RU2811429C1 - Rotary tillage implement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: rotary tillage implement contains a frame on which racks are mounted with a pair of flat disks attached to them by means of hubs. The flat discs are inclined towards each other in the horizontal and vertical planes so that the distance between the upper front cutting edges is greater than between the lower rear cutting edges. Between the flat disks inclined towards each other there is an additional flat disk installed vertically with the ability to move in the longitudinal plane by moving the stand into the corresponding holes on the bracket.

EFFECT: reduction in the energy intensity of tillage and increase in the degree of crumbling.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to rotary implements for tillage.

A known rotary cultivator includes a frame, racks attached to it and a pair of flat disks inclined towards each other in horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear cutting edges and attached to the racks by means of hubs, and the racks are equipped with hydraulic vibrators , ensuring their vibration in the axial direction, and the flat disks are equipped with blades in the shape of a rectangular trapezoid and located radially around the circumference of their cutting edge, and the blades are fixed to the disks on the inside by the large base of the trapezoid, and the length of the smaller base is equal to the maximum depth of tillage [ 1].

The disadvantages of this invention are the low quality of tillage and the significant energy consumption of the loosening process due to the presence of a blade shaped like a rectangular trapezoid, which leads to rapid wear and breakage of blades of this shape.

A disk cultivator is also known, including a frame, a pair of flat disks attached to the racks by means of hubs and inclined towards each other in the vertical and horizontal planes, which are equipped with fixed blades on the inside, characterized in that the flat disks have different diameters, the ratio of which is determined by the expression , Where - diameter of the small disk, - diameter of the large disk, - the depth of immersion of the large disk into the soil, while the small disk is displaced relative to the large disk relative to the vertical axis, as well as against the movement of the cultivator by a distance L, the value of which is determined by the formula , and the blades are made in the form of a logarithmic curve [2].

The disadvantage of this implement is that it only performs surface tillage, does not copy the field surface well, and is not capable of performing deeper tillage.

The prototype is a disk ripper, including a frame with racks and a pair of flat disks attached to the racks by means of hubs inclined towards each other in the horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear cutting edges [3].

The disadvantages of the disc ripper are that deepening the discs requires a significant vertical load, which leads to uneven tillage in depth. In addition, high-quality crumbling of the soil is not always ensured due to slipping of the discs and insufficient engagement of the layer located in the inter-disk space.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages.

The technical result is a reduction in the energy intensity of soil cultivation and an increase in the degree of its crumbling.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a rotary tillage implement, including a frame, racks attached to it and a pair of flat disks inclined to each other in the horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear ones and attached to racks by means of hubs, and between the flat disks inclined towards each other there is an additional flat disk installed vertically, with the ability to move in the longitudinal plane by moving the rack into the corresponding holes on the bracket.

The rotary tillage implement is illustrated by diagrams:

fig. 1. – diagram of a rotary tillage implement, front view;

fig. 2. – diagram of a rotary tillage implement, top view;

fig. 3. – technological process of operation of a rotary tillage implement.

The rotary tillage implement (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of a frame 1 and racks 2 mounted on it. It also includes a pair of flat disks 3, inclined towards each other in the horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear ones. Flat disks 3 are fixed to the racks 2 by means of hubs 4. Moreover, between the flat disks 3 inclined towards each other there is an additional flat disk 5. In this case, the flat disk 5 is installed vertically with the ability to move in the longitudinal plane by moving the rack 6 into the corresponding hole 7 on the bracket 8.

A rotary tillage implement works as follows.

When moving across the field in a forward direction at a speed V _e (Fig. 3), flat disks 3.5 under the influence of gravity of the tillage implement are buried in the soil to a given tillage depth a . The penetration of disks 3.5 into the soil is also facilitated by the installation of side disks with a certain angle of inclination β in the horizontal plane relative to the direction of movement and the presence of an angle of attack α .

During the movement, flat disks 3 cut the soil in the longitudinal direction and form the width of the treated layer. In this case, the vertically installed disk 5 cuts the soil at a right angle, which requires significantly less effort. With the further movement of the flat disks 3.5 forward, due to the fact that the distance between their lower rear cutting edges is slightly less than between the upper front ones, the disks 3.5 compress and capture the cultivated soil layer located in the interdisk space. Next, the soil layer begins to rise upward and the layer is separated from the bottom of the furrow. This ensures destruction and separation of the treated soil layer from the main monolith due to sliding cutting and tensile deformations.

Torn off from the main monolith, pinched between the 3.5 disks, the soil layer rises to a certain height as the 3.5 disks rotate. At the moment when the distance between the rear cutting edges of the disks 3.5 begins to increase and the soil layer sandwiched between the disks is released, which ensures intensive crumbling of the soil. In addition, disk 5 provides sliding cutting and deformation of the soil with the least resistance and helps control the trajectory of the soil layer, which reduces its throw to the side.

Depending on the condition and type of soil being cultivated, disk 5 is made capable of moving in the longitudinal plane by moving the rack 6 into the corresponding hole 7 on the bracket 8.

Thus, such a design of a rotary tillage implement ensures an increase in the degree of crumbling of the cultivated layer with minimal energy consumption.

List of used literature.

1. RF Patent No. 2552364, IPC A 01 B 35/28. Rotary cultivator /A.R. Valiev, N.K. Mazitov, B.G. Ziganshin, R.V. Minikaev et al., appl. 02/03/2014, publ. 06/10/2015, bulletin. No. 16.

2. Patent No. 2683218 RF. Disc cultivator / Yarullin F.F., Bulgariev G.G., Valiev A.R., Ziganshin B.G., Mukhamadyarov F.F., Nizamov R.M., Minikaev R.V.; applicant and patent holder Kazan State Agrarian University. No. 2017140765; application 11/22/2017; publ., March 26, 2019, Bull. No. 9.

3. Panov I.M. Physical foundations of soil mechanics/I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetokhin. – K.: Phoenix, 2008. – P. 36-38.

Claims (1)

A rotary tillage implement, including a frame, racks attached to it and a pair of flat disks inclined towards each other in horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear cutting edges, and attached to the racks by means of hubs, characterized in that that between the flat disks inclined towards each other there is an additional flat disk installed vertically with the ability to move in the longitudinal plane by moving the rack into the corresponding holes on the bracket.