RU2706565C1 - Two-share plow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used for basic tillage. Two-share plow consists of several hulls, each of which includes main ploughshare, having angle of chipping, dump, posts with hammer knife with chisel located on side, field board. Above the main share on the post there is an additional ploughshare, made flat. Distance between plows is 100–120 mm. Splitting angle of additional ploughshare by 3–5° larger than main ploughshare cracking angle, and additional plow pitch at 7–10° larger than main shingle shift angle. Additional ploughshare can be adjusted by means of replaceable fixture. Additional ploughshare is made with possibility of chipping elements dislocation on soil surface to exclude necessity of application colters installation.

EFFECT: invention ensures implementation of technical result consists in improvement of quality of plowing with simultaneous reduction of costs for subsequent treatment of soil.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely for primary tillage.

State of the art

Known plow, consisting of a ploughshare, blade, racks with a vertical knife (Klenin N.I., Sakun V.A. Agricultural and reclamation machines - M .: Kolos, 1994, S. 56 ... 61).

Disadvantage: additional tillage by harrows, destroying the lumps formed.

Known two-plow plow, comprising a stand, main share, blade, additional share located in a horizontal plane (Plow "Jive" 560 Kubanzheldormash, see information http://www.zdm.ru/products/texnika-dlya-obrabotki-pochvyi/ navesnyie-plugi / plugi-dvuxlemeshnyie-s-perevyimi-otvalami).

As a drawback, it should be noted that the additional share is located horizontally, asymmetrically with the main share. In this case, the ploughshare works as a wide-cut plane cutter. The width of the housing increases, but the quality indicators are not significantly changed.

The closest in technical essence and identity to the positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is the PTN-3-40 plow. The plow includes three hulls for cultivating the upper tier and three hulls for cultivating the lower tier of soil. Each case includes a ploughshare, blade, rack, knife (Khalansky V.N., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines - M .: Kolos, 2006, p. 48 ... 50).

The disadvantage of this plow is its bulkiness, high material consumption, the need for crafts for each furrow of a pair of bodies.

Disclosure of invention

The problem that can be achieved using the present invention is to improve the quality indicators of tillage, improve the structure of the upper layer, reduce the cost of subsequent tillage. With the applied technology of plowing, a clumpy surface is formed (Fig. 1). To reduce it, a two-plow plow is proposed (Fig. 2)

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the device of the two-plow plow above the main share on the stand there is an additional share, made flat, while the distance between the shares is 100 ... 120 mm, and the angle of crushing of the additional share is 2 ° ... 3 ° greater than the angle of crushing of the main share and the shear angle of the additional share is 7 ° ... 10 ° greater than the shear angle of the main share.

The distance between the main and additional shares can be changed by the rotation mechanism.

An additional share has the ability to move back and forth by moving the holder.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

FIG. 1 - View of the field after plowing with a standard plow

FIG. 2 - 3D model of a two-body plow body;

FIG. 3 - Two-plow front view;

FIG. 4 - Two-plow plow, side view;

FIG. 5 - Two-plow plow, top view;

FIG. 6 - Diagram of the mutual arrangement of the main and additional shares;

FIG. 7 - Diagram of the movement of cut soil strata.

The implementation of the invention

The two-plow plow (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6) is made of a housing consisting of a stand 1, the main share 2, blade 3, a cutter blade with a bit 4, holder 5 for additional share 6. An additional share 6 is mounted above the main share 2 at a distance of 100 ... 120 mm

Determination of forces acting on additional ploughshare 6:

_{F o = F p + F mp} + F _and,

where F _p - cutting force of the soil, N;

F _mp - the friction force of the soil on the steel surface of the additional share, N;

F _And - the force of inertia, N.

Cutting power of soil and roots:

F _p = t⋅b⋅k⋅ _cosγd ⋅ (1 + ƒ) ⋅ [1 + μ (U _p -U ₀ )],

where t is the thickness of the blade additional ploughshare 6, m;

t is the coefficient of friction;

b is the working width of the additional share 6, m;

γ _d - shift angle optional coulter 6 degrees;

μ - speed coefficient (km / h ^-1 );

k is the soil resistivity, taking into account the cutting of roots, N / m ² .

According to V.A. Zheligovsky, indicated in the textbook Klenina N.I., Sakuna V.A. (Agricultural and land reclamation machines - M .: C29 Kolos, 1994. - 751 s: ill.) - "the part of the knife where there is no sliding of the material should be attributed to the blade, and the one where the sliding is observed is to bevels."

Hence the thickness of the blade:

a = 2r⋅sintϕ _in ,

where r is the radius of curvature of the blade, m;

ϕ _in - angle of internal friction of the soil, deg;

t = 2⋅3⋅sin 25 ° = 3.8 mm = 0.0038 m.

At t = 0.0038 m; b = 0.35 m; k = 40,000 N / m ² :

cutting force

F _p = 0.0038⋅0.35⋅0.67⋅40000⋅1.4 [1 + 0.05 (10-6)] = 60Н.

Inertia force:

where h _c - the height of the cut soil layer, m;

W _l - the width of the additional share 6, m;

- объемная масса почвы, кг/м³

- bulk soil mass, kg / m ³

=1000 кг/м³:When h _c = 0.22 m; W _l = 0.11; b = 0.35 m;

= 1000 kg / m ³ :

inertia force:

F _I = 0.22⋅0.111⋅0.35⋅1000⋅9.8 = 83H.

Friction force:

F _mp = F _AND - (1 + sinα) ⋅ƒ,

where α is the angle of crushing additional ploughshare 6, deg.

Then:

F _mp = 83⋅1.5⋅0.4 = 50N.

From here:

F ₀ = 60 + 83 + 50 = 193H.

The force under the action of which moves in a horizontal plane undercut by an additional ploughshare soil layer:

F _P = F ₀ ⋅cosγ _d + F _mp ;

F _P = 193⋅0.67 + 50 = 179H.

When γ ₀ = 38 °; γ _D = 48 °.

The presence of additional ploughshare 6 excludes the installation of skimmers on the plow (Fig. 3, 4.5). This leads to a decrease in the distance between the plow bodies. Reducing the length of the plow improves its maneuverability and the quality of tillage.

The technological process of plowing is as follows. The upper layer of soil undercut additional ploughshare 6 (Fig. 7). The lower part is cut by the main share 2. Both layers of soil are moved and stacked in the free furrow 7, cut by the previous plow body.

The increase in the angle of shear γ _d additional ploughshare 6 provides a cut of the soil with sliding, which reduces energy consumption. The implementation of smooth plowing, without ridges, by reducing the height of the cut soil layers provides a decrease in clumpiness of the surface. The plow becomes more compact, maneuverable.

Claims (3)

1. Two-plow plow, consisting of several buildings, each of which includes a main share, having a mowing angle, a blade, racks with a cuttings knife with a bit located on the side, a field board, characterized in that an additional share is made over the main share on the rack, made flat, while the distance between the shares is 100-120 mm, and the angle of crushing it is 3 ° -5 ° greater than the angle of crushing of the main share, and the angle of shift of the additional share is 7 ° -10 ° more than the angle of shift of the main share. 2. A two-part plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional ploughshare is mounted with the possibility of regulation by means of a replaceable mount. 3. Two-plow plow according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional ploughshare is made with the possibility of chipping off clumpy elements on the soil surface to eliminate the need for installation of skimmers.

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