RU2681487C1 - Device for spreading straw to a combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: device for spreading straw to a combine harvester contains a threshing drum, a chute board mounted behind a straw walker, a splitter divider with a pipe located under it, which is provided with nozzles and communicated with an air overpressure source. Pipe is equipped with a tank, which is made in the form of a hemisphere, along the perimeter of which nozzles are located. Nozzles are equipped with sprinklers, which consist of atomizers, communicated by means of fittings with a metering device. Atomizers are located under the nozzles, and the splitter divider is made in the form of a cut cone with an elliptical base with radial ribs and is located above the tank with nozzles. Device has a chopper installed after the threshing drum, which is made in the form of a rotor consisting of circular saws fixed rigidly on the shaft 10–12 cm apart from each other, guide fingers fixed between circular saws, and finger rake, which is installed on the chopper. Circulation saws, guide fingers and finger rake are placed with overlapping. Threshing drum is communicated with the rotor shaft by means of a V-belt transmission, whose pulley radii have a 2:1 ratio to ensure different speeds of rotation of the threshing drum and the rotor.EFFECT: use of this invention improves the quality of chopping straw.1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for preparing straw for humification.

A known device for spreading straw to a combine harvester (see RF patent No. 2463766), containing a pitched spreader board with a guard mounted behind a straw walker, which is made in the form of a wedge-shaped divider-divider with lateral faces mounted along the axis of symmetry, and facing upward, and a pipe installed beneath it, equipped with nozzles facing in opposite directions relative to the longitudinal axis of the combine, and communicated with a source of overpressure, and the angle of inclination of the faces to the horizon is not greater more than the angle of friction of straw on the material of the latter, while the nozzle is installed in the pipe by means of ball joints.

However, the disadvantages of this device are: 1 - insufficient straw chopping, worsening the possibility of embedding straw in the soil; 2 - uneven distribution of straw across the field; 3 - the lack of processing of straw with a working solution-humifier, affecting more efficient humification in the soil.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is a device for spreading straw to a combine harvester (see patent No. 2634279), including a ramp mounted behind a straw walker, a divider divider with a pipe located underneath, equipped with nozzles and connected to a source of overpressure air, the pipe is equipped with a tank made in the form of a hemisphere, around the perimeter of which there are nozzles equipped with sprayers consisting of sprayers communicated through a nozzle s with a metering device, while the nozzles are located under the nozzles, and the divider-divider is made in the form of a cut cone with an elliptical base with radial ribs and is located above the container with nozzles and a threshing drum.

A disadvantage of the known device is the insufficient chopping of straw, worsening the possibility of incorporating it into the soil.

The technical result is to increase the quality of chopping straw, to ensure its uniform distribution over the field.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for spreading straw to a combine harvester containing a sloping board installed behind a straw walker, a divider divider with a pipe located below it, equipped with nozzles and connected to a source of excess air pressure, and the pipe is equipped with a container made in the form of a hemisphere, according to the perimeter of which are nozzles equipped with sprayers, consisting of sprayers communicated through nozzles with a metering device, and sprayers are located They are under the nozzles, and the divider divider is made in the form of a cut cone with an elliptical base with radial ribs and is located above the tank with the nozzle threshing drum, according to the invention there is a chopper installed after the threshing drum made in the form of a rotor, consisting of circular circular saws fixed in 10- 12 cm apart from each other rigidly on the shaft, guide fingers fixed between circular saws and a finger grate, over which the chopper is installed, and the circular saws, Finger fingers and finger grating are placed overlapping, while the threshing drum is in communication with the rotor shaft by means of a V-belt drive, the pulley radii of which have a 2: 1 ratio to provide different speeds of rotation of the threshing drum and rotor.

A new element is that instead of a bumper beater placed after the threshing drum of the combine, a rotor is installed, including circular circular saws fixed rigidly on the shaft 10-12 cm apart, guide fingers fixed between circular saws, circular saws, guide fingers and finger grate are placed with overlapping, and the drive of the breaker beater is more fast, this is done by installing a beater pulley of a smaller diameter in relation to the pulley of the threshing drum. The connection of the pulleys is carried out by means of a V-belt transmission.

The novelty lies in the fact that the rotor, including circular circular saws fixed rigidly on the shaft 10-12 cm apart, guide fingers fixed between circular saws, and circular saws, guide fingers and finger grill, are overlapped, provides grinding straw, which increases the distribution of straw and improves the quality of humification.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 - Schematically shows a device for chopping straw to a combine harvester, side view; in FIG. 2 - Spraying system of the unit; in FIG. 3 - General view of the grinding apparatus; in FIG. 4 - Scheme of grinding the grinding apparatus with installed saws and guide fingers; in FIG. 5 - Drive grinding machine; in FIG. 6 - Mounting the working bodies of the grinding apparatus.

A device for spreading straw to a combine harvester contains a ramp 1 installed behind a straw walker 2, a divider-divider 3 made in the form of a cut cone with an elliptical base with radial ribs. Under it is a pipe 4, equipped with nozzles 5. The pipe 4 is in communication with a source of excess air pressure 6, capacity 7 with a humifier. The pipe 4 is made in the form of a hemisphere, along the perimeter of which nozzles 5 are provided, provided with nozzles 8 communicated through nozzles with a capacity of 7, while nozzles 8 are located under the nozzles 5, and the divider-divider 3 is located above the container with nozzles. After the threshing drum 9 of the combine, a chopper is installed, including circular saws 10, fixed 10-12 cm apart from each other rigidly on the shaft 11, guide fingers 12 and finger grill 13 are overlapped. The connection of the pulleys 14 and 15 is carried out by means of a V-belt transmission 16. The radii of the pulleys have a 2: 1 ratio to provide different speeds of rotation of the threshing drum 9 and the rotor shaft 11.

A device for spreading straw to a combine harvester works as follows

In the process of threshing the grain of straw under the influence of its own weight and kinetic energy transmitted to it by the threshing drum 9, it is captured by the guide fingers 11 and a grinding apparatus is fed, on which circular saws 10 are located at a distance of 10-12 cm from each other, which in turn chop the straw . The speed of rotation of the rotor 11 is greater than the speed of rotation of the threshing drum 9 due to the installation of a pulley of a smaller diameter. The rotor pulley is driven by a V-belt drive 16.

The use of this unit will improve the quality of straw chopping due to installed circular saws, which in turn will speed up the process of straw humification for the rapid accumulation of humus in the soil, i.e. accelerate the processes of restoration and increase soil fertility.

Claims (1)

A device for spreading straw to a combine harvester, comprising a ramp mounted behind a straw walker, a divider divider with a pipe located below it, provided with nozzles and communicated with a source of excess air pressure, the pipe being equipped with a container made in the form of a hemisphere, around which there are nozzles equipped with sprayers consisting of nozzles communicated through nozzles with a metering device, the nozzles being located under the nozzles, and the divider-divider flax in the form of a cut cone with an elliptical base with radial ribs and located above the container with nozzles, and a threshing drum, characterized in that it has a chopper installed after the threshing drum, made in the form of a rotor, consisting of circular circular saws fixed in 10-12 cm rigidly apart from each other on a shaft, guide fingers fixed between circular saws, and a finger grate over which the chopper is mounted, and the circular saws, guide fingers and finger grate overlap-enes, wherein the threshing drum in communication with the rotor shaft by a belt transmission, the radii of the pulleys which have a ratio of 2: 1 for different rotational speeds of the threshing drum and the rotor.

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