RU2407270C1 - Ploughshare of seeder-cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: ploughshare comprises centre hoe, hoe stand, receiver fixed to hoe, under-hoe space arch wing flaps, distributor of sown material. Distributor of sown material is arranged in the form of wedge-like splitter with two sloping surfaces. Receiver is arranged in the form of rectangular pipe with partition that separates it into two channels. Back wall of receiver is arranged with slope in direction of ploughshare motion, providing for reduction of speed of seeds dropping onto wedge-like splitter with two sloping surfaces and prevention of seeds scattering from wedge-like splitter with two sloping surfaces outside specified width of sowing band. Wedge-like splitter with two sloping surfaces is installed below wing flaps of under-hoe space arch with a slope in direction that is opposite to direction of ploughshare motion.

EFFECT: structural design will make it possible to provide for even distribution of the main mass of seeds in the part of furrow, which is not covered with a trace of back row hoes.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, can be used in implements, mainly in seeders-cultivators for the diversified sowing of grain and other crops, as well as for making fertilizer when processing the soil or at the same time as sowing crops.

Known openers for spread sowing and introducing fertilizers (RU 2101906, АСС 7/20, publ. 1998.01.20; RU 2180993, А01С 7/20, publ. 2001.11.27). Each of them has a lancet paw, a receiver, a distributor of sown material (seeds, fat, a mixture of seeds and fat), as well as a limited sublap space. In the said openers, the distributor has the shape of a trihedral pyramid or cone, located apex to the exit of the seed to be sown from the receiver.

Known opener for spread sowing and introducing fertilizers (RU 2164364, АСС 7/20, publ. 2001.03.27). It includes a lancet paw, a receiver, a wedge-shaped spreader distributor on the way of the seed to be sown from the receiver, and limited sublap space.

The disadvantage of the above coulters is the small sieving width of the sowing material and the uneven frontal distribution of the sowing material, especially when sowing on slopes that are typical for rough terrain.

A known opener of the seeder-cultivator (patent for utility model RU 65715, АСС 7/20, publ. 2007.08.27, bull. No. 24). It includes a lancet paw, a receiver made in the form of a rectangular pipe with a partition dividing it into two channels, flaps of the arch of the sub-silo space, a reflector, a distributor of seed, made in the form of a wedge-shaped divider installed in the sub-silo space with an inclination in the direction of movement of the opener on the way exit of the sowing material from the receiver.

The disadvantage of this coulter is the uneven screening of the seed in the sublap space. The main reason for this drawback is that the reflector located under the distributor, with an inclination in the direction of movement of the coulter, forms a closed under-ice space in the front of the paw, which is filled with soil in motion and increases the force of friction of the paw on the soil. In addition, on the reverse side of the reflector, to which the distributor adjoins, moisture accumulates, dust and sowing material gradually fills the entire space between the reflector and the distributor, and this creates an obstacle to the sowing of the sown material. When lowering the seeder-cultivator on the soil, the reflector often falls on solid objects and deforms, restricting or even closing the exit of the sowing material from the receiver. The distributor, located on the central axis on the path of the sowing material from the receiver with an inclination in the direction of the coulter, meets the sowing material moving in a small stream at a rather high speed, and reflects its surface (regardless of its shape - wedge, cone or parabola) on the feather of the paw, and, bouncing off the feather of the paw, the sowing material falls on the soil near the distributor or falls on the reflector, and therefore there is an uneven sowing of the sown material, as it focuses in the center of the furrow, and not distributed over its entire area. On typical seeders-cultivators, the paws are installed in two or three rows - the front row and the rear rows. The paws of the back rows are set with an offset relative to the front paws by an amount that somewhat overlaps the track from the front paws. This is done to reliably prune weeds and prevent flaws during sowing.

The task is to evenly distribute the bulk of the seeds in that part of the furrow that does not overlap with the trail of the back row, that is, within the specified width of the sowing strip.

