RU2463766C1 - Device for spreading straw to grain harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used when harvesting agricultural crops with uniform spreading straw on the field surface. The device comprises a chute board-spreader with a shield mounted behind the straw separator. The chute board is made in the form of a wedged separator - divider, facing upwards with its top, having side edges, mounted on the axis of symmetry of the harvester. Under the separator there is a pipe communicated with a source of excessive pressure, having nozzles facing in opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the harvester. The slope angle of the side edges of the separator to the horizon is not greater than the angle of friction of straw on the edges material. Mounting of the wedged separator enables to divide the flow of straw coming out of the straw separator into two parts. Airflows coming out of the nozzles evenly spread the straw on the soil surface. The width of the scattered zone of the straw is adjusted by changing the air pressure in the system and the nozzles position.

EFFECT: invention provides uniform spreading of straw when harvesting agricultural crops.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combine harvesting, and may find application in the harvesting of grain and other agricultural crops with uniform spreading of straw coming out of the combine threshing machine, without additional grinding, on the field surface.

Known devices for laying straw on a stubble in a roll made in the form of a guiding casing adjacent to the unloading part of the combine thresher (Karpenko A.M., Khalansky V.M. Agricultural machines. M .: Kolos, p. 281, 1983; a. S. USSR No. 491344, Cl. A01D 41/12, 1973).

A disadvantage of the known devices is that they do not provide straw distribution over the field surface, and therefore, to mulch and fertilize the soil with straw straw, the fiber lying on the stubble must be further evenly distributed over the field surface, for example, with disk or annular harrows (Shcherbina P. A. et al. Energy and soil-saving technologies for corn cultivation using mulching tillage, Krasnodar, Agroprompolygraphist printing house, p.10, 1999) or other implements (AS USSR No. 481250, Cl. АВВ 49/00, 1973) that tr Fulfills additional fuel, material and labor costs.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a device for stacking straw in a roll, containing a pitched spreader board with a guard installed behind a straw walker (Yatseko V.A. Grain harvesting in difficult conditions, M .: Kolos, p.200 -2015, 1975 - prototype). In this device, the straw on a sloping board descends to the surface of the soil and is laid in a roll.

A disadvantage of the known device adopted for the prototype is that it does not provide straw distribution over the field surface to the width of the harvester header, since the width of the laying is limited by the sidewalls of the harvester. Therefore, the straw roll lying on the surface of the field must be evenly distributed over the field surface, which requires additional costs of fuel and material and labor resources. The time interval between harvesting and post-harvest tillage, for example, disking, also increases, which leads to rapid unproductive evaporation of moisture and desiccation of the soil. Dry soil cultivation increases traction resistance and the number of passes of machine-tractor units, and, consequently, fuel consumption.

The technical result of the invention is the uniform spreading of straw coming out of the thresher of the combine, without additional grinding it on the surface of the field for mulching and fertilizing the soil.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device containing a pitched spreader board with a guard mounted behind a straw walker, according to the invention, the pitched board is made in the form of a wedge-shaped divider-divider with side faces facing upward and mounted along the symmetry axis of the combine below the level of the straw walker moreover, the angle of inclination of the planes of the divider-divider to the horizon is not greater than the angle of friction on the material of the latter. Under the divider-divider is a pipe on which nozzles are installed, facing in opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the combine. The installation of a wedge-shaped divider-divider allows you to divide the stream of unshredded straw coming out of the thresher into two parts and direct them to air jets coming out of the nozzles, which, in turn, spread the straw on the soil surface to the right and left relative to the direction of the working pass of the combine.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in the field of technology, allowed to identify features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criteria of the invention "Inventive step".

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed device in the working position, rear view; figure 2 is the same, a top view.

The proposed device comprises a divider-divider 1 with side faces 2, which is installed along the symmetry axis of the combine 3 behind the straw walker 4 and below its level, and is turned upward 5. The angle of inclination of the side faces 2 of the divider 1 to the horizontal is not greater than the angle of friction of the straw on the material of the latter. In front of the divider 1, a flap 6 is installed at an angle to the horizon to prevent straw from entering the shaking board of the thresher.

Under the lower part of the divider-divider 1 is a pipe 7 connected to a source 8 of excess pressure. On the pipe 7 with the help of ball joints 9 mounted nozzle 10, facing in opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the combine.

The device operates as follows. In the process of threshing grain, straw descending from straw walker 4, under the influence of its own weight and kinetic energy transmitted to it by straw walker 4, falls along a certain path to a divider-divider 1. Divider-divider 1 divides the flow of unmilled straw into two parts and directs them to jets air coming out of the nozzles 10, which, in turn, scatter the straw in different directions and it evenly falls on the soil surface. The width of the spreading strip is controlled by changing the air pressure in the discharge system and the position of the nozzles 10 relative to the horizontal and longitudinal axis of the combine.

In comparison with the known devices, the proposed device provides a more uniform distribution of unshredded straw leaving the combine threshing machine over the field surface and creates normal conditions for the work of disk and ring harrows of the combine on the field surface and creates normal conditions for the work of disk and ring harrows, cultivators and other tillage implements, thereby providing high quality surfaces of mulching tillage and mixing of its upper layers with straw. High quality machines for direct sowing of subsequent crops are also provided.

In turn, unshredded straw evenly scattered across the field surface protects the soil from deflation (wind and water erosion), preserves and accumulates humus in the soil, increases the moisture storage capacity of the soil and improves its agrophysical, agrochemical and biological properties, as well as increase productivity subsequent crops at the minimum cost of fuel, material and labor resources.

Thus, the use of uncrushed straw for mulching sown areas for spring row crops is an essential element in the biologization of agriculture and the economy of resources for agricultural production.

Claims (2)

1. A device for spreading straw to a combine harvester, comprising a pitched spreader board with a guard installed behind a straw walker, characterized in that the pitched board is made in the form of a wedge-shaped divider-divider with lateral faces facing upwards and installed on the axis of symmetry, and installed with its top facing up and installed beneath it is a pipe equipped with nozzles facing in opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the combine and communicated with a source of excess pressure, and the angle of inclination of the faces to the horizon is not proc eed straw angle of friction of the material of the latter. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle is installed in the pipe by means of ball joints.

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