RU2491808C1 - Working element for subsurface tillage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: working element comprises a vertical rack, on which a flat plowshare is mounted with the blade at the front. The flat plowshare and the rack are made in cross section in the form of a concave-convex profile with a connection to each other along the circle radius. Above the upper edge of the flat plowshare surface a toothed poroelastic roller with shock-absorbing adjustable rest is mounted. The roller is equipped with a rotary drive of the agricultural machine.

EFFECT: invention enables to provide homogeneous soil breakage through the entire thickness of the layer with minimum energy consumption and maximum performance.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for loosening the soil.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of soil treatment with minimal energy consumption.

Known working bodies for subsurface tillage, containing mounted on the rack ploughshare with a triangular-shaped blade [1-4].

The disadvantage of analogues is the low efficiency of grinding the soil.

The prototype of the invention is a working body for subsurface tillage according to [5], comprising a ploughshare with a blade mounted on a rack.

The disadvantage of the prototype is also the low efficiency of the quality of the soil treatment and the high energy costs of grinding the formation.

The invention allows to obtain a new technical effect - uniform grinding of the soil over the entire thickness of the reservoir with minimal energy and maximum productivity.

This technical effect is achieved by the fact that its plane-cutting share and the stand in cross section are made in the form of a concave-curved profile with a connection to each other along the radius of the circle, and a gear elastic-deformable roller with a shock-absorbing adjustable support is installed over the upper edge of the surface of the plane-cutting share, which is equipped with a shock-absorbing adjustable support rotation drive from an agricultural machine; an additional freely rotating roller is installed under the elastically deformable roller; the plane-cutting share from the side opposite to the direction of movement is made in the form of a comb with teeth.

Figure 1 shows a front view of the working body; figure 2 is a side view of the working body; figure 3 is a cross-section of a ploughshare share (legs) of the working body according to AA figure 1; figure 4 is a view of the comb paw from above and a section of the rack along BB in Fig 2;

Figure 5 shows the working body with an additional freely rotating roller, front view; figure 6 is a side view of the working body; in Fig.7 is a section along aa of Fig.5 of a plane-cutting share with an additional freely rotating roller; in Fig.8 is a top view of the paw with a cutting edge of the blade made along the radius of the circle and the cross-section of the rack according to BB of Fig.6.

The working body is two-element and consists of a plane-cutting share 1 (legs) and a gear elastic-elastic roller 2. In this case, the leg 1 through the rack 3 and the connecting link 4 is attached to the frame of the tillage implement (the frame is not shown in the figure).

Toothed elastically deformable roller 2 on bearings 5 is mounted on axis 6 and connected through the lever 7 to the frame of the tillage implement. On the other hand, the lever 7 through the rod 8 is connected with a shock-absorbing adjustable support in the form of a link 9 with a cylinder 10 with an eyelet 11 connected with the frame of the tillage implement.

The paw 1 and its vertical stand 3 are designed to cut and grind the soil layer and are equipped with a common blade 12. Moreover, to reduce the external friction surface, the paw 1 and the stand 3 are connected to each other along a circle radius. For better grinding of the cut-off layer, their inner working surface 13 is made along a concave-curved profile (Fig. 3) and the paw 1 from the side opposite to the direction of movement is made in the form of a comb 14 with teeth 15 (Fig. 4).

In the lower horizontal part of the paw (Fig.5-8) on the axis 16 and bearings 17 mounted lower freely rotating roller 18. Moreover, its working surface 19 in the upper part is a continuation of the convex part of the working surface 13 of the paw 1.

For the purpose of crushing soil lumps by compression, the gear elastic-elastic roller 2 is made in the form of a wheel with a tire 20 and provided with teeth (spikes) 21 on its rim 22. Moreover, for the transmission of torque from the agricultural machine, the elastic-deformable tooth roller 2 is also equipped with an asterisk 23 and an overrunning clutch 24.

To create the force of dosed pressure, an elastic-deformable gear roller 2 is mounted on top of the treated soil layer and the upper working surfaces 13, 19, paws 1 and roller 18, respectively, and the support surface of the elastic-deformable gear roller 2 form a semi-closed volume in the form of a pressing chamber 25.

The pressing chamber 25 has a high entrance window in the front and a tapering window in the rear of the working body.

The working body for subsurface tillage works as follows.

When the agricultural machine is moving, the paw 1 of the working body receives longitudinal movement, and the tooth elastic-elastic roller 2 through the sprocket 23 and the overrunning clutch 24 receives a torque.

During the movement of the working body, the blade 12 installed in the front of the paw 1 cuts the formation and separates it from the original soil mass. Moreover, the round profile of the profile of the legs 1 in the transverse vertical plane provides minimal friction of the outer surface of the legs on the bottom and the walls of the furrow.

