RU55245U1 - UNIVERSAL SOIL PROCESSING TOOLS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to tillage combined implements. A universal tillage implement with flat-slit and chisel and chisel modifications includes a central frame 1, an attachment 2, support wheels 3 with screw mechanisms for adjusting the working depth, disk knives 4, interchangeable flat-cut legs 5 and slit 6, as well as removable side frames 10 with flat-cut legs 5 or deep-loosening (chisel) paws installed with a smaller span for the implements 14 On the central frame 1, interchangeable devices for additional tillage in the form of planchs are installed of the drum (roller) 8, or a pair of sections 16 of toothed disks whose axes are arranged at an angle to the lateral sides of the line in the form of an obtuse angle, the vertex facing backwards. What is new is that the distance along the width of the implement’s grip between the deep-raking paws 14 is greater than half of this distance between the flat-cutting paws 5 and on the side beams of the central frame of the deep-raking paw racks 14 installed outside the frame, and the flat-cutting paws 5 inside the frame, in addition, the tool is equipped with removable side frames 10 with flat-cut legs 5 mounted outside the frames 10, as well as circular knives 4, slit-holes 6 and interchangeable devices for additional tillage, in the form of a roller with a slatted drum 8 Whether a pair of sections 16 of toothed discs, whose axes are arranged at an angle to the lateral sides of the line in the form of an obtuse angle, the vertex facing backwards. The universal tillage implement (combined deep-ripper GRK-2.3 / 3.8) with a variable working width has successfully passed acceptance tests at the Volga MIS and is certified.

Description

Universal tillage implement.

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to soil cultivating implements for performing various methods of subsurface loosening of the soil .;

Known tillage tools for subsurface tillage, including a frame with deep-digging paws and a device for crumbling blocks, for example, chisel plows ПЧ-2,5, etc., or a frame with a variable working width with circular knives and flat-cut paws (OPT-3- 5), or - a frame with plane-cutting paws and slit-hole cutters (plane-cutters-slotters ПЩ-3, ПЩ-5) / 1 /. Each of them performs one specific method of tillage. In a real farm, there is a need to perform various techniques effective in a specific agricultural landscape and crop rotation link.

The disadvantage of these tools is that they are not universal and perform only one method of tillage.

The closest in technical essence is a universal tillage implement, including a frame with a linkage mechanism, support wheels and interchangeable working bodies. On the longitudinal beams of the frame can be installed flat-cut legs and, with an interval less than half, several types of deep-loosening working bodies 11 - prototype /.

In addition to the complexity of the elements of their fastening, the gun has several significant drawbacks. Its plane-cutting legs should have a working width that is a multiple of the width of the deep-ripping feet. This excludes the possibility of using standardized chisel paws from plows of the ПЧ type and used on the currently widespread APK-3, APK-6 aggregates of flat-cut paws of optimal working width (750 mm). The tool uses working bodies with a large (at times) difference in traction resistance (flat-cut and chisel paws), however, the tool has a constant working width, therefore it cannot provide rational loading of the tractor. When the tractor is loaded normally with low-energy flat-cutting paws, the implement with the same working width and working with the deep loosening paws will not allow the tractor to overload (it will not be able to work at the optimal speed), or when the implement’s working width is corresponding to the normal loading with deep loosening paws, the tractor will be underloaded when working with the flat-cutting. The presented mounted implement cannot be aggregated with caterpillar tractors having a low mounted capacity.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a mounted universal implement for anti-erosion tillage with interchangeable working bodies of optimal working width, aggregated with tractors

low hanging capacity and ensuring their rational loading with a small deepening of plane-cutting paws and when working with deep-loosening (chisel) paws and a device for crumbling blocks.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a tillage implement that includes a central frame with a linkage mechanism, support wheels and interchangeable flat-cutting legs with uprights or deep loosening legs with racks placed with a shorter working width, according to the invention, the distance along the working width of the implement between deep-digging legs more than half of this distance between the plane-cutting paws, while on the side beams of the central frame the racks of deep-ripping paws are installed outside the frame, and oskoreznyh -Inside frame, besides a tool provided with removable side frames with ploskoreznoj legs mounted on the outside of the framework. In this case, disk knives are installed in front of the flat-footed paws, and slitherezes are installed in the back of the paws, in addition, on the central frame behind the paws there is a removable device for additional tillage, for example, a planer or gear block crusher, made in the form of a pair of sections of gear discs, the axes of which are located at an angle to the transverse line in the form of the sides of an obtuse angle facing the vertex back.

Comparison of the inventive guns with the prototype shows that the new is the placement of racks of deep-digging paws with a distance along the width of the capture of the guns greater than half of this distance between flat-cut legs, while on the side beams of the central frame the racks of deep-loosening paws are installed outside the frame, and flat-cut inside the frame and, in addition to Moreover, the tool is equipped with removable side frames with flat-cut legs mounted outside of these frames. In addition, disk knives are installed in front of the flat-footed paws, and slithereries are installed in the back of the paws, and the implement is equipped with replaceable devices for additional tillage, made in the form of a slatted roller or gear block, containing two sections of gear discs, the axes of which are located at an angle to the transverse line in view of the sides of an obtuse angle facing the vertex back.

The proposed mounted universal tillage implement with a variable working width, removable paws and a device in the form of a roller or block crusher (sections of gear discs) is able to rationally load a tractor with low hitching ability with small deepening of flat-cutting paws of optimal working width and with large deepening of deep-digging holes placed between the optimal ones.

Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

The inventive device meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is not obvious to specialists and is not used to solve similar problems.

