RU2552364C1 - Rotary cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: rotary cultivator comprises a frame, racks with hubs with a pair of flat discs. The pair of flat discs is mounted with the ability of free rotation with a slope towards each other in the horizontal and vertical planes. The discs are mounted so that the distance between their upper front cutting edges is greater than that between the lower rear edges. On the inner sides of the pair of flat discs radially around the circumference of their cutting edges the blades are fixed. The blades have a shape of a rectangular trapezoid and secured to the discs with larger base of the trapezoid. The length of the smaller base of the blades is equal to the depth of tillage. Each rack is equipped with a hydraulic vibrator and a spring which provide vibration of the hub with the disc in the vertical direction in the plane of rotation of the disc. The racks are attached to the frame by means of brackets and have an ability of movement along it in the transverse direction.

EFFECT: reduction of energy consumption and stable depth of tillage, increase in the degree of soil crumbling.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to rotary implements for tillage.

Known rotary tool for surface tillage [1], containing batteries of disk working bodies, consisting of separate sections, including two disks mounted on a curved axis with the possibility of free rotation. In this case, the rotation planes of these two disks form an angle α between themselves. The curved axes of the sections are connected to each other motionlessly and form a solid battery, the bending lines of the curved axes of each section lying in the same plane, deviated from the vertical towards the translational movement of the gun by an angle φ, which ensures a minimum distance between the disks at the level of the field surface in the exit zone them out of the soil.

The disadvantage of this tool is that it performs only surface tillage, poorly copies the surface of the field and is not able to perform deeper tillage.

The prototype is a disk cultivator [2], including a frame with racks and a pair of flat disks fixed to the racks by means of hubs inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear ones.

The disadvantages of the prototype is that for deepening the disks requires a significant vertical load, which leads to uneven tillage in depth. In addition, high-quality crumbling of the soil is not always ensured due to slippage of disks and insufficient engagement of the formation located in the interdisk space.

The invention consists in the following.

The technical result is a reduction in energy intensity of tillage, ensuring a stable depth of cultivation and an increase in the degree of crumbling.

This is achieved by the fact that in a rotary cultivator, including a frame, racks mounted on it and a pair of flat discs inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear, fixed to the racks by means of hubs , racks are equipped with hydraulic vibrators, providing their vibration in the axial direction, and flat disks are equipped with blades. The blades have the shape of a rectangular trapezoid and are located radially around the circumference of the cutting edge of the discs. The blades are fixed to the discs motionlessly from the inside with a large base of the trapezoid, and the length of their smaller base is equal to the maximum depth of tillage.

The rotary cultivator is illustrated by the schemes:

figure 1 - diagram of a rotary cultivator, front view;

figure 2 - diagram of a rotary cultivator, top view;

figure 3 - the technological process of the cultivator, view a in figure 1.

The rotary cultivator (figure 1, 2) consists of a frame 1, on which a pair of flat discs 7 are fixed with the possibility of free rotation by means of racks 5 and hubs 6. A pair of flat discs 7 are inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes and have a greater distance between upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear. The blades 8 are fixedly fixed on the inside of a pair of flat discs 7 radially around the circumference of their cutting edges. The blades 8 are in the form of a rectangular trapezoid and are fixed to the discs with a large base of the trapezoid, and the length of their smaller base is equal to the depth of soil cultivation a (Fig. 3). Each rack 5 is equipped with a hydraulic vibrator 3 and a spring 4, which provide vibration of the hub 6 with the disk 7 in the vertical direction in the plane of rotation of the disk 7. The racks 5 are fixed to the frame 1 using brackets 2 (2) and can be moved along it in the transverse direction.

A rotary cultivator operates as follows.

When moving across the field in the translational direction at a speed V _e (Fig. 3), flat disks 7 with blades 8 under the action of gravity and vibration created by hydraulic vibrators 3 are buried in the soil at a predetermined depth of soil cultivation a . The deepening of the disks 7 into the soil is also facilitated by their installation with a certain angle of inclination in the horizontal plane relative to the direction of movement, the presence of an angle of attack.

In the process of moving a pair of flat discs 7 cut the soil in the longitudinal direction and form the width of the treated formation. In this case, the blades 8 mounted on the inside of the pair of flat discs 7 partially cut the treated soil layer in the transverse plane from two opposite sides. With the further movement of the pair of flat discs 7 forward, due to the fact that the distance between their lower rear cutting edges is slightly less than between the upper front ones, the disks 7 of the treated soil layer are compressed and trapped in the interdisk space. Further, the soil layer begins to rise upward and the formation is torn off from the bottom of the furrow and in the transverse direction along the cut line by the blades 8. This ensures the destruction and separation of the treated soil layer from the main monolith due to tensile deformations, which requires 2-3 times less effort, than soil destruction by shear deformations and 13–20 times less than compression deformations.

Torn away from the main monolith, pinched by disks 7 and held by blades 8, a layer of soil rises to a certain height as the disks 7 rotate. In this case, the distance between the rear cutting edges of the disks 7 begins to increase and the soil sandwiched between the disks is released. Further, under the action of centrifugal forces, the soil layer is ejected into the furrow formed after the passage of a pair of disks 7. At the same time, due to partial compression of the soil in the interdisc space and its further fall to the bottom of the furrow, intensive crumbling occurs. The presence of a cultivator of hydraulic vibrators 3 provides a stable deepening of the disks 7 into the soil and allows you to withstand a given depth of processing.

Depending on the condition and type of cultivated soil, a pair of flat discs 7 can be installed at different distances from each other by loosening the brackets 2 and moving the racks 5 across the frame 1 in the transverse direction. For light, sandy soils, the distance between the discs 7 is reduced, and for heavy and compacted soils, they are increased.

Thus, such a design of the rotary cultivator provides a stable penetration of the disk working bodies into the soil and an increase in the degree of crumbling of the treated formation with minimal energy consumption.

List of used literature.

1. RF patent №128060, IPC АВВ 21/00. Rotary implements for surface tillage / A.R. Valiev, B.G. Ziganshin, R.V. Minikaev et al. 11/22/2012, publ. 05/20/2013, bull. Number 14.

2. Panov I.M. Physical foundations of soil mechanics / I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetohin. - K .: Phoenix, 2008 .-- S. 36-38.

Claims (1)

A rotary cultivator comprising a frame, racks fixed to it and a pair of flat discs inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear edges, and fixed to the racks by means of hubs, characterized in that the racks are equipped with hydraulic vibrators to ensure their vibration in the axial direction, and the flat disks are equipped with vanes having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid and located radially around the circumference of their cutting edge holes, and the blades are fixed to the discs motionless from the inside with a large base of the trapezoid, and the length of the smaller base is equal to the maximum depth of tillage.

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