RU2375865C1 - Combined ploughshare - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: ploughshare comprises stand with flat hoe mounted in lower part and arranged in stand cross section, and disk knife. Behind stand there is a seed feeding line. Disk knife with cutting edge on external diametre is equipped with furrow maker. Furrow maker is arranged in the form of oppositely arranged hollow truncated cones with large bases, which are coupled with flanges in the form of hollow cylinders mounted on axis of rotation. Hoe consists of two single-sided flat hoes, which are installed as coupled by upper edge of hoe to lower base of furrow maker truncated cone at the level of flanges. Single-sided flat cutting hoes have soil guides. Lower cutting edge of single-sided flat hoes is installed at the level of disk knife cutting edge. Internal cavity of seed feeding line has ribbed surface with vertically arranged ribs. Distance between protrusions of ribs is less than minimum size of sown culture seed.

EFFECT: such structural design makes it possible to sow couched and soaked seeds without mechanical damage of sprouts, which preserves their high germinating ability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined coulters used in sowing machines producing row crops of seeds of agricultural crops.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a freely rotating flat disk mounted on a leash, a fixed seed guide and a furrow-forming working body, the lower edge of which is made in the form of a part of a keel-shaped opener and equipped with optionally installed additional flat-cutting paws with cutting edges on the front parts and bent from the plane of the disk at an angle to the horizontal plane with blades, the racks of the mentioned paws are placed on a leash with the possibility of reinstalling in height, shooters minutes pololnoy paw placed symmetrically semyanapravitelya front plane of the disk coulter keeled portion placed on the lower rack slice lancet pololnoy paw, Row surface and equalizer in the form of mutually facing curved tines (patent RU №2204894. M. Cl. ⁷ 7 A01S / twenty).

The disadvantages of the described combined coulter include uneven seed placement depth, lack of fixation along the row, poor seed contact with the soil in the groove and low seed germination.

A coulter is known, consisting of a combined stand including a wedge-shaped chest, vas deferens, tubing, a lancet paw is fixed in the lower part of the rack, below the cutting plane, in which a wedge-shaped runner is provided, while the opener chest is straight in the upper part and rounded in the lower part equal to the radius of the disk knife installed in front of the rack with a gap of 3 ... 5 mm between the outer diameter and the front edge of the opener chest, flanges are installed on the disk knife to limit the depth of the opener, and for this wire harnesses are installed that are attached to the lower part of the lancet paw (Resource-saving soil-protective technology for mechanized cultivation and harvesting of gourds: Textbook / V.G. Abezin; Kalm. State University - Elista, 1993, - 120 pp., p. .40 ... 41).

The disadvantages of the described opener include the use of a wedge-shaped runner that significantly increases the resistance of the opener, the furrow made by the opener has an uneven depth, the walls of the furrow do not provide clear fixation of seeds along the row axis and sufficient contact with the soil, and seed germination is significantly reduced.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a stand with a lancet flat-cutting paw in its lower part, a disk knife, a seed tube, a shortener and a tap pipe installed in the rack alignment, installed behind the rack, while the disk knife in the form of a flat ring with a cutting edge on the outer diameter is equipped with a furrow former in the form opposite the large bases of hollow truncated cones, paired with flanges in the form of hollow cylinders mounted on the axis of rotation, the lower end of the vas deferens has an oblique cut and is installed in a flat fouling, while the cavity between the vas deferens and the fertilizer duct is closed by a shield (patent RU No. 2267898. IPC АСС 7/20).

The disadvantages of this coulter include limited functionality, enveloping with zagotachchik by wet soil and disruption of the coulter, the inability to sow soaked and germinated seeds that adhere to the wall of the vas deferens, and the accuracy of sowing is impaired.

This combined coulter is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the resistance to the opener movement, the formation of grooves for seeds with a given designed profile and compacted walls, the prevention of enveloping of the rack by plant residues, the clear fixation of seeds along the row axis, the expansion of functionality, the possibility of sowing with soaked and germinated seeds .

