RU2791883C2 - Subsoil broadcast seeding sharer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: subsoil broadcast seeding. The sharer for subsoil broadcast seeding of agricultural crops includes a duckfoot and a seed tube in the form of a pipe fixed on a stand, a leveling plate and a seed distributor made of a solid polymer. The wings of the duckfoot are bent along a curve of the second order, while along the axis of symmetry of the duckfoot there is a cutting edge made along a curve of the second order. The stand for attaching the duckfoot is installed with an inclination of 85° from the horizontal back, made in the cross section in the form of a prismatic profile, the tip is directed towards the sharer movement and has two holes for attaching to the guides in a parallelogram type. The seed tube is made in the form of a curved metal pipe having a circular section in the vertical plane, changing into a semicircular section with a lower plane inclined to the horizontal by 35°, having grooves for directing the seeds to the seed distributor. The latter is made in the form of a symmetrical figure, circumscribed along the vertical plane by curves of the second order and a semicircular section in the horizontal plane, smoothly changing from top to bottom in the direction of increase, and is attached to the rack with flat metal fasteners. Guide grooves are made on the surface of the distributor for uniform distribution of crop seeds, in addition, a leveling plate for aligning the bottom of the furrow and protecting the distributor from damage is installed on the lower side of the duckfoot.

EFFECT: improving the cutting characteristics of the duckfoot by increasing the cutting surface on the wings and along the axis of symmetry, reducing traction resistance due to the streamlining and profile of the sharer, as well as increasing the uniformity of seed distribution over the area of the subfoot space.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, and in particular to the design of coulters for seeders-cultivators, and is intended for subsoil broadcast sowing of seeds of agricultural crops.

A coulter for subsoil broadcast seeding is known (AS USSR No. 1665907, MKI A01C 7/20, B.I. No. 28 30.07.91.), containing an lancet paw, a seed duct and a divider located under it in the form of a gable tray. The disadvantages of the coulter include: incomplete use of the paw width; unsatisfactory uniformity of distribution of seeds across the width of the coulter; complexity in the manufacture of a gable tray and in operation.

Also known is a coulter for subsoil broadcast seeding according to patent RU 2223624 C2, 7 A01C 7/20, pr. surface. The distributor is connected to the seed tube. A common disadvantage of the first and second analogues is the insufficient width of the seed sieving zone, which reduces the uniform distribution of seeds over the sown area.

Known coulter for broadcast seeding (A.S. USSR No. 1477281, MKI A01C 7/20, B.I. No. 17 07.05.89.), Which includes an lancet paw, a tubular rack-seed pipe and located under the outlet of the rack - semyaprovod reflector, made in the form of a hollow cone of elastic material. The reflector is suspended on an elastic plate, in the upper part, attached to the seed tube, and in the lower part - to the top of the cone. The disadvantages of the coulter include: unsatisfactory uniformity of distribution of seeds across the width of the coulter; the complexity of installing the reflector on the coulter and operation.

A coulter for broadband sowing is known (A.S. USSR No. 1746921, MKI A01S 7/20, B.I. No. 26 15.07.92.), which consists of a rack with a seed-guide funnel, to the lower end of which a lancet is fixed with a metal wedge paw, under which the seed distributor is located, made in the form of two wings symmetrical along the bending line in the form of rectangular trapezoids, curved along a parabola, divorced in opposite directions in the transverse vertical plane, and the angle at which the wings are spread in the front part of the distributor is greater than the angle of divorce in its rear part, and the rear edge of the distributor is located in a vertical plane. The length of the upper base of the trapezoid is equal to 1/3 of the diameter of the seed guide funnel, and the angle between the non-parallel sides of the trapezoid is determined by the ratio: α=arcosB/2r, where B is the width of the coulter, r is the distance from the projection of the upper point of the rear edge of the distributor onto the horizontal plane to the end of the wing paws. The disadvantages of the coulter include: unsatisfactory uniformity of distribution of seeds across the width of the coulter; difficulty in manufacturing and operation.

The disadvantage is the insufficient width of the seed sieving zone, which reduces the uniform distribution of seeds over the sown area.

As a prototype, a coulter for subsoil broadcast seeding of agricultural crops was chosen according to patent RU 2411711 C1, IPC A01C 7/20, pr. 28.09.2009, published. February 20, 2011, which includes a lancet paw and a seed tube in the form of a pipe, fixed on a stand, a leveling plate and a seed distributor made of a solid polymer.

The prototype has an insufficient and chaotic zone of seed sieving in width, which leads to an uneven distribution of seeds over the sown area and further consequences of this process.

Common features of the proposed device and the prototype is the presence of a closed-type cultivator paw and a seed duct, which are fixed on the rack, as well as a seed distributor.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the cutting characteristics of the lancet paw by increasing the cutting surface on the wings and along the axis of symmetry, reducing traction resistance due to the streamlining and profile of the coulter, as well as increasing the uniformity of seed distribution over the area of the subpaw space.

