RU211373U1 - Single disc seed drill - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the coulters of sowing units that perform row sowing of seeds of various crops. The single-disk coulter of the seeder contains a spring-loaded bearing arm 1, a support wheel 2, a seed tube 3, a disk knife 4 made hollow integrally with the seed tube 3, a groove shaper 5 mounted on the mounting arms 6, 7 and 8 with the possibility of adjustment in the vertical direction, rolling 9, closing 10 and cleaning 11 wheels. The groove shaper 5 is equipped with a seed guide 12 in the form of a flexible plate with the possibility of deflection in case of excessive force. The support wheel 2 is mounted on the carrier arm 1 on the outer side of the disc cutter 4. The press wheel is made with a rubber rim. Closing wheel 10 is made in the form of a wheel with a wedge profile of the supporting surface and is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter. The cleaning wheel 11 is made with tooth cleaners 13 directed towards the movement of the coulter, and is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter. The coulter pressure on the soil is regulated by the compression pressure spring 14. The disk knife 4 is made flat with a formed one-sided cutting blade. The support wheel 2 is made with the possibility of height adjustment. The technical result is to improve the quality of sowing.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the coulters of sowing units that perform row sowing of seeds of various crops.

Single-disk coulters of seeders are known, containing a spring-loaded carrier arm, a support wheel, a seed tube, means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds (see RF patent No. 63163 publ. 05/27/2007., RF patent No. 151894, publ. RF No. 204794 according to IPC A01C 7/20, published on 06/11/2021.).

The closest in technical essence is a single-disk opener of a seeder, containing a spring-loaded carrying arm, a support wheel, a seed tube, means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds, having a disk knife, a groove shaper and a seed tube, the support wheel has the shape of a truncated cone, the disc knife is made in the shape of a cone , while the groove shaper, seed tube and support wheel are installed on the body on the inside of the disc knife, and the working surface of the support wheel is ribbed (see RF patent No. 204794 according to IPC A01C 7/20, op.

The disadvantage of this coulter is the absence of a press or closing wheel behind the cutting disc to cover the seed material with soil, so the seed material that remains at the bottom of the furrow and is not covered by soil has a lower germination capacity, which affects the inputs and the future harvest. It is impossible to compensate for the unstable coulter travel in depth when accumulations of stubble residues and stalks hit only by the force of the spring, since excessive force will lead to additional loads on the coulter and raking up the soil by the support wheel. The absence of a seed guide makes it undesirable to use this coulter in sowing units with pneumatic supply of seed material to the working body, since some types of seed material will be inflated by air flows of the pneumatic transport system from the seed furrow. The absence of a press wheel does not allow pressing the seed material to the bottom of the furrow, thereby not fulfilling the condition for creating optimal conditions for germination and development of seeds, which leads to a decrease in seed germination and a decrease in yield.

The technical result is to improve the quality of sowing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a single-disk coulter of a seeder containing a spring-loaded carrying arm, a support wheel, a seed tube, means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds, according to the utility model, the means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds consist of mounted on mounting levers with the ability to adjust the force in in the vertical direction of the pressing, closing and cleaning wheels, as well as from a disk knife and a groove former made hollow integral with the seed tube with the possibility of using its cavity as a continuation of the lower part of the seed tube channel, moreover, the groove former is equipped with a seed guide in the form of a flexible plate with the possibility of deflection in case of excessive force , the support wheel is installed on the outer side of the disc knife, the cleaning wheel is made with tooth cleaners directed towards the movement of the coulter, and is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter. The press wheel is made with a rubber rim. The closing wheel is made with a wedge profile of the supporting surface and is installed at an angle to the direction of the coulter movement. The support wheel is made with the possibility of height adjustment. The circular knife is made flat with a formed one-sided cutting blade. The circular knife is installed at an angle to the axis of the bearing arm with the possibility of cutting and pushing the soil.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a single-disk coulter from the outside; figure 2 - the same, view from the inside.

