RU2275001C2 - Straw grinder for grain harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in grinding units of grain harvesters.

SUBSTANCE: straw grinder has casing incorporating shaft equipped with cutting knives and positioned for rotation within casing. Shear knives are fixed on casing and adapted for cooperating with cutting knives. Window is provided through wall opposite to site where grinder is attached to combine. Curtain-housing is pivotally fixed on case of combine. When process for laying of straw over field surface is carried out, curtain-housing is folded into grinder cavity to close access to cutter bar of uncut straw. Owing to employment of pivotal foldable curtain-housing, straw grinder is readily readjusted from straw grinding state to uncut straw discharge state without necessity for dismantling of straw grinder.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified operation.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to grinding machines for combine harvesters.

Known straw chopper for combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft mounted inside the shaft and mounted with fixed cutting knives, while the shaft is mounted for rotation, and the cutting knives interact with the counter knives (RF patent No. 2129358, A 01 F 12/40 of 05.01. 98, publ. 04/27/99).

The disadvantage of this invention is the insufficient quality of chopping straw due to the possibility of clogging the straw between the chopper body and the block of rotating knives, as well as the possibility of winding the straw mass on the chopper drive shaft. In addition, such a shredder does not allow spreading unshredded straw across the field without removing it from the combine.

The closest in technical essence is a straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft located inside the shaft with cutting knives fixed to it, while the shaft is mounted rotatably, and with opposing knives fixed to the housing, a curtain cover (RF patent No. 2219699, A 01 F 12/40 of 09/19/2001, publ. BI No. 36 of 12/27/2003 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this shredder is that it cannot be converted to spreading unshredded straw on the field surface.

The objective of the invention is the ability to rebuild the chopper to chop and spread the chopped straw across the field, as well as spreading the straw across the field without chopping it.

The problem is solved by a straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft placed inside the shaft with cutting knives fixed on it, a curtain-casing, according to the invention, a window is made in the wall opposite the place of attachment of the chopper to the combine, and when straw is crushed, it is closed by a curtain-casing installed hinged, and when spreading the straw, the curtain-cover blocks access to the cutting knives and serves as a guide for the passage of straw through the window. A vibration exciter is installed in the grinder, which interacts with the shutter-casing when spreading straw.

Analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allowed us to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal signs that match the distinctive features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by schematic drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the chopper, figure 2 - chopper with installed mechanical vibration exciter.

The straw chopper for a combine harvester consists of a housing 1, inside of which a shaft 2 is installed with cutting knives fixed to it 3. The shaft 2 is mounted rotatably, for example, from the drive of a combine straw walker (not shown). On the body 1 there are fixed opposing knives 4, which interact with the cutting knives 3. On the body 1 the hinged shutter-casing is fixed hinged 5. The shutter-casing 5 closes the window 6 when chopping straw, which is made in the wall opposite to the attachment point of the chopper to the combine. The curtain cover during spreading of straw blocks access to the cutting knives 3, reclining on hinges into the body 1 of the chopper. When spreading the straw, the shutter-casing 5 is fixed inside the chopper, for example, using two spring-loaded rods (not shown in the drawing).

The curtain cover 5 serves as a guide for the straw coming out of the straw walker and thrown from the chopper into the field through the window 6.

To prevent straw from hanging on the shutter-casing 5, a vibration exciter 7 can be mounted on the housing 1, for example, made in the form of an eccentric driven by a belt drive from a straw collector drive (not shown). The vibration exciter 7 interacts with the shutter-casing 5, causing it to vibrate, and the straw easily leaves the shutter-casing 5 in the window 6.

Vibration exciters can be either mechanical or electrical. A straw chopper for a combine harvester operates as follows. The shutter-casing 5 is set to its original position, that is, the cutting 3 and the opposing knives 4 are open. The casing-curtain 5 closes the window 6 and is mounted on the housing 1, for example, using two spring-loaded rods (not shown). The belt from the exciter pulley 7 is removed. On a pulley (not shown) connected to the shaft 2, a belt is attached that is connected to the pulley of a straw walker of a combine (not shown). The shaft 2 with the cutting knives 3 fixed thereon begins to rotate. The straw from the straw walker when the combine is working falls on the cutting knives 3, which press it to the opposing knives 4 and split (cut). Split (cut) straw evenly spreads across the field. In the case of spreading uncut straw across the field, the shutter-casing 5 is folded into the inside of the chopper and secured using spring-loaded rods; window 6 opens. The belt from the drive (not shown) of the shaft 2 with the cutting knives 3 fixed to it is removed. The drive exciter 7 is put on a belt removed from the drive of the straw chopper. The vibration exciter 7 excites vibrations in the curtain cover 5. When the combine is working, straw (and the floor) from the straw walker falls onto the curtain cover 5, and since it has a slope towards window 6 and vibrates, the straw enters the window and spreads out across the field. Thus, the proposed straw chopper for a combine harvester is easily reconstructed to chop the straw or unload the chopped straw from the harvester without dismantling the chopper.

Claims (2)

1. A straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft located inside the shaft with cutting knives fixed to it, the shaft mounted for rotation, and with opposing knives fixed to the housing and a curtain-hood, characterized in that it is opposite from the attachment point a window is made to the harvester wall; when chopping straw, it is closed by a shutter-casing, mounted hinged, and when spreading straw, the shutter-casing blocks access to cutting knives and serves as a guide for passage yes straw out the window. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the shredder is equipped with a vibration exciter interacting with the shutter-casing when spreading the straw.

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