Task - the proposed device should improve the quality of soil cultivation and distribution of seeds, and consequently, increase the yield of sown crops.

The technical result that will be obtained when implementing the proposed coulter:

Improving the quality of tillage and distribution of seeds, and consequently, an increase in the yield of sown crops.

To achieve the technical result, the opener includes a lancet paw and a seed tube in the form of a pipe fixed on a stand, a leveling plate and a seed distributor made of a solid polymer. The wings of the lancet paw are bent along a curve of the second order, while along the axis of symmetry of the lancet paw there is a cutting edge made along a curve of the second order, while the rack for attaching the paw is installed with an inclination of 85 ° from the horizontal back, made in cross section in the form of a prismatic profile, the tip is directed in the direction of movement of the coulter and has two holes for attaching to the leashes in a parallelogram type, and the seed tube is made in the form of a curved metal pipe, having a round section in the vertical plane, turning into a semicircular section with a lower plane with an inclination to the horizontal of 35 °, having grooves for directing seeds to the seed distributor, which is made in the form of a symmetrical figure, described in the vertical plane by second-order curves and a semicircular section in the horizontal plane, smoothly changing from top to bottom in the direction of increase, and attached to the rack with flat metal fasteners, moreover, on the surface of the distribution The divider has guide grooves for uniform distribution of crop seeds, in addition, a leveling plate for leveling the bottom of the furrow and protecting the distributor from damage is installed on the underside of the lancet share.

The inventive opener is illustrated by drawings and description. In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device; in fig. 2 - general view in section along the axis of symmetry, side view; in fig. 3 - coulter, rear view; in fig. 4 - coulter, top view; in fig. 5 - distributor, top view; in fig. 6 - distributor, general view; in fig. 7 - seed duct, general view. The drawings have the following designations:

1 - paw;

2 - seed tube;

3 - fastening of the seed tube;

4 - rack;

5 - cutting edge;

6 - seed distributor;

7 - leveling plate;

8 - bolts

The coulter contains a lancet paw 1 of a closed type, which is fixed with bolts 8 to the rack 4. Seed tube 2 is connected to the rack 4 with fasteners 3 by welding. The seed distributor 6 is connected to the leveling plate 7 by welding or adhesive.

The coulter as part of the seeder operates as follows.

Sowing seeds of agricultural crops is carried out simultaneously with the application of granular fertilizers.

In working position, the coulter moves in the soil at a predetermined sowing depth. Paw 1 with a cutting edge 5 cuts into the soil layer, cuts and lifts it, while a cavity is formed in the space under the shoe, the leveling plate 7 smoothes and compacts the soil loosened by paw 1, creating an even sowing bed. Seeds are fed by the sowing machine of the seeder, under the influence of gravity they pass the seed tube 2 and roll along the guide furrows on the seed distributor 6, while the seeds should be noted to roll along their channel in a certain direction. Further, the seeds are distributed at the bottom of the sowing bed over the entire width of the sublap space.

Seeds are covered with loosened soil layers descending from the wings of the paw 1. Behind the coulter, the soil covering the strip sown by it is leveled by other working bodies of the seeder.

The inventive coulter significantly differs from the selected counterparts and the prototype, has wider functionality, improved performance.

The proposed coulter will improve the cutting characteristics of the lancet share by increasing the cutting surface on the wings and along the axis of symmetry, reducing traction resistance due to the streamlining and profile of the coulter, as well as improving the quality of sowing seeds and uniform distribution of seeds over the area of the sub-shape space.

Claims (1)

Coulter for subsoil broadcast seeding of agricultural crops, including a lancet paw and a seed tube in the form of a pipe, mounted on a stand, a leveling plate and a seed distributor made of a solid polymer, characterized in that the wings of the lancet paw are bent along a curve of the second order, while the lancet axis of symmetry paws there is a cutting edge made along a curve of the second order, while the rack for attaching the paws is installed with an inclination of 85 ° from the horizontal back, made in cross section in the form of a prismatic profile, directed with a tip in the direction of movement of the coulter and has two holes for attaching to the leashes along parallelogram type, and the seed tube is made in the form of a curved metal pipe, having a circular cross section in the vertical plane, turning into a semicircular section with a lower plane inclined to the horizontal by 35°, having grooves for directing seeds to the seed distributor, which is made in the form of a symmetrical figure, description curved along the vertical plane with curves of the second order and a semicircular section in the horizontal plane, smoothly changing from top to bottom in the direction of increase, and is attached with flat metal fasteners to the rack, and guide grooves are made on the surface of the distributor for uniform distribution of seeds of agricultural crops, in addition, a leveling plate for to level the bottom of the furrow and to protect the distributor from damage, it is installed on the underside of the lancet share.

Images