RU2215388C1 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, subsoil tillage equipment. SUBSTANCE: combined tillage tool has frame, cutting disks and shear hoes, which are arranged in succession on shafts mounted on frame. Mellowing device is mounted between middle cutting disks at intersection point of cutting disks arrangement lines. Tillage tool is further equipped with flat hoes arranged on frame behind disks, harrow roll mounted behind flat hoes, and slitters positioned behind outer cutting disks in the vicinity of cutting edge junctions. Cutting disks and flat hoes are arranged in two rows. Cutting disks are positioned in upper row, have positive rear shear angle and are arranged at predetermined distance from one another in transversely overlapped relation with one another. Distances between cutting disk shafts is determined from equation: S=(D-e)/Sin α, where D is diameter of cutting disk; e is transverse disk overlap value; α is angle between tillage tool advancement direction and line of arrangement of cutting disks. Flat hoes are positioned in horizontal plane in the form of arrow. EFFECT: reduced power consumption and improved quality of soil tillage. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined implements for subsurface tillage.

 Known devices for tillage, which contain rotors with a vertical axis of rotation and their drive mechanisms, spherical disks mounted on racks, as well as leveling bars or rollers (A.S. USSR 374044, M. class A 01 B 33/06, 1973 ) This tillage implement is very energy intensive, complex in design and unreliable in operation.

 Also known is a combined tillage implement (a.s. 460844, M. cl. A 01 B 49/00, 1975), including a frame with flat-cutting legs mounted on it and rippers placed behind them, made in the form of passive disks installed along the working width over the upper edge of the paws.

 This implement cannot prepare the soil for sowing in one pass of the unit due to the poor quality of work.

 The closest analogue to the proposed one is a tillage implement containing at least one pair of cutting blades located in the horizontal plane at an angle to the direction of movement and made in the form of cutting disks attached to shafts to the frame and located behind the cutting disks parallel to the horizontal plane of the cultivator battery equipped with circular knives located in front of the extreme cutting disks at the joints of their cutting edges and a loosening working body located between the middle cutting wheels at the intersection of the lines of their placement (RF Patent No. 2152702, M.kl. A 01 B 49/02, 2000).

 Common disadvantages of the known tools is the frequent clogging of the cutting discs with moist soil in the area of their overlap and the high energy intensity of the processing process and the low quality of work resulting from this.

 The technical result is a reduction in energy intensity and improving the quality of tillage.

This is achieved by the fact that the combined tillage implement, comprising a frame with paws fixed on it on the shafts, sequentially cutting discs located between the middle cutting discs at the intersection of the lines of their placement, the loosening working body is equipped with plane-cutting paws mounted on the frame behind the discs mounted behind them with a furrowed roller and slotted holes located behind the extreme cutting disks, at the joints of their cutting edges, while the cutting disks and plane-cutting legs are installed in two tiers, and The other disks are installed in the upper tier, have a positive rear cutting angle and are located at a distance from each other with overlapping in the transverse direction, while the distance between the shafts of the cutting disks is determined by the equation
S = (De) / Sinα,
where D is the diameter of the cutting disc,
e - the amount of overlap of the disks in the transverse direction;
α is the angle between the direction of movement of the unit and the line of placement of the cutting discs.

 The loosening working body is installed in the upper tier to the depth of seed placement, and the flat-cutting legs are installed in the horizontal plane in the form of an arrow.

 1. The claimed technical solution "Combined tillage implement" - meets the criterion of "novelty of the technical solution." A patent information search for identifying analogues and a prototype was carried out using the funds of the KSAA, TSNTI and the Republican Library of Kazan. As a result of this, a technical solution was revealed - "Tillage tool" (RF Patent 2152702, M. cl. A 01 B 49/02), taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

2. A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution, not only with a technical solution known in the art — an analogue, but also a prototype — made it possible to identify a number of significant distinguishing features forming a new population not known from the “prior art”, specifically
- the tool is equipped with plane-cutting legs mounted on the frame behind the disks, a furrow roller mounted behind them and slotted holes located behind the extreme cutting disks at the joints of their cutting edges;
- the cutting discs and flat-cutting legs are installed in two tiers, and the cutting discs are installed in the upper tier, have a positive rear cutting angle and are located at a distance from each other so overlapping in the transverse direction;
- the distance between the shafts of the cutting discs is determined by the equation above:
S = (De) / Sinα.

- the loosening working body is installed in the upper tier to the depth of seed placement;
- plane-cutting legs mounted in a horizontal plane in the form of an arrow.

 Having at least five significant distinctive features from the prototype, the claimed technical solution is fully consistent with obtaining a new "technical result".

