RU2419277C1 - Combined ploughshare - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: ploughshare includes a vertical disk knife installed on a bracket, which ensures matching of the traction force direction with the ploughshare motion direction. A seed duct and a fertiliser duct are installed behind the bracket. In the lower part of the disk knife there are furrow makers installed to lay seeds and to apply fertilisers, in a coupled manner with its side surfaces at both sides. Furrow makers comprise wedge-like tips and cheeks. The wedge-like tips are inclined towards a horizontal plane in a motion direction at the angle of weeds sliding friction and are coupled with the cheeks. The upper edge of the wedge-like tips is diverted away from the disk knife by an angle ensuring fixation of seeds and fertilisers along the row axis. The furrow makers are fixed to the bracket with the help of sides. The furrow makers have vertical furrow limiters arranged behind the cheeks along the width to locate a seed duct and a fertiliser duct. The limiters are connected to furrow-closing hoes diverted towards the row axis side and arranged away from the furrow bottom at the height providing seeds and fertilisers gripping and covering with moist soil. The fertiliser duct and the furrow-closing hoe to close fertilisers are displaced forward relative to a seed duct and a furrow-closing hoe to close seeds at the distance, providing formation of a soil layer between seeds and fertilisers. A rolling wheel is fixed to the bracket with the help of leashes with the possibility of adjustment along the height. The rolling wheel is arranged in the form of truncated cones installed oppositely with smaller bases. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to ensure appearance of stable even shoots due to simultaneous performance of seeding and fertiliser application operations with their closing with moist soil layers and separation of seeds and fertilisers with a soil layer. ^ 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines.

Known single-disk opener containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, seed and needle guides, a guard and a removable disk flange in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is attached to the plane of the disk (SU copyright certificate No. 250572 Single-disk opener. ⁷ А01С 7/20. Application No. 1140647 / 30-15; claimed on March 16, 1967; publ. August 12, 1969, bull. No. 26).

A disadvantage of the known design is that the disk is mounted at an angle to the vertical. This leads to an unstable coulter stroke both in the depth of sowing and in the direction of movement of the sowing unit. The implementation of the flange in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base attached to the disk leads to the capture of soil by the internal cavity of the cone. This causes the formation of an additional groove with a large base of the cone and leads to an unstable depth movement of the opener. The coulter design does not provide a device that separates seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer. In addition, in the opener there is no device that provides sheltering seeds with a moist layer of soil.

Also known is a single-disc opener containing a disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement and at an angle to the horizontal plane, a leash and seed guide (SU copyright certificate No. 759064. Single-disk opener. M. CL 3 A01C 7/20. Application No. 2759754 / 30- 15; claimed 04.25.1979; publ. 30.08.1960, bull. No. 32).

The disadvantage of this design of the opener is an unstable stroke caused by the installation of its disc at an angle to the horizontal plane. This leads to uneven coulter depth. The coulter does not provide a device for adjusting the depth of stroke. A sleeve with a roller mounted on a leash does not affect the depth of travel, since they are not connected to the surface of the field.

A combined coulter is known, which contains a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and a fixed furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of an uneven keeled opener with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil (SU author's certificate No. 923412. M. class A01C 7 / 20. Combined opener. Application No. 2854901 / 30-15; declared 12/14/1979; publ. 04/30/1982, bull. No. 16).

The disadvantages of this design include the unstable opener depth movement due to the lack of devices that provide a given sowing depth, and the arm traction line does not coincide with the direction of movement of the opener. This leads to the appearance of lateral forces and, as a consequence, to the non-linearity of the row. There are no devices in the coulter for sheltering the seeds with a moist layer of soil. It lacks devices for applying and covering fertilizers with soil.

A combined single-disc opener is known, comprising a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of travel, on the inside of which a stationary furrow former is mounted, while the disk is mounted on the bracket at an angle to the direction of travel, and has a flange on the outside that is a removable element in the form of a half of an ellipsoid of revolution, and behind the disk mounting bracket there are the vas deferens and the fertilizer duct separated by shorting, and the vas deferens are installed below the duct and the size of the layer of earth between the seeds and fertilizers, while the earthenware is fixed on the leash of the supporting-rolling wheel with the possibility of changing the stroke along the depth of the seed bed, and the side cheeks of the stationary shaper of the groove are set at an angle to the horizontal plane, while its value is equal to the angle of repose compacted moist soil (RU, patent for the invention No. 2223625, АСС 7/20, publ. 02.20.2004, bull. No. 5).

The disadvantages of this coulter include the installation of a disk at an angle to the direction of movement, which causes lateral force on the leash and uneven movement of the coulter in the direction of movement, the lack of fixed seed placement along the axis of the row, which leads to an increase in the protective zone during inter-row processing, and an increase in labor costs during crop care.

This combined single-disc opener is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is to increase the germination of seeds, fixed laying along the axis of the row.

