RU216480U1 - SHEETS FOR STRIP SEEDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of seeders for sowing seeds of agricultural crops and mineral fertilizers on the bottom of the furrow in the sublap space in the form of strips.

The share coulter for strip sowing contains a stand with a cultivator share fixed on it, two shields, a seed duct with a reflector installed under it and a wedge-shaped diffuser with curvilinear wings. The radius of curvature of the curved wings of the wedge-shaped scatterer, having a width of 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw, has a variable value that varies from a minimum of 15 mm to a maximum of 35 mm along the direction of movement of the scatterer, and on the side surfaces of the wings of the scatterer, transverse seed-guiding grooves are made, and to the shields of the paw vertically longitudinal limiters are attached, forming two sowing strips with a width of 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw.

The introduction of a coulter coulter for strip sowing of seeds of various crops into production will create a high-quality formation of two strips of the same width with a uniform distribution of seeds in the strips, which will ensure their uniform nutrition with fertilizers, access to moisture, heat and light, and, ultimately, increase the yield of cultivated crops .

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to the working bodies of seeders for sowing seeds of agricultural crops and mineral fertilizers on the bottom of the furrow in the sublap space in the form of strips.

A coulter is known, consisting of a tip in the form of a lancet paw, under which a seed distributor is located (Patent for invention RU 2234208 C2, IPC A01C 7/20, published on 20.02.2003, bull. No. 23). The seed distributor is mounted on an inclined platform from the axis of the seed tube back along the coulter at an angle α and is displaced from the axis of the seed tube forward in the direction of the coulter by the amount of eccentricity. The seed distributor is made in the form of two wings symmetrical along the bending line in the form of rectangles bent along the brachistochrone, separated in opposite directions in the transverse plane. The diameter of the outlet section of the seed tube is equal to the diameter of the generatrix of the brachistochrone of the seed distributor. Above the seed distributor and the inclined platform, there is a soil protection device in the form of a box closed at the top and installed on a platform in the form of, for example, a quadrangle. The proposed device coulter provides uniformity and range of distribution of seeds across the width of the coulter, which increases the yield of crops.

A disadvantage of the known coulter is the sowing of seeds through a narrow gap formed by the platform and the platform, which during operation can become clogged with soil, disrupting the technological process. Also, this coulter can only provide wide-band sowing with the width of the sowed strip equal to the width of the coulter's lancet share.

A combined coulter for strip sowing of crops is known, which contains a stand with a wedge-shaped chest and a flat-cutting paw fixed in its lower part and a freely rotating flat disk placed on the stand with the ability to move in a vertical plane (Patent for utility model RU 199176 U1, IPC A01C 7 /20, published on 04/03/2020, Bulletin No. 23). The rack is made hollow, in the cavity of which, on both sides of its longitudinal-vertical plane, identical plates are installed symmetrically with the possibility of moving in a vertical plane with their subsequent fixation, each of which is made in the form of a club, the shank of which is conjugated with the upper part of the plate at an angle of 90° , is made with a cutting edge in the direction of the coulter with a sharpening angle of 15° and is located under the flat-cutting share. Between the plates and the side walls of the rack, seed tubes are installed, each of which is a flexible transparent hose, the lower end of which is bent to the side opposite to the direction of the coulter movement, and is located under the flat-cutting paw behind the shank of the plates. The outlet openings of the seed tubes are located and fixed in a plane parallel to the transverse vertical plane of the coulter with the possibility of adjusting the distance between them. On the side faces of the flat-cutting paw along their entire length, symmetrically relative to the longitudinal-vertical plane of the coulter, soil guides are installed, each of which is made in the form of a curved plate, in cross section representing a curve with a variable angle to the upper plane of the flat-cutting paw, and at the intersection point of the side and rear faces each wing of the flat-cutting paw is pivotally mounted with the possibility of changing the angle to the direction of movement of the harrow opener in the form of vertical plates.

The disadvantages of the known combined coulter for strip sowing of agricultural crops are excessive material consumption, and the use of soil guides in the design increases the likelihood of clogging of the working body with plant residues and soil, which can disrupt the technological process.

The technical solution closest to the proposed utility model is the working body of seeders for subsoil broadcast seeding of seeds and fertilizers on the bottom of the furrow in the sub-lap space, having a wedge-shaped diffuser, the side working surfaces of which are truncated by a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the working body and passing through the intersection point of the rib with rear end (in the direction of the coulter) at an acute angle to the edge of the diffuser (Patent for the invention RU 2140140 C1, IPC A01C 7/20, published 10/27/1999, bull. No. 23). As a result of the truncation of the side working surfaces of the diffuser at the bases of the wings, segments of a given length are formed, which are in relation to the length of the diffuser rib 1/4.