 In FIG. 1 shows a combined tillage implement, top view, figure 2 - section of the implement along A - A in figure 1.

 The combined tillage implement comprises a frame 1 with an attachment 2 and supporting, height-adjustable wheels 3.

Spherical cutting discs 6 are fixed to the frame 1 on the shafts 4 using rolling bearings. Between the front discs 6 at the intersection of the lines 7 of their placement at the same depth as the cutting discs, a loosening working element is installed 8. On the frame 1, plane-cutting legs 9 are fixed to the cutting discs 6. They are mounted horizontally in the form of an arrow. In this case, the cutting discs 6 and flat-cutting legs 9 are installed in two tiers, and the cutting discs are installed in the upper tier, have a positive rear cutting angle and are located at a distance "b" from each other with overlapping in the transverse direction, while the distance between the shafts of the cutting discs determined by the equation
S = (De) / Sinα,
where D is the diameter of the cutting disc;
e - the amount of overlap of the disks in the transverse direction;
α is the angle between the direction of movement of the unit and the line of placement of the cutting discs.

 To the frame 1, behind the plane-cutting organs 9, a harrow roller 10, the teeth of which are placed along helical lines, is pivotally mounted with the possibility of movement in a vertical plane.

 Behind the extreme cutting discs 6, at the joints of their cutting edges, two slitheres 11 are attached to the frame 1. They are made in the form of a one-sided plane-cutting paws, however, their strut is made in the form of a knife with two-sided sharpening.

 Combined tillage implement works as follows.

 When the gun passes through the field, the loosening working element 8 makes a vertical cut of the soil and its initial loosening to the depth of processing of the cutting discs 6. The backward-going cutting spherical discs alternately cut the layers in a horizontal plane to the depth of seed sowing. Under the influence of the cutting discs 6, the soil layer rises along their working surface and crumbles.

 During operation, the cutting spherical discs rotate due to the difference in the pressure of the formation against their blade and working surface, thereby providing sliding cutting, which helps to reduce traction resistance.

 The rotation of the front cutting discs 6 is ensured due to the fact that they go at one edge along the soil loosened by the loosening working body 8. The rotation of the remaining cutting discs 6 is ensured by their placement at a certain distance from each other with overlapping "e" in the transverse direction. This is possible when placing the shafts of the cutting discs from each other at a distance S = (D-e) / Sinα (figure 1).

 This arrangement of cutting discs also contributes to improving the quality of processing due to cutting the soil in the form of narrow tapes and crumbling them separately.

 Two-tier placement of cutting discs and flat-cutting paws also contributes to reducing energy intensity and improving the quality of soil cultivation.

 Plane cutting working bodies 9, located in the lower tier behind the cutting spherical discs 6, carry out deep tillage. They destroy the plow sole and the unprocessed scallops formed after the passage of the cutting spherical discs 6. Placing the plane-cutting working bodies in a horizontal plane in the form of an arrow ensures alignment of the traction resistance of the unit with local fluctuations in the hardness of the soil, evens out the load on the engine and tractor and ultimately improves the quality tillage.

 Slitherese 11 cut the soil in the vertical and horizontal planes, forming the width of the implement and reducing energy consumption by eliminating the separation of the formation by the extreme flat cutting organs 9. Small gaps remaining after their passage are used by the tractor driver as guides in the following passes.

 Boron skating rink 10 due to the presence of teeth located along helical lines, destroys soil lumps and packs the soil with simultaneous loosening and leveling of the surface layer, completing high-quality soil preparation for sowing.

 Thus, the proposed combined tillage implement performs layer-by-layer tillage, providing a high degree of crumbling, and allows you to prepare the soil for sowing in one pass of the unit with minimal energy consumption. In this case, the set of features characterizing the device provides a super-total effect.

Claims (2)

1. A combined tillage implement containing a frame with spherical cutting discs mounted on it on the shafts and located between the middle cutting discs at the intersection of the lines of their placement, a loosening working body, characterized in that the implement is equipped with plane-cutting paws mounted on the frame behind the disks, mounted with a furrow with a roller and slit-cutters located behind the extreme cutting disks, at the joints of their cutting edges, while the cutting disks and plane-cutting legs are installed in two tiers, and the cutting disks are placed in the upper tier, have a positive rear cutting angle and are located at a distance from each other with overlapping in the transverse direction, while the distance between the shafts of the cutting discs is determined by the equation
S = (De) / Sinα,
where D is the diameter of the cutting disc;
e - the amount of overlap of the disks in the transverse direction;
α is the angle between the direction of movement of the unit and the line of placement of the cutting discs.  2. The combined tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the plow-cutting legs are mounted in a horizontal plane in the form of an arrow.

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