The soil layer separated from the initial massif, moving along the concave-curved profile of the working surface 13 of the paw 1 and the rack 3, receives preliminary cracks, and somewhat compacted during movement, forms zones of elastic deformation of the soil. In this case, elastically deformed soil kernels are formed, which with further movement along the curved profile of the working surface 13 of the paw 1 break up into small lumps, forming cracks in the soil.

When on the concave-curved working surface 13 of the paw 1 the absolute speeds of the moving particles turn out to be different, individual bonds of the formation are broken and less durable soil aggregates are destroyed. The concave-curved working surface 13 of the paw 1 (like an airplane wing in the air stream) causes various relative displacements of the elements of the destructible formation.

Toothed elasto-deformable roller 2 begins to work actively as some continuation of the processed elasto-deformable soil layer when adjustable pressure is transmitted through the lever 7, rod 8 of the cylinder 10 of the shock-absorbing - control link 9, and torque is transmitted through the sprocket 23 and the freewheel 24.

The supporting surface of the rim 22 of the tire 20 of the tooth elastic-elastic roller 2 is tightly pressed against the upper surface of the treated soil layer. The teeth (spikes) 21 of the rim 22 as wedges penetrate the soil and form cracks on the surface of the formation. With a little effort directed along the spikes 21, large tensile forces are formed, tearing into separate parts of the solid lumps of soil, on the surface of the formation. At the same time, the action of the vertical force on the formation from the pressure of the elastic-deforming roller 2 forms in its narrow vertical cross section the elastic-deformed kernels of the treated soil, which, when further moving through the press chamber 25 of the working body, pass into its rear part and break up into small lumps, also forming cracks in the soil Around them.

In the process of moving the formation due to the effect of compression of the soil (roller 2 and the working surfaces 13 and 19 of the paw 1 and the freely rotating roller 18), first the soil is somewhat delayed at the inlet of the pressing chamber 25, and then in the process of compression it, due to a change in the thickness of the formation, she rushes back with greater speed. As a result, tensile forces are formed for the inner layers of the soil layer, tearing its solid aggregates in the middle part of the cross section of the layer.

When the tooth elastic-elastic roller 2 receives rotation with a linear speed of its rim 22 slightly greater (by 3-5 %%) the translational speed of the legs 1 of the working body, a traction force is generated in the area of its supporting surface. Moreover, at the beginning of the contact of the tire 20 with the spikes 21, the movement of the rim 22 is carried out without slipping. When the surface of the rim 22 in contact with the soil approaches the axis line of the freely rotating roller 18, a soil shift is formed. Here, the potential twisting energy of the elastic tire 20 is spent mainly for crushing the soil by stretching and moving it back. At the same time, a reaction force is created, which is presented as the traction force of the working body.

In cases where there is no transmission of torque through the sprocket 23 to the tooth elastic-elastic roller 2, when it moves along uneven ground surfaces, an overrunning clutch 24 is activated and roller 2 receives torque through the tire 20. The roller 2 acts as a damper for the worker moving along a concave-curved profile surface 13 paws 1 layer of soil. At the same time, the cut-off layer, passing with a low friction resistance along the concave part of the working surface under the pressure of its own weight and an elastic deforming roller, lies on the teeth 15 of the comb 14 of the paw 1 and is crushed. The movement of the formation along the teeth 15 of the comb 14 also provides less friction against the working surface 13 of the paw 1 and at the same time the “effect of the icebreaker on the contrary” is realized, which is necessary for grinding the cultivated soil.

In all cases, the treated layer of soil remains crushed to the entire thickness without a turn and large movements. On the soil surface, plant debris, a mulching soil layer and pit marks from the spikes 21 of the tooth elastic deformation roller 2 are preserved, which facilitate the free penetration of sediments into the soil and their distribution in the reservoir volume. The penetration of atmospheric air into the soil also improves.

Information sources

1. Auth. St. (THE USSR). No. 1130179, class A01B 35/22.

2. Auth. St. (THE USSR). No. 1029841, class A01B 35/26.

3. Agricultural and reclamation machines. / Ed. G.E. Leaf fall. Moscow, Kolos, 1976. - 752 p.

4. Karpenko A.I., Khalansky V.M. Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment. - 6th ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989 .-- 527 p.

5. Auth. St. (THE USSR). No. 1160948, class A01B 35/20 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. The working body for subsurface tillage, including a vertical stand, on which is mounted a ploughshare share with a blade in front, characterized in that its plank cutter and stand in cross section are made in the form of a concave-curved profile with a radius connection to each other circle, and above the upper edge of the surface of the ploughshare share mounted gear elastic deforming roller with shock absorbing adjustable support, which is equipped with a rotation drive from an agricultural machine. 2. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional freely rotating roller is installed under the gear elastically deformable roller. 3. The working body according to claim 1, characterized in that the ploughshare share from the side opposite to the direction of movement is made in the form of a comb with teeth.

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