RU2219699C2 - Grain harvester straw shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: proposed straw shredder contains housing accommodating longitudinal tie-rods and cutting knives installed on tie-rods between bushings. Tie-rods are secured on shaft installed for rotation. Cutting knives are installed for interaction with shear-bar knifes. Shredder contains casings, shutter-case and straw collector. Shutter-case is hinge installed in housing for covering the knives and using its convex side as guide for straw when feeding straw into straw collector when shredder is not operated. With shredder operating shutter-case is used as guide to feed straw to shredder knives. Ends shafts adjoining the casing are covered by hoods. Provision of turnable shutter-case in shredder housing makes it possible to easily re-adjust harvester for collecting of straw or shredding of straw for spreading. EFFECT: facilitated re-adjustment. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to grinding machines for combine harvesters.

 Known grinding apparatus of a combine harvester containing a shaft with pivotally mounted and having blades blades mounted parallel to the axis of the shaft with the possibility of interaction with contradictions (A.S. USSR 1588317, A 01 F 29/00 from 04/01/87, publ. BI 32, 30.08 .90). The disadvantage of this invention is the impossibility of its installation directly in the accumulator of the combine.

 Known straw chopper for combine harvester, comprising a housing with longitudinal rods placed in it, with knives installed between the bushings, the longitudinal rods mounted on a shaft mounted for rotation, and the knives interact with the opposing knives (RF patent 2129358, A 01 F 12/40 from 01/05/98, publ. 04/27/99 - prototype). The disadvantage of this invention is the insufficient quality of straw chopping due to the possibility of clogging straw between the chopper body and the rotary knife block, as well as the possibility of winding the straw mass on the chopper drive shaft, which will lead to clogging of the chopper (with a large mass of straw coming from the buttons of the straw walker. Moreover, such a chopper cannot be installed directly in the harvester of the combine.

 The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of grinding by eliminating clogging of the chopper and the ability to install the chopper directly in the harvester of the combine, which greatly simplifies the readjustment of the combine either to chop the straw or to collect it in the collector.

 The problem is solved by a straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with longitudinal rods placed in it and cutting knives mounted on them between the bushings, while the longitudinal rods are mounted on a shaft mounted for rotation, and the cutting knives are installed with the possibility of interaction with the opposing knives, which according to the invention is equipped with casings, a shutter-casing and a stacker, and the shutter-casing is hinged in the housing with the possibility of closing the area of the knives and use its convex side as a guide for straw when fed into the stacker when the chopper is idle and with the possibility of using it as a guide for feeding straw to the chopper knives if it is working, while the shaft ends adjacent to the chopper body are covered with casings, and the bottom of the collector made by finger for the passage of chopped straw between the fingers of the bottom and spreading over the field.

 Analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allowed us to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

 A comparative analysis of the features of the proposed solution with the features of known analogues did not reveal solutions that match the features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

 A comparative analysis of the features of the proposed solution with the features of known analogues did not reveal solutions that match the features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed solution is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of a grinder, ready for use; figure 2 - chopper, closed by a cover-casing. The straw chopper for the combine harvester is installed in the collector and secured to the walls of the collector, for example, using bolts with nuts (not shown). The chopper is installed at a distance of 25-30 mm from the bottom of the collector and at a distance of 250-300 mm in depth from the keys of the straw walker and consists of a housing 1 with longitudinal rods 2 located on it. On the longitudinal rods 2 between the bushings 3 cutting knives 4 are installed, while longitudinal rods 2 are mounted on the shaft 5, for example, using disks (not shown). The shaft 5 is mounted rotatably, for example, from a harvester variator (not shown). When rotating the shaft 5, the cutting knives 4 rotate between the counter-knives 6. In the housing 1, a shutter-casing 8 is pivotally mounted 7, which, when the chopper is working, is installed with an angle of 25-30 ^o from the vertical and tilted towards the keys of the straw walker. The curtain cover 8 serves as a guide for the straw coming from the keys of the straw walker. In the inoperative chopper, the shutter-casing 8, pivotally mounted 7, is installed so that it completely covers the chopper's cutting apparatus, and its outer convex side serves as a guide for the straw, which comes from the keys of the straw walker and the fingers of the straw walker. In this case, the straw slides along the convex surface of the shutter-casing 8 and falls on the bottom of the stacker. The ends of the shaft 5, attached to the housing 1, are closed by casings 9 to prevent winding of straw on the shaft 5 with the chopper working.

 A straw chopper for a combine harvester operates as follows.

 It is installed in the collector of the combine, previously holes (for drilling the shaft 5 and fixing the chopper in the collector (for example, using bolts and nuts) are cut out (drilled) in the walls of the collector). A pulley (not shown) is mounted on the shaft 5. The curtain cover 8 is installed with an inclination towards the keys of the straw walker. The belt is removed from the straw drive pulley and put on the chopper pulley. The chopper is ready to go. The straw from the keys of the straw walker falls onto the curtain cover 8 and slides along it, then is grabbed by knives 4 fixed on the shaft 5 with the help of longitudinal rods 2 and bushings 3, and pressed against the opposing knives 6. The straw is cut (split), which falls between with the fingers of the bottom of the stacker and evenly spreads across the field.

 To exclude the winding of straw on the ends of the shaft 5, they are closed by casings 9, through which the straw slides and enters the cutting apparatus of the chopper.

 If it is necessary to collect straw in the shafts, the shutter-casing 8 is lowered onto the chopper grinding apparatus, the belt from the chopper pulley is removed and installed on the straw chopper pulley. The straw from the keys of the straw walker and the fingers of the straw collector falls onto the curtain-casing 8, and since the curtain-casing 8 is convex, the straw slides along the convex side of the curtain-casing 8 and is dumped onto the fingers of the bottom of the stacker, where a pile is accumulated and formed, which is folded onto field.

 This embodiment of the chopper allows you to very quickly rebuild the harvester to chop the straw and spread it around the field or to collect straw and the formation of mops. At the same time, a minimum amount of time and minimum labor costs are spent.

Claims (1)

A straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with longitudinal rods placed in it and cutting knives mounted between them by the bushings, while the longitudinal rods are mounted on a shaft mounted for rotation, and the cutting knives are mounted to interact with the opposing knives, characterized in that it is equipped with shrouds, a shroud-shroud and a stacker, moreover, the shroud-shroud is hinged in the housing with the possibility of closing the area of knives and using its convex side as e guide for straw when feeding into the stacker with the chopper not working, and with the possibility of using it as a guide for feeding straw to the chopper knives if it is working, while the ends of the shaft adjacent to the chopper body are covered with casings, and the bottom of the collector is made finger-type the passage of crushed straw between the fingers of the bottom and spreading over the field.

Images