The disadvantages of the known working body of seeders for subsoil broadcasting of seeds and fertilizers is the possibility of providing only broadband sowing, while the width of the sown strip is equal to the width of the cultivator paw of the working body and does not provide a uniform distribution of seeds over the field surface.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the yield of crops by using the strip method of sowing crops with the formation of two strips with a width equal to 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw, while ensuring uniform distribution of seeds in the sown strips.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the paw coulter for strip sowing, containing a rack with a cultivator paw fixed on it, two shields, a seed duct with a reflector installed under it and a wedge-shaped diffuser with curved wings, in contrast to the prototype, the radius of curvature of the curved wings of the wedge-shaped diffuser having a width of 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw, has a variable value that varies from a minimum of 15 mm to a maximum of 35 mm along the direction of movement of the diffuser, and on the side surfaces of the wings of the diffuser there are transverse seed guiding grooves, and vertically longitudinal limiters are attached to the shields of the paw, forming two strips sowing with a width of 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw.

The technical result when using the claimed utility model is achieved due to the formation in the process of sowing of two strips with a width equal to 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paw, and a uniform distribution of seeds in the sown strips when they move in the seed guide grooves with a radius of curvature of the curved wings of the wedge-shaped diffuser, changing in values ranging from 15 to 35 mm along the direction of movement of the diffuser, providing a different range of seeds. The wedge-shaped diffuser, 1/4 of the width of the cultivator's paw, and the installation of vertically longitudinal limiters attached to the shields on both sides of the paw at a distance equal to 1/4 of the width of the cultivator's paw from the scatterer, ensure accurate formation of strips, uniform distribution of seeds over the strips, uniform distribution of seeds feeding with fertilizers and development, which ultimately increases the yield of cultivated crops.

The utility model is illustrated by the figures:

Fig. 1 - view of the opener with a local section on the side;

Fig. 2 - rear view of the coulter;

Fig. 3 - opener view from above;

Fig. 4 - diffuser.

Paw opener for strip sowing (Fig .1, 2, 3 and 4) includes a rack 1, to which, using bolted connections 2, a cultivator paw 3 with a working width B is attached, on top of the wings of which soil-protective shields 4 are fixed, forming a sublap space 5. A bracket 6 is attached from below to the rack 1 with bolted connections 2, on which the diffuser 7 is mounted with the possibility of moving in height by rearranging the screws 12 through the holes 13 on the diffuser (Fig. 2 and 3). The diffuser 7 is made in the form of a wedge with curvilinear side wings, the radius of curvature of which varies from the minimum R _min equal to 15 mm to the maximum value R _max equal to 35 mm along its longitudinal axis along the direction of its movement. The width of the diffuser is 1/4 of the width of the grip (B/4) of the cultivator paw 3. On the surfaces of the curved wings of the wedge-shaped diffuser 7, transverse seed-guiding grooves 8 are made. 14) of the cultivator paw 3 from the diffuser 7. Directly above the diffuser 7 there is a seed tube 10, and behind the diffuser 7 there is a reflector 11. The width of the reflector 11 in the lower part is equal to the width of the diffuser 7.

The operation of the coulter coulter for strip sowing is carried out as follows: when the rack 1 with the cultivator share 3 moves forward, the seed flow through the seed tube 10 enters the diffuser 7. The probability of seed particles getting into any arbitrary area on the curvilinear wings of the diffuser is approximately the same, so the particles, falling into different areas on the wings of the diffuser 7, having different values of the radius of curvature (in the range from R _min \u003d 15 mm to R _max \u003d 35 mm) acquire different speed and direction of flight at the time of leaving the diffuser 7, and, accordingly, different flight range in the sublap space 5, thus ensuring a uniform distribution of seed particles in the sown strips. The presence of seed guiding grooves 8 with different radii R on the diffuser 7 makes it possible to provide the required flight range of the seed particles in the under-shoulder space, their uniform distribution over the strip width equal to 1/4 of the capture width B (B/4), and avoids loading the seed material onto one of the sides of the diffuser 7, coupled with wings having a smaller radius of curvature. The coulter provides a uniform distribution of seed particles in the sub-blade space 5 with two vertically located longitudinal limiters 9. The reflector 11 with a width in the lower part equal to 1/4 of the capture width B (B/4) of the cultivator paw 3 prevents the seed particles from falling out directly behind the diffuser 7 (in the direction of travel). Thus, the location of the seed tube 10 directly above the diffuser 7 and the reflector 11 behind the diffuser 7 allows sowing after the coulter has passed two strips with a width equal to 1/4 of the capture width B (B/4) of the cultivator paw.

The introduction of a coulter coulter for strip sowing of seeds of various crops into production will create a high-quality formation of two strips of the same width with a uniform distribution of seeds in the strips, which will ensure their uniform nutrition with fertilizers, access to moisture, heat and light, and, ultimately, increase the yield of cultivated crops .

Claims (1)

Paw opener for strip sowing, containing a rack, with a cultivator paw fixed on it, two shields, a seed tube with a reflector installed under it and a wedge-shaped diffuser with curved wings, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the curved wings of the wedge-shaped diffuser, having a width of 1/4 of the width of the cultivator paws, has a variable value that varies from a minimum of 15 mm to a maximum of 35 mm along the direction of movement of the diffuser, and on the side surfaces of the wings of the diffuser, transverse seed-guiding grooves are made, and vertically longitudinal limiters are attached to the paw shields, forming two sowing strips with a width of 1/4 of the width capture of a cultivator paw.

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