valve space, meets the reflector 5, in by interacting with it and with flaps 4, it is distributed in width. Descending from the reflector 5, tilted back to the coulter movement, particles of the material of this flow are laid on the sowing bed, filling the middle zone of the sowing strip.

The flow of material passing through the rear channel 29, lowering, uniformly fills its bore. Leaving the channel 29, he meets the top of the distributor 3, it is divided into two streams - right and left. Particles of the material of these flows, sliding along the sides of the distributor 3, enter the sublap space through the passages 9 provided at the side walls 8 of the receiver 2. Moving away from the distributor 3, the particles of material scatter, respectively, to the right and left, distributed along the width of the furrow open to the moving forward coulter. When meeting with the seedbed, these particles are distributed in peripheral zones that are adjacent to the middle zone of the sown strip, ensuring uniform distribution of material across its width. Particles of material that leave the distributor 3 above the reflector 5, ending the flight, meet with the reflector 5 and, sliding along its surface, under the influence of friction forces slow down the movement and leave it on the sowing bed.

In each of the considered examples, the sowing material, evenly distributed over the width of the sowing bed, that is, the compacted bottom of the furrow, open by the moving coulter, is covered with loosened soil layers descending from the wings of the paw 1 and from the flaps 4 (Figs. 1-6, 9). Behind the coulter, the soil covering the strip sown by it is leveled, compacted, etc., by other working bodies, in particular a cultivating seeder, which uses a coulter.

The work of the coulter of the seeder-cultivator only when sowing or - when making fertilizer is carried out similarly to its work, discussed above.

Other examples of implementation of the claimed opener are possible. In particular, it can have a receiver 2, which is at the same time a rigid rack of a lancet paw 1 connected to the frame of the seeder-cultivator and to the seed tubes 16. The latter can be connected to the receiver 2 through its front 6, rear 7 or side 8 walls. In this case, the receiver 2 may have a different guiding device.

Claims (10)

1. The coulter of the seeder-cultivator, which includes a lancet paw, a receiver and a distributor of seed to be sowed, a sub-valvular arch and a reflector tilted back to the coulter movement, the distributor being in the form of a wedge-shaped divider and installed in the sub-valve space on the way of the sown material from the receiver, and the reflector located under the distributor, characterized in that the reflector and the distributor are installed in height remotely from each other. 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributor has a slope in the direction of movement of the opener, and the front of the distributor is located above the reflector. 3. The coulter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the receiver is made in the form of a pipe having a coulter elongated by the movement of the coulter, in particular a rectangular cross-section, with the upper part of the distributor located in the receiver and having contact with its front or rear wall with the formation at the opposite and at each side wall of the passage for the seed. 4. The opener according to claim 3, characterized in that the arch of the sub-valve space comprises right and left flaps fixed to the side walls in the lower part of the receiver, the reflector attached to the flaps, and between the right and left flaps at the front wall of the receiver mounted and fastened with them a plate, to the front edge of which and to the wall of the receiver a holder is attached, connected to the lancet paw, for example, two bolts. 5. The opener according to claim 4, characterized in that under the plate installed between the flaps, an emphasis is provided, on the cantilever part of which there is a distributor having contact with the front wall of the receiver. 6. The opener according to claim 4, characterized in that the distributor is made of polyamide, has contact with the rear wall of the receiver, to which is attached a detachable, in particular screw, connection. 7. The opener according to claim 3, characterized in that the receiver cavity above the distributor is divided into two channels by a guiding device for supplying the same flow of seed material through them, respectively, from the first channel to one side of the distributor, and from the second to the other. 8. The opener according to claim 7, characterized in that the guide device has an upper transverse and lower longitudinal septum of the receiver cavity, directed from top to bottom along the central axis of this cavity, and the upper part of the longitudinal septum has front and rear sections deflected in opposite directions, each of which is adjacent to the corresponding side wall of the receiver and connected to the lower part of the transverse partition, while the lower part of the longitudinal partition is located above the top of the distributor. 9. The opener according to claim 8, characterized in that in each channel of the receiver cavity a deflecting shield is fixed under the inlet of the corresponding material flow from the transverse to the longitudinal part of this channel. 10. The opener according to claim 6, characterized in that in the receiver cavity, above the distributor, an elongated transverse partition is made having upper and lower parts for dividing the cavity into front and rear channels, the upper part of the said partition being directed along the central axis of this cavity, and the lower one is deflected towards the front wall of the receiver so that the lower edge of the partition is located above the area of the front end of the distributor.