RU2450500C1 - Combined disc-hoe opener - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: opener comprises a housing 1, a flat disk 2 mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor-scraper bar 3 with the outer and inner sides and seeds-fertiliser guide 4. The housing is equipped with an attachment 7 for sowing small-seeded crops, pivotally mounted on the housing with a lead 6 with an elastic element 13. The attachment 7 consists of two anchor tubular openers 8 symmetrically arranged behind the disc-hoe opener, each of which is designed as a seed-pipe 9 with a point furrow-former 10 entering into the soil at the obtuse angle. The lead is placed in the slit guide 11 mounted on the housing 1 of the opener with an ability to move in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to upgrade seeding-machines with a single-disc hoe openers of band sowing for sowing small-seeded crops (colza, flax, etc) and grass seeds with the application of fertilisers deeper than the seeds and apart from them (to protect from burns), and also to reduce the seeding-machine weight up to 200 kg.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies of seeders for sowing crops.

The working body of the SZT-3.6 seeder is known, consisting of a two-disk opener for grain crops, to which two keeled openers each with its load and other elements are attached to the sides with the help of individual leashes [Sot-grass-seeder SZT-3.6. Operating Instructions, 20-21. Kirovograd. - 1973].

Its advantage is that the keeled seed drill coulters can sow small-seeded crops and grass seeds.

Design disadvantages:

- excessive metal openers;

- the impossibility of sowing grain in the strip method with double-disc coulters.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a combined disc-anchor coulter selected as a prototype, comprising a housing, a flat disc mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor bed forger with outer and inner sidewalls and a guide rail [RF Patent for the invention No. 2249936, IPC A01C 7/20, 2003].

Its advantage is that it provides the sowing of crops in an efficient strip method.

The disadvantage of the working body is that with its help it is impossible to sow cereals, fertilize and sow small-seeded crops - herbs (alfalfa seeds, clover, etc.) in one pass between the sowing lines of the main crop (cereals).

The objectives of the invention are:

1) expanding the functionality of seeders with disk-anchor coulters of strip sowing, namely:

- sowing of grain and leguminous crops with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers in the sowing strip and simultaneous sowing of grass seeds (alfalfa, clover, etc.) between the grain strips to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm (under-cover sowing);

- sowing of small-seeded crops - oilseeds (rapeseed, mustard, etc.), grass seeds to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers 6 ... 7 cm away from the seeds and deeper by 3 ... 4 cm;

2) a decrease in the metal consumption of the seeder.

The problem is achieved in that in a combined disk-anchor opener containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor bed forger with outer and inner sidewalls and a seed guide, according to the invention, the opener body is equipped with an attachment for sowing small-seed crops, articulated on it with the help of a leash with an elastic element, and consisting of two tubular openers, made in the form of a seven-pipe with a oral furrower, are symmetrically located for disc-anchor shoe, with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil, wherein the leash is placed into the slot-like guide is mounted on the coulter body movably in its vertical plane.

New is that the coulter body is equipped with an attachment for sowing small-seeded crops, pivotally mounted on it using a leash with an elastic element, and consisting of two tubular coulters, made in the form of a seven-pipe with a oral furrower, symmetrically located behind the disk-anchor coulter, with a blunt the angle of entry into the soil, while the leash is placed in a slit-like guide mounted on the opener body with the possibility of moving it in a vertical plane.

Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

The device meets the criterion of “inventive step” in connection with the achievement of a result that satisfies the existing need, which the specialists failed to implement, namely, sowing grain, leguminous crops with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers in the strip of sieving and simultaneous sowing of grass seeds (alfalfa, clover, etc. .) between the grain strips to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm (under-cover sowing); sowing small-seeded crops - oilseeds (rapeseed, mustard, etc.), grass seeds to a depth of 2 ... 3 cm with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers 6 ... 7 cm away from the seeds and deeper by 3 ... 4 cm; decrease in the mass of the seeder with the proposed openers.

The invention is “industrially applicable” due to the fact that it can be effectively used in agriculture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows the opener, side view; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The combined disk-anchor coulter contains a housing 1, a flat disk 2, mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor-bed forger 3 with outer and inner sides and a seed guide 4. To the housing 1 by means of a hinge 5 and a leash 6 an attachment 7 is attached for sowing small-seeded crops , which consists of two tubular openers 8. Tubular opener 8 is a nine-tube 9, along the front wall of which there is a oral furrower 10. A block of two tubular openers 8 connected through a leash 6 and the hinge 5 to the housing 1, is located symmetrically relative to it behind the disk-anchor opener, that is, the tubular openers 8 are located on both sides of the disk-anchor opener at the same distance from it, equal to half the main specified row spacing. Tubular openers 8 are installed with a blunt angle of entry into the soil within 105 ... 110 degrees, which contributes to the compaction of the sowing bed, as well as improving technological reliability (work without clogging with plant residues and soil). The leash 6 of the attachment 7 is placed in the slit-like guide 11 on the housing 1 with the possibility of movement relative to the hinge 5 in the vertical plane "up and down" and without the possibility of horizontal deviation. The movement of the lead 6 in the guide 11 downward is limited by the upper surface of the housing 1, and the movement upward by the restrictive finger 12 of the guide 11. Close to the guide 11, the lead 6 is provided with an elastic element, for example, a spring 13, with which a predetermined seed placement depth is maintained.

Combined disk and anchor opener operation

When the sowing unit moves, the disk 2 of the disk-anchor coulter cuts into the soil and opens a narrow groove. An anchor-layer 3, working at a given depth of fertilizer application (3 ... 5 cm deeper than seeding), with the help of its sidewalls expands the furrow and prepares the strip, shifting the soil to the sides. Mineral fertilizers supplied by the sowing apparatus from the fat compartment of the grain box are fed through the seed guide 4 to the prepared strip of the expanded furrow. Following the disk 2 and the anchor-bed forger 3 on both sides at a predetermined distance of 5 ... 7 cm and a given depth of 2 ... 3 cm, grooves are opened with the help of oral furrowers 10 tubular coulters 8 of the attachment 7. Due to the obtuse angle of entry, the coulters 8 move the soil into side and down, and the bottom of the groove is compacted. Sowed seeds of grasses or small-seeded crops are fed to the densified bottom of the grooves, supplied by the sowing apparatus through the 9-pipe. The seeds and fertilizers are closed with soil by shedding it from the walls, as well as by using seeder shorting.

The implementation of the invention will allow for the shortest possible time to modernize grain fertilizer seeders with single-disk-anchor coulters for strip sowing for sowing small-seeded crops (rapeseed, flax, etc.) and grass seeds with highly efficient application of mineral fertilizers deeper and away from the seeds (to protect them from burns) and due to this, at an accelerated pace, replenish a very greatly reduced fleet of universal grain-knot-grass sowing machines. At the same time, the mass of the upgraded seeder only by reducing the metal consumption of the attachment with tubular coulters will decrease to 200 kg.

Claims (1)

Combined disk-anchor coulter containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, an anchor bed forger with outer and inner sides and a guide rail, characterized in that the coulter body is equipped with an attachment for sowing small-seeded crops pivotally mounted on the housing with a leash with an elastic element and consisting of two tubular coulters symmetrically located behind the disk-anchor opener, each of which is made in the form of a seven-pipe with a oral furrow Lemma and obtuse entering angle into the soil, the leash is placed into the slot-like guide is mounted on the coulter body movable in a vertical plane.

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