RU2522320C1 - Combined plough for smooth plowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combined plough comprises a frame with ploughshare bodies, a disc blade, joggers, subsoilers with rotary body in the form of a ribbed cone. Each rotary body is a multi-start screw and mounted behind the bodies.

EFFECT: reduction of energy intensity of tillage and improving the quality of its crumbling.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined tillage implements.

A known method of smooth plowing and plow for its implementation [1]. The device comprises a frame and mirror-mounted right- and left-turning plow bodies mounted on it, four pushers and a circular knife. The pushers are adjustable in height and are installed in two rows so that the intersection point of the directions of the blades of the pushers of the first row is in front, and the second row is behind the right- and left-handed buildings. In this case, the double case is made with screw, and the right- and left-turning cases with half-screw dumps. The disadvantage of this invention is that it does not deepen the arable layer.

Also known is a combined anti-erosion tool containing a frame with a support wheel, an attachment, plow bodies and subsoilers located behind each plow body, characterized in that the subsoilers are pivotally mounted on the implement frame and have a mechanism for imparting vibrations to them in the transverse direction, the mechanism of imparting vibrations made hydraulic. [one]. The disadvantage of this invention is the high energy intensity of the processing process and low quality.

The closest analogue of the proposed utility model is a plow-ripper, including a frame with plow bodies and subsoilers for loosening in the form of knives having the shape of a wedge, one of whose sides coincides with the direction of movement, and shifted relative to each other by a distance equal to the width of the knife (USSR AS No. 178584, A01 B45a, 1966). The disadvantage of this analogue is the high energy intensity of the processing process and the poor quality of work due to the formation of a core of dragging the soil in front of passive wedge-shaped knives during operation.

The technical result is a reduction in energy intensity and improving the quality of crumbling while deepening the soil.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a combined plow for smooth plowing, including a frame with plow bodies, disk knives and pushers and subsoilers mounted behind the bodies, the subsoilers are equipped with a rotational body in the form of a ribbed cone mounted on bearings, with the possibility of frictional rotational movement around its own axis, and which is a multi-screw, and the Central angle at the top of the cone has a size determined by the ratio:

$$\beta =arctg\left(\frac{a}{l_{\mathrm{one}}}\right)-\epsilon ,\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where a is the depth of the deepening (loosening of the soil) of the subsurface layer;

β is the central angle at the apex of the cone of the rotational organ;

l ₁ - the value of the departure of the top of the cone from the rack;

ε is the rear cutting angle.

In addition, in a combined plow for smooth plowing, subsoilers are located behind the hulls at a distance determined by the ratio:

$$L=\frac{a}{tg\left(\epsilon +\beta \right)}+a\cdot tg\left(\epsilon +\varphi \right),\left(2\right)$$

where φ is the angle of friction of the soil on the working surface of the top of the cone.

The invention is presented in:

figure 1 - Combined plow for smooth plowing, side view.

figure 2 - Combined plow for smooth plowing, top view.

figure 3 - Diagram of a subsoiler with a rotary organ.

figure 4 - Design of a rotary subsoiler.

Combined plow for smooth plowing (Fig. 1, 2) consists of a frame 1, with a hinged mechanism 2, height-adjustable disk knife 3, a double casing 4, right- and left-turning casing 5 and 6, respectively, placed in two rows of sliders 7, subsoilers 8 and support wheels 9.

The subsoilers are equipped with rotary bodies 10 in the form of a cone. The working surface (figure 3, view A) of the cone 10 is made in the form of a multi-screw. The cone 10 (figure 4) is mounted on bearings 12, with the possibility of rotational motion around its own axis 13 under the action of friction forces. Moreover, the central angle at the apex of the cone has a size determined by the relation $$\beta =arctg\left(\frac{a}{l_{\mathrm{one}}}\right)-\epsilon .$$

The disk knife 3 (figure 2) is located in front of the double body 4 on the plane of its longitudinal symmetry. The twin body 4 is provided with screw dumps, and the right- and left-turning bodies 5 and 6, respectively, have half-screw dumps. The pushers 7 are placed on the frame 1 in two rows. Subsoilers 8 are installed behind the double housing 4 and the right- and left-turning housings 5 and 6, respectively. The support wheels 9 and the pushers 7 are equipped with a height adjustment mechanism.

