RU2716997C1 - Destructor of strong soil structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to soil treatment devices. Destructor of structure of strong soil contains rigid post with sharpened front edge in part interacting with soil, and connected to it working element, with possibility of its position change along height. Working element in the horizontal position of the axis is made in the form of a cone with a half cut off downwards by a horizontal plane of symmetry. Cone is fixed on plate in form of isosceles triangle with sharpened lateral edges protruding beyond cone. Plate is flush-fixed to conical part by screws. On each side of the post there are side slots in the area of interaction with soil. Sharp detachable frontal part of the post has a cross-section of the working part in the form of an isosceles triangle with elastic side elements equipped with bulges made for their placement in the post slots.

EFFECT: improved tillage quality.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Solid soil disruptor refers to soil tillage devices.

State of the art

Known devices for tillage, see, for example, the book "Agricultural and land reclamation machines" section "Machines and implements for tillage", edited by Acad. G.I. Listopada, Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1986 or, book of N.I. Klenin and V.I. Sakun "Agricultural and land reclamation machines" section "Machines and implements for tillage", M .: Kolos, 1994. A disadvantage of the known devices is the inability to use them to destroy the structure of strong soil.

Known tillage implement (patent RU 2120710 C1, publ. 10/27/1998) containing loosely mounted working bodies with vertical plow dumps mounted on a frame in a row at an acute angle to the direction of movement. The profile of the loosening working bodies is made in the form of a part of the conical surface with a bulge up.

The disadvantage of the tillage tool is the laborious operations of replacing the working bodies with subsequent adjustment and significant costs of energy and mechanical resources when using them.

Closest to the claimed device by design and technical nature are cultivators, chisels, deep-rippers and other devices, including a working body interacting with the soil in its thickness, for example, a paw of a plane cutter, a loosening chisel and other, rigid racks connected to the working body, deepening mechanism and traction device, see the book "Agricultural and land reclamation machines" edited by Acad. G.I. Leaf fall rice. 1.1 and fig. 1.4 or a book by N.I. Klenin and V.I. Sakun "Agricultural and land reclamation machines", Moscow: Kolos, 1994, fig. 1.60 and fig. 1.66. A disadvantage of the known devices is the impossibility of using them to effectively destroy the structure of solid soil.

Disclosure of Invention

All known tillage devices are classified according to numerous criteria, including classifications according to purpose and principle of operation, see, for example, the book “Agricultural and land reclamation machines”, edited by Acad. G.I. Listopada, Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 5. Among the well-known classifications for their intended purpose, there is no concept of “destruction of a durable soil layer”. Therefore, there are also no corresponding devices designed to carry out the action to destroy a durable soil layer. Let us explain the essence of what has been said.

Known soils containing a loamy or clay component, which in an arid climate can form a very strong structure. The processing of such heavy soils and, first of all, their plowing requires large expenditures of energy and mechanical resources. Common sense and practice suggests that the preliminary (before plowing) destruction of the solid structure of the arable layer of such soil with the formation of numerous cracks and microcracks leads to a positive effect, reducing overall fuel consumption and virtually eliminating the failure of mechanical systems and working bodies.

We give a brief justification of the possibility of organizing the destruction of the soil structure and the principle of forming a device for realizing this goal. As you know, see, for example, Prince. “Physical foundations of soil mechanics” I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetokhin, Kiev, 2008 ed. Phoenix, the soil forms a rather complex system containing, in addition to plasma, all other forms of matter state solid, liquid and gaseous, having a mineral and organic origin. From the point of view of strength, the soil of minimum moisture is similar to stone materials, that is, it is a brittle material with compressive strength many times greater than the strength of other types of deformed state and, especially, tensile. It is known that the tensile strength is more than an order of magnitude lower than the compressive strength, see, for example, book. “Physical foundations of soil mechanics” I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetokhin, Kiev, 2008 ed. Phoenix, p. 31. This factor plays a decisive role in creating a working body that allows organizing soil destruction most effectively. In other words, for the destruction of the soil with the expenditure of minimum energy, it is necessary to create tensile stresses in it. We show that tensile stresses in the arable soil layer can be created.

First, we will justify the fundamental possibility of forming a working body - a destroyer of the structure of strong soil (destroyer), such that when it interacts with the soil, it creates tensile stresses, we note that experimental studies are needed to clarify the geometric parameters of the destroyer.

The depth of the main tillage is determined by the interval from 16 to 24 cm. For example, the book “Agricultural and land reclamation machines” edited by Acad. G.I. Listopada, Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 9. The occurrence of tensile stresses of a local character in the soil can be organized by various devices, including a rigid undeformable shell moving in its thickness and spreading the soil in such a way that it, among others directions, moves up. Such a projectile can have a conical shape at the top, move horizontally (parallel to the day surface) in the thickness of the arable layer in a certain depth interval. This projectile consists of a steel plate in the form of an isosceles triangle with pointed lateral edges, on which a steel element is fixed in the form of a half cone, from a part cut by a plane of symmetry, with the lateral pointed edges of the plate protruding beyond the perimeter of the conical part of the projectile. Moving progressively along its axis, the pointed edges of the steel plate of the projectile first cut the soil outside the cone, and then this conical component deforms and compacts the soil, moving it around the perimeter. As a result, a tunnel hole is formed with a section in the form of a semicircle, that is, a vault is formed in and out of the soil. In this case, two results are possible: the formation of a durable arch or its destruction already in the process of "construction". It depends on the size of the projectile, on the depth of its position in the soil and on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. To assess the achievement of the state of ultimate equilibrium of the soil, the Coulomb – Mohr strength hypothesis is usually used; see, for example, vol. “Physical foundations of soil mechanics” I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetokhin, Kiev, 2008 ed. Phoenix, p. 69, when the limiting state at a point depends on the magnitude and combination of the stresses arising. Here it is obvious that the destruction of the soil occurs when the pressure of the overlying soil layer does not balance the pressure of the opposite sign that occurs when the projectile moves. In this case, tensile stresses rupture this arch.