The technical result is a combination of the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizing, covering the seeds with a moist soil layer, the separation of seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer, covering fertilizers with a layer of soil and the emergence of stable, aligned seedlings.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the known combined opener, including a vertical circular knife mounted on the bracket, ensuring the coincidence of the direction of the traction force with the direction of movement of the opener, and behind the bracket there is a seed tube, piping and shorting, according to the invention in conjunction with its lower blade lateral surfaces on both sides are equipped with furrow formers for laying seeds and fertilizing, consisting of inclined to the horizontal in the direction of movement at an angle Ohms of sliding friction of the weeds of wedge-shaped socks mating with the cheeks, the upper edge of which is deviated from the disk knife by an angle that fixes seeds and fertilizers along the row axis, grooves are secured to the bracket using sidewalls, grooves have vertical groove limiters along the cheeks for width placement of the vas deferens and bead conduit, connected to the earthenware deflected in the direction of the row axis and located from the bottom of the groove at a height that provides capture and cover with moist soil mines and fertilizers, while the fertilizer line and the tuft of corn are shifted forward relative to the vas deferens and the corn of seeds to a distance that ensures the formation of a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, a pressure wheel is fixed to the bracket with leashes with the possibility of height adjustment, in the form of truncated cones mounted on opposite small bases .

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 - shows a combined opener, side view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

In Fig.3 - view A in Fig.1, the profile of the shaper of the groove.

The combined opener contains a vertically arranged circular knife 1 mounted on the bracket 2 and providing cutting of soil and weeds in a vertical plane to the depth of fertilizer and seed. In the lower part of the disk knife 1, conjugated with its lateral surfaces, on both sides there are groove formers for laying seeds and fertilizing, consisting of weeds inclined to the horizontal in the direction of movement at an angle of sliding against the surface of the wedge-shaped socks 3, conjugated with the cheeks 4, the upper edge which is deflected from the circular knife by an angle that secures the fixing of seeds and fertilizers along the axis of the row with the formation of a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers. Wedge-shaped socks 3 with cheeks 4 are fixed by means of sidewalls 5 to the bracket 2. Behind cheeks 4 are provided vertical guides 6 grooves in width to accommodate the vas deferens 7 and ductwork 8. The guides 6 grooves are connected to the shorting bars 9, 10, inclined towards the row axis and located from the bottom of the groove at a height that provides capture and shelter with moist soil of seeds and fertilizers. A mounting wheel 12 is fixed to the bracket 2 using a leash 11, the height of which is above the soil surface can be adjusted using bolts 13 located on the bracket 2.

The press wheel 12 is made in the form of truncated cones mounted on the opposite of small bases. The combined coulter is fixed to the seeder frame (not shown) using the ridges 14.

Combined opener works as follows.

When the seeder moves across the field, the disk knife 1 cuts the soil and plant residues in a vertical plane to the depth of fertilizer and seed placement. In this case, the fertilizers are embedded at a greater depth, therefore, the diameter of the disk knife 1 is selected from the condition of embedding to a predetermined depth of fertilizers, and the predetermined embedding depth is provided by adjustment at the height of the press wheel 12. The wedge-shaped toe 3 captures the cut soil layer and moves it to the side - the left toe the left side, the right sock to the right side, and the cheeks 4 form and condense the walls of the grooves. After the passage of the wedge-shaped socks 3 and cheeks 4, grooves of different depths are formed - large for fertilizers, smaller for seeds. The shape of a groove in the form of a rectangular triangle ensures the fixation of seeds and fertilizers along the axis of the row. Fertilizers through the fertilizer pipe 8 enter the groove and are closed by the seed cord 10, and the seeds are fed through the vas deferens 7 and are closed by the zapagot 9. The crop 10 is shifted forward relative to the zagotta 9, therefore a soil layer is formed between the seeds and fertilizers, which provides optimal conditions for plant growth and development.

Fixed placement of seeds along the row axis allows further inter-row processing of crops with a minimum protective zone, which significantly reduces the cost of manual labor to care for crops.

The press wheel 12 embraces the furrow formed by the opener with lateral ribs, compresses the topsoil and provides shelter for seeds and fertilizers with a moist layer, which creates optimal conditions for seed germination, obtaining stable seedlings and increasing productivity.

Claims (1)

Combined opener, including a vertical circular knife mounted on a bracket that ensures that the traction force coincides with the direction of movement of the coulter, and a duct and seed tube are located behind the bracket, characterized in that groove formers are installed in conjunction with its lateral surfaces on both sides for laying seeds and fertilizing, consisting of wedge-shaped socks paired with the cheeks, and the wedge-shaped socks are inclined to the horizontal plane in the direction movement at an angle of friction of the sliding of the weeds, and the upper edge of the wedge-shaped socks is deviated from the disk knife by an angle that secures the fixing of seeds and fertilizers along the row axis, while the furrow formers are fixed to the bracket using the sidewalls, and the furrow formers have vertical furrow stoppers located behind the cheeks in width to accommodate the vas deferens and the duct, and the groove limiters are connected to the zagotchachah deviated towards the row axis and located at a height from the bottom of the groove, providing This ensures that seeds and fertilizers are seized and covered with moist soil, while the fertilizer conduit and the beet harvester are shifted forward relative to the seed tube and the beet harvester to a distance that provides for the formation of a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, and the drive wheel is fixed to the bracket with leashes with the possibility of height adjustment in the form of truncated cones, set by small bases on the contrary.

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