Combined plow for smooth plowing works as follows.

Before starting work, using the height adjustment mechanisms, set the desired plowing depth and the required stroke depth of the disk knife 3. Then, depending on the stroke depth of the plow bodies (plowing depth), the position of the sliders 7 is set in height. In this case, the adjustment is made in this way so that during the operation of the combined tool they were at the level of the surface of the treated field.

During the movement of the combined plow for smooth plowing across the field, the disk knife 3 performs a vertical incision of the soil to a set depth, then the twin body 4, having screw dumps, cuts the two middle soil layers, separates them along the incision line of the disk knife 3 and stacks with the revolution on the untreated field surface in different directions. The front subsoiler 8 goes along a furrow open by double hulls 4, is embedded in the soil to a set depth, and rotates, providing a high degree of crumbling, due to friction of the soil on the working surface of the cone 10, made in the form of a multi-screw. During operation of the rotating cone 10, the core of the soil drawing is not formed. This leads to a decrease in the energy intensity of processing while improving its quality. With further movement of the guns, the pushers 7, installed in the first row, move the layers cut by the double casing 4 to the sides along the field surface without a revolution by a distance equal to the width of the plow bodies "b". Next, the right- and left-turning hulls 5 and 6, respectively, having half-screw dumps, cut and wrap the extreme layers into the furrows of the middle layers formed by the double body 4. The rear subsoilers 8 go along the open furrow formed by the bodies 5, 6 and work similarly to the front subsoiler. Next, the pushers 7, located in the second row, move the soil layers located on the surface and previously displaced by the pushers 7 of the first row in the opposite direction, lay them in the furrows formed after the passage of the right- and left-handed buildings 5 and 6, respectively.

The implementation of the rotary subsoiler in the form of a cone 10 with a central angle at the apex of the cone β, calculated by the relation (1), contributes to its good penetration into the soil, i.e. its performance, as this ensures a positive value of the trailing angle of cutting ε. The angle ε depends on the depth of cultivation and the design parameters of the rotary cultivator.

The placement of the soil tillage machines 8 behind the hulls at a strictly defined distance, calculated by the ratio (2), ensures high-quality work in open furrow conditions, excluding clogging and their interaction with the arable soil layer. This helps to reduce the traction resistance of the guns and better loosening of the subsurface horizon and the destruction of the plow sole.

Thus, the combined plow provides smooth plowing of the soil with simultaneous loosening of the subsurface layer and the destruction of the plow sole. Such treatment eliminates the formation of dump grooves and breakup ridges on the surface of the field, helps to increase the water permeability of the soil and can be used on slopes prone to water erosion.

In this case, the set of features characterizing the device provides a super-total effect.

List of references

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2222130, A01 B79 / 00, 3/30, 2004

2. RF patent for the invention №2012176, A01 B13 / 16, 17/00, 1994

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 178584, A01 B45a, 1966

Claims (1)

Combined plow for smooth plowing, including a frame with plow bodies, a circular knife and pushers, characterized in that it contains subsoilers mounted behind the bodies, equipped with a rotary body in the form of a ribbed cone mounted on bearings, with the possibility of frictional rotation around its own axis, which is multi-screw, and the Central angle at the top of the cone has a size determined by the ratio:

moreover, the subsoilers are located at the rear of the housings at a distance determined by the ratio:

where a is the depth of loosening of the subsurface layer, ε is the rear cutting angle, l ₁ is the radius of the peak of the cone from the stand of the subsoiler, φ is the angle of friction of the soil on the working surface of the top of the cone.

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