RU2425479C1 - Combined double-disk furrow opener - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: furrow opener comprises two disk knives, installed vertically on a bracket, which provides for matching of traction force direction with direction of furrow opener movement. Behind the bracket there is a seed tube, a fertiliser tube and furrow-closing hoes. Planes of disk knives rotation match direction of movement. In the lower part of the disk knives there are furrow shapers installed for seeds and fertilisers as coupled with their side surfaces. The distance between the disk knives in cross direction relative to movement direction is accepted based on the condition of soil layer formation between seeds and fertilisers. Furrow shapers consist of wedge-shaped tips inclined towards the horizontal plane in direction of movement under the angle of sliding friction of weeds along wedge-shaped tips. Wedge-shaped tips are coupled with cheeks, upper edge of which is deflected away from a disk knife by an angle, which provides fixation of seeds and fertilisers along a row axis. The furrow shapers are fixed to a bracket with the help of sides. Behind cheeks of furrow shapers there are vertical limiters of furrows for arrangement of a seed tube and a fertiliser tube, as well as for prevention of dry soil layer fall to the furrow bottom. Vertical limiters of furrows are connected to furrow-closing hoes deflected towards a row axis and arranged away from the furrow bottom at the height, which ensures gripping and coverage of seeds and fertilisers with moist soil. The front disk with a furrow shaper provides for sowing of fertilisers, and the rear disk - for sowing of sown crop seeds.

EFFECT: provision of stable germinating ability of seeds due to simultaneous application of fertilisers and seeds with their separation by means of a soil layer and coverage with a moist soil layer.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines.

Known single-disk opener containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, seed and needle guides, a guard and a removable disk flange in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is attached to the plane of the disk (SU copyright certificate No. 250572 (Single-disk opener. IPC ⁷ A01C 7/20. Single-disc opener. Application No. 1140647 / 30-15; announced March 16, 1967; published August 12, 1969, bull. No. 26).

A disadvantage of the known design is that the disk is mounted at an angle to the vertical. This leads to an unstable coulter stroke both in the depth of sowing and in the direction of movement of the sowing unit. The implementation of the flange in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base attached to the disk leads to the capture of soil by the internal cavity of the cone. This causes the formation of an additional groove with a large base of the cone and leads to an unstable depth movement of the opener. The coulter design does not provide a device that separates seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer. In addition, in the opener there is no device that provides sheltering seeds with a moist layer of soil.

Also known is a single-disk opener containing a disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and at an angle to the horizontal plane, a leash and seed guide (SU copyright certificate No. 759064. Single-disk opener, M. class 3 A01C 7/20, - Application No. 2759754/30 -15; claimed 04.25.1979; publ. 08.30.1960, bull. No. 32).

The disadvantage of this design of the opener is an unstable stroke caused by the installation of its disc at an angle to the horizontal plane. This leads to uneven coulter depth. The coulter does not provide a device for adjusting the depth of stroke. A sleeve with a roller mounted on a leash does not affect the depth of travel, since they are not connected to the surface of the field.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and a fixed furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of an uneven keeled opener with a blunt angle of entry into the soil (SU copyright certificate No. 923412. M. Cl. A01C 7 / 20. Combined opener. Application No. 2854901 / 30-15; - declared 12/14/1979; publ. 04/30/1982, bull. No. 16).

The disadvantages of this design include the unstable opener movement in depth due to the lack of devices that provide a given sowing depth, and the arm traction line does not coincide with the direction of movement of the opener. This leads to lateral forces and, as a consequence, to the row straightness. There are no devices in the coulter for sheltering the seeds with a moist layer of soil. It lacks devices for applying and covering fertilizers with soil.

A combined single-disc opener is known, comprising a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of travel, on the inside of which a stationary furrow former is mounted, while the disk is mounted on the bracket at an angle to the direction of travel, and has a flange on the outside that is a removable element in the form of a half of an ellipsoid of revolution, and behind the disk mounting bracket there are the vas deferens and the fertilizer duct separated by shorting, and the vas deferens are installed below the duct and the size of the layer of earth between the seeds and fertilizers, while the earthenware is fixed on the leash of the supporting-rolling wheel with the possibility of changing the stroke along the depth of the seed bed, and the side cheeks of the stationary shaper of the groove are set at an angle to the horizontal plane, while its value is equal to the angle of repose compacted moist soil (RU, patent for the invention No. 2223625, A01C 7/20, publ. 02.20.2004, Bull. No. 5).

The disadvantages of this coulter include the installation of a disk at an angle to the direction of movement, which causes lateral force on the leash and uneven movement of the coulter in the direction of movement, the lack of fixed seed placement along the axis of the row, which leads to an increase in the protective zone during inter-row processing, and an increase in labor costs during crop care.

This combined single-disc opener is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is to increase the germination of seeds, fixed laying along the axis of the row.

The technical result is a combination of the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizing, sheltering seeds and fertilizers with a moist soil layer, separation of seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer, obtaining stable, aligned seedlings, increasing productivity.