In terms of the set of features and the task, this coulter of the seeder-cultivator is most similar to the proposed coulter of the seeder-cultivator and is taken as a prototype.

The problem is solved in that the coulter of the seeder-cultivator includes a lancet paw, a paw stand, a receiver attached to the paw, made in the form of a rectangular pipe with a partition dividing it into two channels, flaps of the arch of the sublap space, a distributor of sowing material made in the form of a gable wedge-shaped divider. The rear wall of the receiver is made with a slope in the direction of movement of the opener, which provides a decrease in the rate of fall of seeds on the wedge-shaped gable spreader and prevents the spread of seeds from the wedge-shaped gable spreader beyond the specified sowing band width.

A wedge-shaped gable divider is installed under the receiver below the flaps of the arch of the subalaped space with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 - opener, side view;

Figure 2 - opener, rear view;

Figure 3 - layout of the paws on the seeder-cultivator.

The coulter has a lancet paw 1 (Fig. 1), bolted to a spring strut 2. A receiver 3 is attached to the strut 2, made in the form of a rectangular pipe and divided by a longitudinal partition 4 into two equal parts forming the vas deferens 5. To the upper part of the receiver 3 flexible seed tubes are connected 6. The receiver 3 is divided in height into three parts - the upper funnel-shaped for receiving seeds, the middle vertical 7 and the lower inclined 8 with the front wall 9 and the rear wall 10. The lower inclined part 8 of the receiver 3 is adjacent to the rack 2 legs 1. Arch the sublap space is blocked by the right and left flaps 11, attached on both sides to the lower inclined part 8 of the receiver 3. At the bottom of the receiver 3, under the lower inclined part 8 and the seed tubes 5 between the flaps 11 and below they are fixed distributor 12 of the seed material, made in the form of a wedge-shaped gable divider with a general slope ranging from 10 to 25 in the direction opposite to the opener movement. In the upper part of the flexible seed tubes 6 there are coils of sowing devices 13.

To reduce the rate of seed fall, the lower part of the vas deferens 5 is made with a slope in the direction of movement of the coulter.

The slope of the back wall 10 relative to the horizontal in the direction of movement of the coulter is selected with the condition of reducing the rate of fall of seeds on the wedge-shaped gable spreader 12 and to prevent the spread of seeds from the wedge-shaped gable spreader beyond the specified sowing strip width.

A decrease in the rate of fall of seeds occurs as follows.

When the seeds hit the back wall 10, the inclined part 8 of the receiver 3, the seeds are reflected from the back wall 10, while their fall rate changes direction in a very short period of time. The change in the direction of speed depends on the angle of inclination of the rear wall 10 of the inclined part 8 of the receiver 3. The direction of movement of seeds reflected from the rear wall 10 is determined by the angle α, where α is the angle between the bottom of the furrow and the flight path of the seeds reflected from the rear wall 10 at the initial moment of movement. The speed of movement of the seeds after reflection from the rear wall 10 is the sum of two independent movements - movement with the acceleration of gravity vertically and rectilinear movement horizontally. The energy of the rectilinear movement of seeds horizontally is spent on transferring seeds to the front wall 9 of receiver 3, on collisions of seeds with each other due to the randomness of their movement, etc., and the energy of movement with the acceleration of free fall vertically is the force that will allow the seed fly away from the divider 12 by the desired value of 0.5 L. The ratio of the speeds of movement with the acceleration of free fall along the vertical Vc and the rectilinear movement of seeds horizontally Vg at the moment of reflection of the seeds from the back wall 10 of the inclined part 8 of the receiver 3 is connected are interconnected by the ratio:

Vв: Vг = tgα, where

α is the angle between the bottom of the furrow and the flight path of the seeds reflected from the back wall of the receiver.

The slope angle of the rear wall 10 of the receiver 3 relative to the horizontal and the angle between the bottom of the furrow and the flight path of the seeds reflected from the rear wall of the receiver are related by the mathematical expression:

φ = 45 ° + 0.5α, where:

φ is the angle of inclination of the rear wall 10 of the receiver 3 relative to the horizontal.