The inventive device meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as corresponding to the above features

“Combined subsoiler GRK-2.3 / 3.8” with a variable working width, has successfully passed acceptance tests at the Volga MIS, is certified and is preparing for serial production.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. -

In Fig.1 shows a plane-slit-hole modification of a universal tillage implement with a device for additional tillage in the form of a slatted roller, top view;

figure 2 - plane-slit-hole modification of the gun with removable side frames, top view;

figure 3 is a plane-slit-hole modification of the gun in the transport position, side view; figure 4 is a chisel modification of the gun with deep ripping legs and sections of the gear discs, side view; figure 5 chisel modification of the gun with deep-digging paws, top view.

A universal tillage implement for plane-shear-slotted modifications (see Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains a central frame 1, an attachment 2, support wheels 3 with screw mechanisms for adjusting the working depth, disk knives 4, plane-cutting legs 5, slithereries 6, rollers, including a spring-loaded frame 7 and a slatted drum 8, brackets 9 for mounting removable side frames 10 and removable side frames 10, which provide the ability to change the width of the implement and are fixed in brackets 9 with the help of fingers. Frame 1 contains the main 11 (with flat-cut legs) and an additional 12 longitudinal beams placed between them, on which only deep-loosening legs can be installed. The drum 8 is made in the form of a cylinder formed by toothed strips 13 placed on its surface as a multi-helix. The racks of plane-cutting paws 5 mounted on the side beams of the frame 1 are placed inside the frame 1. The distance along the working width between the racks of the plane-cutting paws 5 (their inter-track, working width) is 750 mm.

The universal soil cultivating tool of chisel modifications (see Fig. 4, 5) on the central frame 1 with an attachment 2 and support wheels 3 contains deep-loosening (chisel) legs 14 and a gear block in the form of spring-loaded frames 15 with sections of 16 gear disks, the axes of which form an angle y with the vertex facing back. The frame contains brackets 9 for attaching removable side frames 10, the main 11 and an additional 12 longitudinal beams on which deep-ripping (chisel) legs 14 are mounted. The distance between them along the implement’s working width is s = 450 mm; The tool also contains support racks 17. The racks of deep-raking paws 14, mounted on the side beams of the central frame G, are located outside the frame 1. The distance s along the width of the implement between the racks of deep-raking paws is less than the distance S between the racks of plane-cutting paws, but more than half, t. e. 0.5S <s <S or exactly: s = 0.6 S.

Disk gear section 16 is made in the form of mounted on the shaft with nuts on its ends of the gear discs, bushings between them and bearing assemblies mounted on the frame 15.

Universal tillage tool works as follows.

When deepening the working bodies of plane-slit-and-slash modifications of the implement, disk knives 4 cut plant debris or sod in front of the pylon racks 5. Flat-cut paws 5 of the optimal working width (working width 750 mm) cut and loosen the soil layer to a set depth (up to 16 cm), 6 glue cut cracks in the lower soil layer (to a depth of 35 cm), destroy the plow sole, improve the permeability of the formation. When working with devices, the drum 8 of the roller or section 16 of the gear discs is compacted and additionally crumbled the top layer of the soil, level the field microrelief. Installing sections 16 with the top back excludes the possibility of clogging the gap between them, improves the quality of their work.

Tractors with low attachment capacity (tracked type DT-75M) are aggregated with tools of plane-cut-and-slit modifications (without attachments) carrying five flat-cut paws 5 and two slithereries b or with a tool without side frames 10, in which three flat-cut paws are mounted on the central frame 1 5, two to three circular knives 4, two to three slitherez 6, and a roller or section 16 of a block crusher. For aggregation with low mounted tracked tractors, the chisel modification of the implement with the attachment should not contain side frames 10. In the absence of attachments (skating rink, block chipper), the implement with deep-digging paws 14 and side frames 10 (without paws) is also aggregated with low mounted tracked tractors.

During the work of the chisel modification of the implement, deep-loosening paws 14 loosen the soil layer below the plow sole (to a depth of 35 cm) with an optimal inter-track s = 0.6 S (450 mm). This improves the water-air regime of the reservoir and effective soil fertility. When working with the roller or sections 16, they additionally crumble and compact the soil and level the field microrelief.

Only the proposed implementation of the frame 1 made it possible to rationally install various paws of the optimum working width (750 and 450 mm) on one gun: plane-cutting 5 and deep-sowing 14.

Thus, the universal mounted tillage implement with a variable working width ensures optimal loading of the tractor with low attachment when deep cultivating the soil with deep-cultivating paws 14 or small loosening with flat-cutting tines 5 with their optimal working width and rational placement on the implement frame.

Claims (3)

1. A universal tillage implement, including a central frame with a linkage mechanism, support wheels and interchangeable flat-cutting legs with uprights or deep-loosening legs with racks placed with a smaller distance along the implement’s working width, characterized in that the distance along the implement’s working width between the deep-loosening paws is more than half of such the distance between the plane-cutting paws, while on the side beams of the central frame the racks of deep-loosening paws are installed outside the frame, and the plane-cutting paws are installed inside the frame, in addition, the implement is equipped with removable side frames with flat-cut legs mounted outside the frames. 2. Tillage tool according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the flat-cut paws mounted disk knives, and behind the paws - glippers. 3. Tillage tool according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that on the central frame behind the paws there is a removable device for additional tillage, for example a planer roller or gear block crusher, made in the form of a pair of sections of gear discs, the axes of which are located at an angle to a transverse line in the form of the sides of an obtuse angle facing back with an apex.