The single-disk coulter of the seeder contains a spring-loaded bearing arm 1, a support wheel 2, a seed tube 3, a disk knife 4 made hollow integrally with the seed tube 3, a groove shaper 5 mounted on the mounting arms 6, 7 and 8 with the possibility of adjusting in the vertical direction, rolling 9, closing 10 and cleaning 11 wheels.

The groove shaper 5 is equipped with a seed guide 12 in the form of a flexible plate with the possibility of deflection in case of excessive force. The support wheel 2 is mounted on the carrier arm 1 on the outer side of the disc cutter 4. The press wheel is made with a rubber rim. The closing wheel 10 is made in the form of a wheel with a wedge profile of the supporting surface and is installed at an angle to the direction of the coulter movement. The cleaning wheel 11 is made with tooth cleaners 13 directed towards the movement of the coulter. The coulter pressure on the soil is regulated by the compression pressure spring 14. The disc knife 4 is made flat with a formed one-sided cutting blade. The support wheel 2 is made with the possibility of height adjustment.

The coulter works as follows.

When the coulter moves, the disc knife 4 cuts the soil and plant residues to the depth of seeding and granular fertilizers. The cut soil layer is shifted to the side due to the one-sided blade of the circular knife 4, and the groove shaper 5 forms a groove of a constant specified depth with a uniformly compacted bed and walls.

Seeds, moving along the seed tube 3 into the formed groove, enter the seed guide 12, after which the seeds and fertilizers are evenly placed on the bottom of the groove. Adhering soil is removed from the surface of the inner side of the disc knife 4 by means of the groove former 5.

The press wheel 9 presses the seed material to the bottom of the furrow, and the closing wheel 10 compacts the soil layer above the seeds, thus providing optimal conditions for their growth.

During the movement of the coulter, the seed guide 12 in the form of a flexible plate prevents the seed material from being blown up by air flows of the pneumatic conveying system and places the seed material on the bottom of the furrow; and the cleaning wheel 11 shifts the crop residues to the side to facilitate the cutting of the disc coulter 4 and prevents the coulter from self-deepening when hitting large stalks and accumulations of crop residues. The compression pressure spring 14 provides the cutting force of the disc knife 4. The sowing depth is regulated by the support wheel 2, which moves relative to the cutting blade of the disc knife 4, which is installed at an angle to the axis of the carrier arm 1, which allows not only to cut through, but also to push the soil. Seed material and granular fertilizers are fed into the seed tube 3 from the inside of the disc coulter 4.

To clean the soil from stubble residues and stalks, before the passage of the disk knife 4, a cleaning wheel 11 is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter, which, when moving, penetrates the soil with tooth cleaners 13 and shifts the stubble residue from the soil surface to the side to facilitate the insertion of the disk knife 4.

The proposed coulter ensures that the seed placement depth is maintained at a constant predetermined level and the formation of a uniformly compacted bed at a constant soil depth, which improves the quality indicators of seed sowing.

Claims (6)

1. A single-disc coulter of a seeder containing a spring-loaded carrying arm, a support wheel, a seed tube, means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds, characterized in that the means for forming a seed bed and planting seeds consist of mounted on mounting arms with the ability to adjust the force in the vertical direction of the rolling, closing and cleaning wheels, as well as from a disk knife and a groove former made hollow integral with the seed tube with the possibility of using its cavity as a continuation of the lower part of the seed tube channel, moreover, the groove shaper is equipped with a seed guide in the form of a flexible plate with the possibility of deviation in case of excessive force, the cleaning wheel is made with tooth cleaners directed towards the movement of the coulter, and installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the coulter. 2. Coulter according to claim 1, characterized in that the press wheel is made with a rubber rim. 3. Opener according to claim. 1, characterized in that the closing wheel is made with a wedge profile of the supporting surface and is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the opener. 4. Opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the support wheel is adjustable in height. 5. Opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular knife is made flat with a formed one-sided cutting blade. 6. Coulter under item 1, characterized in that the disc knife is installed at an angle to the axis of the bearing arm with the possibility of cutting and pushing the soil.

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