The problem is achieved in that in the known combined double disc coulter, including a vertical circular knife mounted on a bracket, ensuring the coincidence of the direction of traction with the direction of movement of the coulter, and behind the bracket there is a seed tube, piping and shorting, according to the invention, the coulter has two circular knives mounted vertically with the planes of rotation accompanying with the direction of movement, in the lower part of the disk knives paired with their side surfaces are mounted the grooves for seeds and fertilizers, the distance between the circular knives in the transverse direction relative to the direction of movement is taken from the condition for the formation of the soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, the furrow formers consist of wedge-shaped socks inclined to the horizon in the direction of movement at the sliding angle of the weeds, but wedge-shaped socks, wedge-shaped socks mate with the cheeks, the upper edge of which is deviated from the circular knife by an angle that secures the fixing of seeds and fertilizers along row, groove formers are fixed to the bracket with the help of sidewalls, vertical groove limiters are provided behind the groove forwarder cheeks to accommodate the vas deferens and pipelines, as well as to prevent the drying of the dry soil layer to the bottom of the groove, vertical groove limiters are connected to the stubs, deflected towards the row axis and located from the bottom of the groove at a height that provides capture and shelter with moist soil of seeds and fertilizers, while the front disc with the furrow former provides sowing Dobrenite and rear disc - seeded culture seeds. The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a combined double disc opener, side view.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

Figure 3 is a view A in figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The combined double-disc coulter includes a parallelogram mounted attachment 1, an arm 2, on which two vertical circular knives are mounted 3. In the lower part of the circular knives, grooves are made using sidewalls 4, consisting of wedge-shaped socks 5 inclined to the horizontal in the direction of travel at an angle of sliding friction weed socks 5. Wedge-shaped socks 5 are conjugated to the cheeks 6, the upper edge of which is deviated from the disk knives 3 by an angle that secures the fixation of seeds and fertilizers along the row axis.

Cheeks 6 are associated with vertical groove limiters 7, designed to accommodate the vas deferens or ductwork, as well as to prevent the shedding of dry soil into the groove. Vertical stops 7 are associated with zagrotachki 8, deflected towards the axis of the row and located from the bottom of the furrow at a height that provides capture and shelter with moist soil seeds and fertilizers. The coulter has a fertilizer line 9 for feeding fertilizer, and the seed tube 10 for feeding seeds.

To the bracket 2 by means of an adjustable leash 11, a press wheel 12 is fixed, equipped with a pneumatic tire. Covering the seeds with a moist soil layer is ensured by a grinder 13. The front disk knife is mounted on the bracket 2 with bearings 14, which are fixed to the longitudinal tractors 15 of the bracket 2. The second disk knife is also equipped with a furrow former 16 and mounted on the bracket 2 with bearings 17. The furrow former the second disk knife is fixed to the bracket 2 using the sidewall 18 and has a cheek 19.

Combined opener works as follows.

When the seeder moves across the field, a disk knife 3 cuts the soil and plant residues in a vertical plane to the depth of fertilizer incorporation. The wedge-shaped toe 5 captures the cut soil layer and moves it to the side. Cheeks 6 form and compact the walls of the grooves. After the passage of the wedge-shaped toe 5 and cheek 6, a wedge-shaped groove is formed, which provides a fixed laying of fertilizers on the bottom of the groove.

The vertical groove limiter 7 prevents dry soil from shedding into the groove and serves to accommodate the piping 9. Zagortach 8 captures the moist soil layer from the groove wall and covers them with fertilizer.

At the same time, the second knife (in the direction of the drill) cuts the topsoil and plant debris in a vertical plane to the depth of seed placement. The wedge-shaped toe 16 captures the cut soil layer and moves it to the side. The cheek 19 forms and seals the groove wall. After the passage of the wedge-shaped toe 16 and the cheek 19, a wedge-shaped groove is formed, which provides a fixed placement of seeds on the bottom of the groove. Zagortach 13 captures the moist soil layer from the wall of the grooves and covers them with laid seeds.

The necessary contact between the moist soil layer and fertilizers and seeds is ensured by a rolling wheel 12 combining the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizers, covering seeds and fertilizers with a moist soil layer, separating seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer increases seed germination, ensures stable and even seedlings and increases yield.

Claims (1)

A combined double-disc coulter including a vertical circular knife mounted on an arm providing a coincidence of the direction of traction force with the direction of motion of the opener, and behind the arm there is a seed tube, piping and shorting, characterized in that the coulter is equipped with a second circular knife, and the circular knives are mounted vertically with planes rotations that coincide with the direction of movement, and in the lower part of the circular knives conjugated with their lateral surfaces mounted seed furrow shapers and convenient rhenium, the distance between the circular knives in the transverse direction relative to the direction of movement is taken from the condition of the formation of the soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, the furrow formers consist of wedge-shaped socks inclined to the horizon in the direction of movement at an angle of friction of sliding of the weeds along the wedge-shaped socks, while the wedge-shaped socks are conjugated with cheeks, the upper edge of which is deviated from the circular knife by an angle that secures the fixation of seeds and fertilizers along the row axis, furrow formers fixed to the bracket with the help of sidewalls, vertical groove limiters are provided behind the grooves for the grooves to accommodate the vas deferens and pipelines, as well as to prevent the drying of the dry soil layer to the bottom of the grooves, vertical groove limiters are connected to the cutters deflected to the side of the row and located from the bottom of the groove to height, providing capture and shelter with moist soil of seeds and fertilizers, while the front disc with the furrow former provides seeding of fertilizers, and the rear disc - seeds seeded culture.

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