=60 мм/tg25° ~ 130 мм.Now we consider the geometry of the main (conical) part of the working body in a horizontal position, capable of realizing this process in practice. Assuming the average angle of internal friction of the soil on steel α = 25 °, see the book by N.I. Klenin and V.I. Sakun "Agricultural and land reclamation machines" M .: Kolos, 1994 p. 50, you can assign (as a first approximation) this angle between the axis of the cone and its generatrix. The radius of the base of the cone R will be taken commensurate with the largest depth of the main tillage h ~ 24 cm, not more than, for example, 0.25 h, that is, R ~ 60 mm. Thus, the ultimate length of the conical part of the destroyer is calculated

= 60 mm / tg25 ° ~ 130 mm.

The pointed edges of the plate in the direction of travel are the first to interact with the soil. They cut the soil and thereby help the work of the conical part, reducing energy costs. Obviously, the plate wears out first. Therefore, its connection with the conical part is detachable. A similar decision was made for the stand, with a removable cutting part, although its interaction with the soil is secondary, since it moves in the area of already destroyed soil. A rigid rack for attaching the destroyer must be made with the possibility of changing the depth of the position of the destroyer, for example, as is done for the stand of the cultivating paw, see the book by N.I. Klenin and V.I. Sakun "Agricultural and land reclamation machines", Moscow: Kolos, 1994, fig. 1.38, p. 64. Retention of the destroyer when working at a given depth is achieved by one of the known design solutions, for example, by installing support wheels, see, for example, the book “Agricultural and reclamation machines” edited by Acad. G.I. Listopada, Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1986, p. 9, fig. 1.3, p. 15.

The organization of the process of soil destruction can be as follows. After preliminary destruction by one destroyer installed at a certain depth, the approximate area of propagation of cracks and microcracks in a three-dimensional dimension is estimated. Then, if necessary, the depth of the position of the destroyer changes and the step of placing the remaining destroyers is established.

The cracks and microcracks formed as a result of the treatment subsequently contribute to better soil cultivation, and in the presence of precipitation, more effective penetration of moisture into the soil and its uniform moistening.

The operation to destroy the structure of solid soil can be included in the system of pre-cultivation.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the destroyer, side view.

In FIG. 2 shows a frontal projection of a destroyer.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the destroyer in the plan.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of a mounting of a triangular element.

In FIG. 5 shows the labeling of the rack with grooves

In FIG. 6 is a diagram of crack formation.

In FIG. 7 is a diagram of soil destruction.

The implementation of the invention

Destroyer of the structure of strong soil, includes a rigid stand 1 and a working element connected to it by bolts 2, made in the horizontal position of the axis in the form of a steel cone 3 with half cut off horizontal plane of symmetry to the bottom and a groove for connection with the stand 1, mounted on the plate 4, made in the form of an isosceles triangle with pointed lateral edges protruding beyond the cone, fixed to the conical part 3 with screws 5 flush, and on each side of the rack 1 there are side grooves 6 in the region interacting with the soil, and the pointed removable front part 7 of the rack 1 has a cross section of the working part in the form of an isosceles triangle 8 with elastic side elements 9 provided with bulges 10 made for their placement in the grooves 6 of the rack 1.

The process of soil destruction is organized as follows. After preliminary destruction by one destroyer installed at a certain depth, the approximate area of propagation of cracks and microcracks in a three-dimensional dimension is estimated. Then, if necessary, the depth of the position of the destroyer changes and the step of placing the remaining destroyers is established. The destroyer works this way. First, the sharp edges of the plate 4 cut the soil layer 11, then the conical part 3 raises this layer to the height of the radius of the cone base, and tensile stresses and cracks (microcracks) 12 arise in the soil, the maximum value of which is realized at the highest point of the base of the conical surface , where the rack 1 moves with the pointed front part 7 (Fig. 7).

The device provides the ability to replace the cutting elements 4 and 7, subject to wear.

Claims (1)

Destroyer of the structure of solid soil, including a rigid stand with a pointed front edge in the part interacting with the soil, and a working element connected to it, with the possibility of changing its height position, characterized in that the working element in the horizontal position of the axis is made in the form of a cone with a cut off downward by a horizontal plane of symmetry half, fixed on the plate in the form of an isosceles triangle with pointed lateral edges protruding beyond the cone, fixed to the conical part and flush screws, and on each side of the rack side grooves are made in the area of interaction with the soil, and the pointed removable front part of the rack has a cross section of the working part in the form of an isosceles triangle with elastic side elements equipped with thickenings made for their placement in the grooves of the rack.

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