RU2577370C1 - Ploughshare for application of seeds and fertiliser into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, particularly to sowing machines. Ploughshare includes a vertical disc knife installed on brackets, ensuring matching of traction force direction with ploughshare motion direction, a seed duct and fertiliser. To sides of disc knife are flanges for restriction of penetration of ploughshare. Brackets are fixed by bolts to a post and have a bend at ends of flanges. Front part of post has a tapering transitioning into lower part of parabolic curve, coupled with a wedge-like toe. Seed duct is mounted behind post. To side walls of post with using bolts with countersunk head-closing hoes are fixed for seeding and cheek-ditchers, between which fertiliser. Rear parts of cheek-ditchers are bent to cover fertiliser.

EFFECT: such design will allow to ensure appearance of stable even shoots due to combination of operations of seeds sowing and application of fertilisers with formation of a soil layer between them.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines.

Known single-disc opener containing a housing, a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of movement, seed and fertilizer guides, a guard and a removable disk flange in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is attached to the plane of the disk (SU copyright certificate No. 250572, IPC ⁷ A01C 7/20).

A disadvantage of the known design is that the disk is mounted at an angle to the vertical. This leads to an unstable coulter stroke both in the depth of sowing and in the direction of movement of the sowing unit. The implementation of the flange in the form of a truncated cone with a smaller base attached to the disk leads to the capture of soil by the internal cavity of the cone. This causes the formation of an additional groove with a large base of the cone and leads to an unstable depth movement of the opener. The coulter design does not provide a device that separates seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer. In addition, in the opener there is no device that provides sheltering seeds with a moist layer of soil.

Also known is a single-disc opener containing a disc mounted at an angle to the direction of travel and at an angle to the horizontal plane, a leash and seed guide (SU copyright certificate No. 759064, class 3 A01C 7/20).

The disadvantage of this design of the opener is an unstable stroke caused by the installation of its disc at an angle to the horizontal plane. This leads to uneven coulter depth. The coulter does not provide a device for adjusting the depth of stroke. A sleeve with a roller mounted on a leash does not affect the depth of travel, since they are not connected to the surface of the field.

A combined coulter is known, comprising a vertically located flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of motion and a stationary furrow-forming working body mounted on the inside, made in the form of an unequal keeled opener with a blunt angle of entry into the soil (SU copyright certificate No. 923412, M. class A01C 7 /twenty).

The disadvantages of this design include the unstable opener movement in depth due to the lack of devices that provide a given sowing depth, and the arm traction line does not coincide with the direction of movement of the opener. This leads to lateral forces and, as a consequence, to the row straightness. There are no devices in the coulter for sheltering the seeds with a moist layer of soil. It lacks devices for applying and covering fertilizers with soil.

A combined single disc opener is known, comprising a flat disk mounted at an angle to the direction of travel, on the inside of which a stationary furrow former is mounted, while the disk is mounted on the bracket at an angle to the direction of travel, and has a flange on the outside that is a removable element in the form of a half of an ellipsoid of revolution, and behind the disk mounting bracket there are the vas deferens and the fertilizer duct separated by shorting, and the vas deferens are installed below the duct and the size of the layer of earth between the seeds and fertilizers, while the earthenware is fixed on the leash of the supporting-rolling wheel with the possibility of changing the stroke along the depth of the seed bed, and the side cheeks of the stationary shaper of the groove are set at an angle to the horizontal plane, while its value is equal to the angle of repose compacted moist soil (RU, patent for the invention No. 2223625, A01C 7/20, publ. 02.20.2004, bull. No. 5).

The disadvantages of this coulter include the installation of a disk at an angle to the direction of movement, which causes lateral force on the leash and uneven movement of the coulter in the direction of movement, the absence of a fixed seed placement along the axis of the row, which leads to an increase in the protective zone during inter-row processing, and an increase in labor costs during crop care.

A combined coulter is known, including a vertical circular knife mounted on a bracket that ensures that the traction force coincides with the direction of movement of the coulter, and a pipe guide and seed tube are placed behind the bracket, while groove formers are mounted in conjunction with its lateral surfaces on both sides for both sides laying seeds and fertilizing, consisting of wedge-shaped socks mating with the cheeks, and the wedge-shaped socks are inclined to the horizontal plane in the direction movement at an angle of friction of the sliding of the weeds, and the upper edge of the wedge-shaped socks is deviated from the disk knife by an angle that secures the fixing of seeds and fertilizers along the row axis, while the furrow formers are fixed to the bracket using the sidewalls, and the furrow formers have vertical furrow stoppers located behind the cheeks along the width to accommodate the vas deferens and the duct, and the groove limiters are connected with zagotchachah deviated in the direction of the row axis and located at a height from the bottom of the groove, providing which captures and covers moist soil with seeds and fertilizers, while the fertilizer conduit and tufting of seeds is mixed forward relative to the vas deferens and seeding of seeds to a distance that ensures the formation of a soil layer between the seeds and fertilizers, and the pressure wheel is fixed to the bracket with leashes with the possibility of height adjustment in the form of truncated cones set on the opposite by small bases (RU patent for invention 2419277 C1 IPC A01C7 / 20).