The angle between the bottom of the furrow and the flight path of the seeds reflected from the rear wall of the receiver and the limits of the specified width of the seed sowing strip L are related by the mathematical expression:

, где:

where:

L is the specified width of the sowing strip

L = 2B ₂ -B ₁ , where:

B ₁ - paw width 1, B ₂ - the distance between the axes of adjacent paws of the first and second row;

h ₀ is the average vertical distance from the coils 14 of the sowing apparatus to the place where the seeds hit the back inclined wall 10 of the receiver 3;

h ₁ - average vertical distance from the place of seeds on the back inclined wall 10 of the receiver 3 to the divider 12;

h ₂ - average vertical distance from the divider 12 to the sowing strip;

K is a coefficient that takes into account the loss of the rate of fall of the seeds due to friction of the seeds on the vas deferens and due to air resistance.

The coulter as part of the seeder-cultivator works as follows.

In the working position, the coulter moves in the soil at a given sowing depth. With a lancet paw 1, he cuts the soil layer, opens the furrow and forms a sowing bed. The sowing material from the coil of the sowing apparatus 14 through two parallel located seed tubes 5 enters the vertical part 7 of the receiver 3, hits the inclined back wall 10 of the receiver 3, is reflected from it and in two parallel flows enters the bevels of the gable wedge-shaped divider 12. This reduces the speed falling seeds on a gable wedge-shaped divider 12 due to the randomness of the movement of seeds reflected from the wall 10, the ingress of part of the seeds to the front wall 9 and reflection from it, the impact of seeds between duo, friction of seeds on the vas deferens, due to air resistance, etc.

Since the wedge-shaped gable divider 12 is installed with an inclination in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the coulter, the seed is scattered evenly along the sowing bed, bypassing the collision with the surfaces of the paw 1 and the flaps 11 of the arch of the under-ice space.

An example of the use of openers on the Ob-43T tillage machine:

The width of the paws B ₁ = 0.43 m, the distribution of paws on the frame of the machine is done through B ₂ = 0.36 m. Overlap paws of the back row is 0.43-0.36 = 0.07 m.

The width of the sowing strip, respectively, L = 2B ₂ -B ₁ ,

L = 2 × 0.36-0.43 = 0.29 m, and the distance from the center of the furrow is 0.5 L = 0.145 m.

The average vertical distance from the place of seeds on the back inclined wall of the receiver to the coils of the sowing apparatus h _o = 1,0 m;

The average vertical distance from the divider to the place where the seeds hit the rear inclined wall of the receiver h ₁ = 0.1 m;

The average vertical distance from the sowing strip to the spreader h ₂ = 0.06 m;

Coefficient taking into account the loss of the rate of fall of seeds due to friction of seeds on the vas deferens, air resistance, K = 2.0.

Substituting the initial data in the formula, we obtain

Sinα = 0.276, respectively, the angle α = 16 °.

The angle of inclination of the rear wall of the receiver is φ = 45 ° + 16 ° × 0.5 = 53 °; this angle corresponds to the results obtained in practice.

A prototype coulter of a seeder-cultivator is designed, manufactured and tested at the Siberian Agro-Industrial House OJSC of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Claims (2)

1. The coulter of the seeder-cultivator, which includes a lancet paw, a paw stand, a receiver attached to the paw, made in the form of a rectangular pipe with a partition separating it into two channels, flaps of the arch of the sub-silo space, a distributor of seed, made in the form of a gable wedge-shaped divider, characterized the fact that the rear wall of the receiver is made with a slope in the direction of movement of the coulter, providing a decrease in the rate of fall of seeds on the wedge-shaped gable divider and preventing parsing yvaniya seeds with a wedge-shaped gable deflector beyond a predetermined width seeding strips. 2. The coulter of the seeder-cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the wedge-shaped gable divider is installed below the flaps of the arch of the sublap space with a slope in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the coulter.

Images