RU2750114C1 - Unit for harvesting long-stem feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting, crushing long-stemmed forage crops and preparing forage. To increase the efficiency of the unit for harvesting long-stem feed, one should reduce material consumption, increase the reliability of parts and collect chopped plant mass for harvesting feed in the unit for harvesting long-stem feed having a frame 1 with a lower beam 2 and an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4, fasteners 34 of the mechanism hinges 35 on the vehicle 36 and a screen 30. There are rollers 6 in front of the screen. The rollers have disks 8 having protrusions 15 with curved sections 16 and straight sections separated by intermediate rings 9, additional intermediate rings 10, located in pairs on adjacent rollers 6, made with equal height between each other and provided with pins 22, according to the invention, the screen 30 is installed at an angle to the rollers 6, which ensures the reflection of the crushed plant mass downward, and is equipped with an unloading opening 31 with a loader 32 installed between the screen 30 and the vehicle 36. There are cleaners 29 of the rollers 6 on the frame. The cleaners are made in form of vertical plates, installed at an angle to the intermediate rings 9 to ensure the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers 6, and additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height equal to the height of the discs 8 and intermediate rings 9, and the disks 8 are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disk 8, and the straight sections of the protrusions 15 of the disk 8 are made in the form of a cutter 17 installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller 6.EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of harvesting long-stem feed.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting, grinding long-stemmed fodder crops and preparing fodder.

Known combine harvester for harvesting amaranth, containing a housing, cutting devices, in the form of vertical drive shafts with discs and blades, a transport device, a stalk chopper, removable spacers (Patent for utility model RU No. 147550, class A01D 45/30, 2014 ).

The disadvantage of the known header is the lack of efficiency when harvesting forage directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known header is intended for harvesting the grain part of the plant, and crushing the leafy mass is an accompanying process that ensures the separation of the panicles of the plant from the stem, and simplifies the process of harvesting the non-grain part of the plant. The use of the cutting device of a known header for harvesting forage directly in the field will lead to a violation of the quality of the harvested forage due to non-compliance with the requirements for a 20-30 mm chopping module.

Known rotary mineral crusher (Rotating mineral breaker), containing parallel drums with protrusions (US No. 7644882 B2).

The disadvantage of the known crusher of minerals is its inoperability during the operation of harvesting feed directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary grinder, and its use for grinding long-stemmed feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible. In addition, the working surface of the device is represented not only by one pair of drums, but by their chain, since the crushed material passes from the first drum to the extreme one, it is impossible to consider a pair of drums separately.

Known feed grinder containing a frame, parallel to each other screws, the screws are made of discs, the edges of the discs are made with protrusions (Patent for utility model RU No. 172239, class A01F 29/00, 2017).

The disadvantage of the known grinder is its inoperability during the operation of harvesting feed directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary grinder and its use for grinding long-stemmed feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a shredder containing a frame including the lower and upper beams, fastening the hitching mechanism to the vehicle and the screen, rollers having disks with protrusions that have curved and straight sections separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers with pins (Patent for utility model RU No. 144351, class В02С 4/02, 2014 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known shredder, taken as a prototype, are high weight, insufficient reliability of the design of additional intermediate rings with pins, insufficient tightening ability, the inability of the device to collect chopped plant matter for the purpose of harvesting feed, the absence of elements for cleaning the rollers.

These disadvantages are due to the following.

The screen of the known device is installed vertically, which, when the plant mass sticks, can make it difficult to move it to the bottom of the screen.

The known device is adapted for utilization of the crushed plant mass by mixing with the upper soil layer and does not have the ability to collect or transport the crushed plant mass.

The chopped crop can stick to the drums and make it difficult for the crop that has not yet been chopped to pass through.

Additional intermediate rings of the known device are rigidly fixed on the roller shaft, while the stem is not crushing over the entire thickness of the stem in one pass of the protrusion, the pins are unable to release the stem and try to push it further. Such impact can lead to breakage of pins or seizure of the installation.