The disadvantages of this combined coulter include the difficult possibility of separating seeds and fertilizers, laying fertilizers on one side of a row of sown seeds, covering the seeds with a moist soil layer.

This combined single-disc opener is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The invention consists in the following.

The objective of the invention is to increase the germination of seeds, fixed laying along the axis of the row, applying fertilizer to the soil on both sides of the row of sown seeds below the depth of seed placement.

The technical result is a combination of the processes of sowing seeds and fertilizing, covering the seeds with a moist soil layer, separation of seeds and fertilizers with a soil layer, covering fertilizers with a layer of soil and the appearance of stable, aligned seedlings.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known opener for applying seeds and fertilizers to the soil, including a vertical disk knife mounted on brackets that ensure that the traction force coincides with the direction of movement of the coulter, seed tubes and pipelines, according to the invention, flanges are fixed to the sides of the disk knife coulter deepening restrictions, and the brackets are bolted to the rack and have a bend at the ends of the flanges, while the front of the rack has a sharp point that goes into the bottom parts of it in a parabolic rounding, coupled with a wedge-shaped heel, the vas deferens are fixed to the rack, zagotachki are fixed to the side walls of the rack using countersunk bolts for seeding and furrow-forming cheeks, between which are pipelines placed, and the rear parts of the furrow-forming cheeks are bent for shelter fertilizers.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a coulter for applying seeds and fertilizers to the soil, side view.

In FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

In FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 1 - layout of grooves for seeds and fertilizers.

The coulter for applying seeds and fertilizers to the soil includes a vertical disk knife 1, to the side walls of which flanges 2 are fixed, limiting the penetration of the coulter into the soil. The circular knife 1 is mounted on the brackets 3, ensuring the coincidence of the direction of traction force with the direction of motion of the coulter. The brackets 3 in the area of the ends of the flanges 2 have bends 4. The brackets 3 are fixed to the rack 5 by means of bolts 6.

The front of the rack has a sharpening, passing in the lower part to a parabolic curve 7, coupled with a wedge-shaped heel. To the back of the rack is fixed vas deferens 8, which has a point in the lower part.

To the side walls of the rack 5 in its lower part are fixed cheeks-furrowers 9 using bolts 10 with a countersunk head. Between the cheeks, furrowers 9 are pipelines 11.

The lower part of the cheek-furrow-forming has projections 12 for the formation of a wedge-shaped groove. Behind the vas deferens 8 provided zagortachki 13.

The wedge-shaped heel of the rack 5 is intended for the formation of a groove 14 for seeds, and the protrusions for the formation of grooves 15 for fertilizers.

The opener for applying seeds and fertilizers to the soil works as follows.

When the seeder moves across the field, disk knife 1 cuts the upper layer of soil and plant debris to the depth of seed placement. An exact predetermined seed placement depth is provided by the flanges 2. The heel of the rack 5 pushes the cut soil layer and forms a wedge-shaped groove 14 with compacted walls. Through the vas deferens 8, the seeds of the sowing culture enter the groove 14, and the zagortachi produce shelter of the seeds with a moist layer of soil. Furrow cheeks 9 cut the soil layer below the seed placement depth and form a wedge-shaped groove 15 for fertilizers, which are covered by the curved part of the furrowers 9. Fertilizers come from the fertilizer sowing device, are divided into two streams and enter the grooves 15 through the seed tubes 11.

This design ensures the separation of seeds from fertilizers by the soil layer and creates optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants. Placing fertilizers on both sides of the sowed row of seeds increases the availability of the plant root system to nutrients and crop yields.

Claims (1)

The coulter for applying seeds and fertilizers to the soil, including a vertical disk knife mounted on brackets ensuring the coincidence of the direction of traction with the direction of movement of the coulter, seed tube and pipelines, characterized in that flanges are fixed to the sides of the disk knife to limit the depth of the coulter, and the brackets are fixed with the help of bolts to the rack and have a bend at the ends of the flanges, while the front of the rack has a sharpening, passing in the lower part into a parabolic rounding, conjugated with a wedge-shaped with the fifth heel, the vas deferens are fixed to the rack, to the side walls of the rack, with the help of countersunk bolts, fasteners are fixed for seeding and furrow-forming cheeks, between which pipelines are placed, and the rear parts of the furrow-forming cheeks are curved to shelter fertilizers.

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