RU2579769C1 - Working body of disk tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the working bodies of disk tillage for harrowing the soil and stubble breaking. Working body is in the form of a spherical disc with notches on its edge. Peripheral edge of the blades formed by cutouts formed in such a manner that one end thereof is bent inwards and the other - to the outside of the sphere.

EFFECT: constructive arrangement will reduce the energy intensity of tillage of the soil due to strain tension.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to disk working bodies of disk tillage tools for harrowing the soil and stubble cultivation.

Known flat disk working bodies, the cutting edge of which is made in the form of corrugations (patent RU 2201048, IPC A01B 15/16, 2003).

When the tool is working, a fragment of the soil layer is periodically compressed due to a constant change in the contact angle of the corrugation and soil.

The disadvantage of this device is the deformation of the soil by its compression, which leads to increased energy costs.

Known disk working bodies, which are a round flat disk with teeth formed by triangular radial cuts made evenly along the periphery, while knives with smaller triangular teeth are rigidly attached to the teeth of the disk, and the teeth of the disk and the teeth of the knives are alternately bent to the right and left through one (patent RU 2425475, IPC A01B 23/06, 2011).

When the implement is working, a fragment of the soil layer is compressed, despite the presence of curvature of both small teeth and knives, since when the teeth and knives are introduced into the soil, their working surfaces are not parallel to the direction of movement.

The disadvantage is the deformation of the soil by its compression, which leads to increased energy costs.

The closest to execution are disk spherical working bodies, the cutting edge of which is made in the form of teeth, with one cutting edge made radially and the other to the first at an angle (a.s. SU No. 934929, IPC A01B 23/00, 1982 .).

When the device is operating, a fragment of the soil layer is compressed and bent due to the lack of bending of the teeth (blades).

The disadvantage of this device is also the deformation of the soil by its compression, which leads to increased energy costs.

The technical result is the possibility of deformation of the soil by stretching during operation of a disk implement, which leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of the soil cultivation process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the working body of the disk tillage implement is made in the form of a spherical disk with cuts along its edge, while the peripheral edge of the blades formed by cuts is made in such a way that one of its ends is curved into the sphere and the other to the outer side of the sphere.

In a preferred embodiment, the cuts are made wedge-shaped.

In a preferred embodiment, the depth of the cut is 0.15 ... 0.3 of the diameter of the disk, and the width of the cut at the periphery of the disk is 0.7 ... 1 of the width of the edges of the blades.

In a preferred embodiment, the cutouts are made in such a way that the sides of the blade are formed tangent to circles concentric to the center of the disk, while the diameters of the circles are equal, respectively, for one side 0.25 ... 0.35 of the diameter of the disk, and for the other side 0.4 ... 0 , 5 disc diameters.

In a preferred embodiment, the angle range between the plane of rotation of the disk and the peripheral edge of the blade formed by the curvature of the peripheral edge is 15 ... 30 °.

 Figure 1 presents a top view of the disk working body, where 1 is the blade, 2 is the notch, 3 is the concentric circle, 4 is the tangent to the concentric circles, 5 is the peripheral edge of the blade, 6 is the sides of the blade.

In FIG. 2 shows a side view of the disk working body, where 7 is the axis of the disk, 8 is the plane of rotation of the disk, 9 is the angle between the plane of rotation and the peripheral edge of the blade.

The device operates as follows.

The disk is installed in a tillage machine. During the forward movement of the machine, the disks penetrate the soil under the influence of the weight of the machine and rotate under the action of friction and soil resistance. When deepened into the soil, the blade of the disk forms a crack in the soil stratum and detaches a fragment of the soil stratum from the main massif. When leaving the soil, the blade lifts a torn fragment of the soil layer, which then slides off its surface under the influence of its own weight and centrifugal force. The presence of cutouts provides a shorter cutting line length and easier burrowing of the disc into the soil. The curvature of the blades provides less compression of the soil formation and better conditions for tearing a fragment of the formation from the main array.

The following is an example embodiment of the invention.

Example. To justify the effectiveness of the proposed technical solution, a working body was made with the following characteristics: disk diameter - 660 mm, disk thickness - 8 mm, number of blades - 10, cutout width - 90 mm, cutout depth - 170 mm, concentric circle diameters 165 mm and 264 mm (0.25 and 0.4 of the diameter of the disk), the angle of curvature of the peripheral edge of the blade 17 °. A comparison was made of some technological parameters of the manufactured device with a prototype (a.s. SU No. 934929) containing a spherical disk with a diameter of 660 mm, a thickness of 8 mm, with triangular cutouts. The conditions under which the comparison was made: the type and mechanical composition of the soil - the Pre-Caucasian loamy chernozem, winter wheat stubble, dry, compacted soil, soil density 1.3 ... 1.4. The hardness of the soil was not determined. The following parameters were compared: the depth of processing at the same load, the degree of crumbling of the soil formation at the same angles of installation of the disk relative to the direction of movement, traction resistance. Measuring instruments: dynamometer DPU-1, ruler LP-200, goniometer, sieve with 20 mm mesh. The processing speed during the experiment is 3 ... 4 km / h. The installation angle of the disks relative to the direction of movement is 13 °. The vertical load on the disc is 75 kg.

The following results were obtained:

- visually there was less unloading of the soil formation in front of the disk of the proposed device compared to the prototype; at the same time, there was a large elevation of soil fragments in the rear of the disk of the proposed device compared to the prototype, which indicates tensile soil by the proposed device and soil compression by the prototype;

- the processing depth was 7.5 ... 9.5 cm for the prototype and 8 ... 10 cm for the proposed device;

- the degree of crumbling of the soil after one pass was 41 and 45 percent for the prototype and the proposed device, respectively, after three passes 67 and 68 percent, respectively;

- the average traction resistance for the prototype and the proposed device is 0.54 and 0.52 kN, respectively;

- It was also noted less koshenie proposed device compared with the prototype.

Thus, the proposed disc design during the operation of the tillage implement provides for tensile deformation of the soil, which leads to a decrease in traction resistance, i.e., a decrease in energy intensity.

Claims (5)

1. The working body of the disk tillage implement, characterized in that it is made in the form of a spherical disk with cuts along its edge, while the peripheral edge of the blades formed by cuts is made in such a way that one of its ends is curved into the sphere and the other to the outer side of the sphere. 2. The working body of the disk tillage tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cuts are made wedge-shaped. 3. The working body of the disk tillage tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the cut is 0.15 ... 0.3 of the diameter of the disk, and the width of the cut on the periphery of the disk is 0.7 ... 1 of the width of the edges of the blades. 4. The working body of the disk tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the cuts are made in such a way that the sides of the blade are formed tangent to circles concentric to the center of the disk, while the diameters of the circles are equal, respectively, for one side of 0.25 ... 0, 35 of the diameter of the disk, and for the other side 0.4 ... 0.5 of the diameter of the disk. 5. The working body of the disk tillage tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle range between the plane of rotation of the disk and the peripheral edge of the blade formed due to the curvature of the peripheral edge is 15 ... 30 °.

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