The technical result is an increase in seed germination, yield and cost reduction, the possibility of obtaining early production.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known combined opener of the seeder, containing a stand with flat-cutting legs in its lower part, placed in the alignment of the stand, a circular knife, seed tube installed behind the counter, while the circular knife with a cutting edge on the outer diameter is equipped with a furrow former in according to the invention, the paw consists of two flat cutting their one-sided paws mounted conjugate with the upper edge of the paw with a smaller base of the truncated groove cone at the flange level, while the flat-cutting one-sided paws have soil guides on the upper edge, and the lower cutting edge of the flat-cutting one-sided paws is located at the level of the cutting edge of the circular knife, the inner cavity of the vas deferens surface with vertically spaced ribs, the distance between the protrusions of the ribs is less than the minimum seed size of the sowing culture.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the opener, side view.

Figure 2 is the same, top view.

Figure 3 is a view A of the vas deferens in figure 1.

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 2.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The combined opener of the seeder includes a stand 1, which serves to install a disk knife 2 with a furrow-forming machine 3 in the form of hollow truncated cones mounted on the opposite of large bases. To the rack 1 is fixed vas deferens 4, the inner surface of which is made ribbed with vertically spaced ribs. In this case, the distance between the protrusions of the ribs should be less than the minimum seed size of the sowing culture, and the ribs themselves are made pointed in order to prevent the seeds from sticking to the wall of the vas deferens. In the lower part of the rack 1 there are two flat-cutting one-sided paws 5, which have soil guides 6. At the level of the small base of the cone of the furrower 3, flanges 7 are provided to limit the depth of the disk knife 2 with furrowers 3. The cutting edge of the unilateral paws 5 is located at the level of the cutting edge of the disk knife 2, and the upper edge of the one-sided paws is located at the level of the flanges 7. The soil guides 6 are installed at an acute angle to the direction of movement to provide seed cover with a moist soil layer. Furrowing machines 3 are interchangeable depending on the required depth of seed placement and their physical and mechanical properties. Furrowers 3 with flanges are fixed on disk 2 with bolts 8.

Combined opener works as follows.

Before starting work on the disk 2, furrow formers are installed with flanges corresponding to the required depth of seeding of the seeds of the sown culture and their physical and mechanical properties. When sowing, a disk knife 2 cuts in a vertical plane the top layer of soil and plant debris, which prevents them from enveloping the rack and reduces the traction resistance of the seeder. Furrower 3 extends the cut soil layer, forms a groove of a given profile with compacted walls. One-sided plane-cutting paws 5 raise the soil layer of a given depth, while the soil guides 6 send the lower moist soil layer to the formed groove with seeds, which covers the seeds. Seeds from the sowing apparatus move vertically in the internal cavity of the vas deferens, there will be no sticking of soaked and germinated seeds to the walls of the vas deferens, since the areas of contact between the seeds and the walls of the vas deferens are insignificant, and the seeds fall vertically into the groove formed by the furrow former and are fixed with a moist soil layer supplied by the soil guide 6.

When using the developed design of the combined opener, there is no mechanical effect on the germinated seeds, which preserves their high germination, and the use of one-sided flat-cutting paws allows to destroy weed seedlings in the row area, which significantly reduces the cost of sowing care.

The use of interchangeable furrowers significantly expands the opener functionality.

Claims (1)

A combined opener containing a stand with a flat-cutting paw mounted in the lower part located in the stand alignment, a disk knife mounted behind the rack by the vas deferens, while a disk knife with a cutting edge on the outer diameter is equipped with a furrow former in the form of hollow truncated cones opposed to large bases, paired with flanges in the form of hollow cylinders mounted on the axis of rotation, characterized in that the paw consists of two plane-cutting one-sided paws mounted conjugate with the upper edge paws with a smaller base of the truncated furrow cone at the level of the flanges, while the flat-cutting one-sided paws have soil guides, and the lower cutting edge of the flat-cutting one-sided paws is located at the level of the cutting edge of the circular knife, while the inner cavity of the vas deferens has a ribbed surface with vertically located ribs, and the distance between protrusions of the ribs are less than the minimum seed size of the sown culture.

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