The discs of the known shredder are made of solid metal, which significantly increases the mass of the rollers and the energy consumption for unwinding the rollers and moving the device across the field.

The straight part of the disc protrusion is made smooth, which reduces the tightening ability.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed, reduce the consumption of materials, increase the reliability of the parts and collect the crushed plant mass for the preparation of feed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the unit for the preparation of long-stemmed fodder, containing a frame with lower and upper beams, sidewalls, attachments of the hitching mechanism to the vehicle and a screen, in front of which there are rollers with disks having protrusions with curved and rectilinear sections, separated by intermediate rings , additional intermediate rings, located in pairs on adjacent rollers, made with equal height between themselves and equipped with pins, according to the invention, the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, which ensures the reflection of the chopped plant mass downwards, and is equipped with an unloading opening with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle , while on the frame there are roller cleaners made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of ratchet overtaking clutch and a height equal to the height of the discs and intermediate rings, and the discs are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc, and the rectilinear sections of the disc projections are made in the form of a cutter installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that due to a new set of features, namely:

- installation of roller cleaners in the form of vertical plates at an angle to the intermediate rings, which ensure the removal of the adhering crushed plant mass from the roller zone and direct it to the exit to the lower part of the grinder;

- performing the intermediate ring as a ratchet overrunning clutch that allows the pins to rotate relative to the drum shaft under a certain load, so that the stem captured by the pins remains constantly pressed against the working surface until it is crushed without undue effort;

- making the discs composite with the formation of a cavity inside, allowing to reduce the mass of the roller, energy costs for unwinding the roller and moving the grinder across the field;

- installation of the screen at an angle that ensures the reflection of the crushed plant mass downward, facilitates the descent of the crushed mass and prevents excessive adhesion to the screen;

- supply of the screen with an unloading opening with a loader allowing to collect and unload the crushed mass;

- performing the rectilinear part of the disc protrusion in the form of a cutter, allows increasing the tightening ability of the grinder by increasing the penetrating ability into the plant stem, achieving the technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of the grinder, reducing material consumption, increasing the reliability of the parts and collecting the crushed plant mass for harvesting stern.

Analysis of the properties of a new set of features of the claimed technical solution in comparison with the prototype and analogues showed that it is unknown from the prior art and provides new properties that are not inherent in each feature separately, which corresponds to the inventive step.

Industrial applicability is due to the fact that the unit for the preparation of long-stemmed fodder for long-stemmed fodder is efficient and it can be used for the procurement of fodder.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed, side view; in fig. 2 - shows the unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed, in a stepped section, in perspective, in view A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - shows a composite disk, in perspective; in fig. 4 shows a diagram of an additional intermediate ring in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch.

The unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed includes a frame 1 containing a lower beam 2, an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4 and partitions 5. In the lower beam 2 and the upper beam 3, rollers 6 are installed, consisting of a shaft 7, discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 (Fig. 1).

Discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 are made of equal height and are installed on the shaft 7. Discs 8 on each roller 6 are installed through intermediate rings 10 so that the discs 8 of the adjacent roller 6 enter the gap between the discs 8 of the other roller 6. Additional intermediate rings 10 are installed in pairs on each of the rollers 6 involved in grinding.

The disks 8 are made up of a base 11 with an outer bead 12, an inner bead 13 and a cover 14 with the formation of a cavity inside the disks 8. On the outer bead 12 there are projections 15 with curved sections 16 and rectilinear sections made in the form of cutters 17 and installed parallel to the axis of rotation roller 6, to increase the pulling power and dividing the plant stem along the fibers. The inner bead 13 forms a bore 18 of the disk 8 on the shaft 7. The outer bead 12 and the inner bead 13 have grooves 19 for mounting the cover 14. The cover 14 is installed in the grooves 19 and forms a sealed cavity inside the disk 8 (Fig. 3).

Additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and consist of an outer cage 20 and an inner cage 21. Outside the outer cage 20, pins 22 are fixed, and inside there are toothed grooves 23. The inner cage 21 has a hole 24 for landing on the shaft 7, pressure plates 25 connected to the inner casing 21 by an elastic element 26 working in compression, mounted on the axles 27 with the possibility of rotation. The shape of the end 28 of the pressure plate 25 copies the shape of the toothed groove 23 of the outer casing 20 (Fig. 4).

The rollers 6 are equipped with cleaners 29, in the form of vertical plates installed on the sidewalls 4 and partitions 5 at an angle to the intermediate rings 9, providing the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers 6. The partitions 5 separate the pairs of rollers 6 participating in the grinding.

The frame 1 is equipped with a screen 30 installed behind the rollers 6 at an angle, providing a reflection of the chopped plant mass downward. The screen 30 in its lower part has an unloading opening 31 connected to a loader 32 installed behind the screen 30 with an unloading sleeve 33 (the loader can be made with a structure, for example, as a grain thrower https://aktivpromplus.ru/produkciya/zernometateli). The frame 1 has fasteners 34 of the linkage mechanism 35 to the vehicle 36. On the upper beam 3 are mounted hydraulic motors 37, which drive the rollers 6 into operation (Fig. 2).

The unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed works as follows. Preliminarily, the frame 1 of the unit is frontally hung onto the vehicle 36 using the fasteners 34 on it using the linkage mechanism 35 (Fig. 1). When entering the field, the hydraulic motors 37 drive the rollers 6 into operation. Since the discs 8 are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc 8, this significantly reduces their weight as a result of the energy consumption for unwinding the rollers 6 is reduced, and the efficiency of the hydraulic motors 37 increases. Pairs of rollers 6 rotate towards each other.

The vehicle 36 with the unit begins to move and the rollers 6 with pins 22 capture the plants that are at the surface, standing vertically or with an inclination, and press them against the surface of the disks 8. The straight sections made in the form of incisors 17, the projections 15 of the disks 8 penetrate deep into the plant stem , divide it along the fibers, and grind it along its entire length, pinching off its parts and tightening it into the gaps between the discs 8 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

At the moment of pressing the pins 22 of the plant stem to the discs 8, a force is generated on the additional intermediate ring 10, made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch. When the clamping force of the pin 22 reaches a maximum, the pressure plates 25 compress the elastic elements 26 and the pins 22 are turned off (rotation of the inner cage 21 relative to the outer cage 20). When the clamping force decreases, the elastic element 26 is released and the pins 22 are put into operation (the end 28 of the pressure plate 25 wedges in the next toothed groove 23, while the plant stem is crushed and does not interfere with the pins 22 to rotate, to grip and press the next stem) (Fig. . four).

The crushed plant mass due to the rotation of the rollers 6 is fed to the screen 30, which reflects it down to the unloading opening 31. The cleaners 29 in the form of vertical plates clean the crushed mass from the intermediate rings 9 and remove it from the zone of the rollers 6 (Fig. 2). The chopped plant mass through the unloading opening 31 enters the loader 32. The loader 32 through the unloading arm 33 feeds the chopped plant mass, for example, into a parallel carriage (not shown in the figures). After that, the crushed plant mass is transported to the place of harvesting juicy forage / silage without additional crushing.

The use of the invention will increase the tightening capacity of the unit for harvesting long-stemmed, reduce material consumption, increase the reliability of parts, clean the rollers and collect the crushed plant matter for harvesting feed.

Claims (1)

A unit for the preparation of long-stemmed feed, containing a frame with lower and upper beams, sidewalls, attachments of the hitching mechanism to the vehicle and a screen, in front of which are installed rollers with disks having protrusions with curved and straight sections, separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers, made with an equal height between each other and equipped with pins, characterized in that the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, which reflects the chopped plant mass down, and is equipped with an unloading hole with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle, while on the frame there are roller cleaners made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the output of the crushed plant mass from the roller zone, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height equal to the height of the discs and p intermediate rings, and the disks are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disk, and the rectilinear sections of the projections of the disk are made in the form of a cutter installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller.

Images