RU2749077C1 - Method for preparing feed from long-stemmed plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods for the preparation of succulent feed for animal feeding. The method for preparing feed from long-stemmed plants includes cutting the plants taking into account the speed of the unit, grinding, collecting, unloading and transporting them to the place of laying. Cutting and grinding along the entire length of the plant is carried out simultaneously by means of vertical rollers with cutting elements in the form of disks with protrusions. In this case, the rotation frequency of the rollers is set depending on the height and number of protrusions on the disk, as well as on the forward speed of the unit.EFFECT: invention is aimed at ensuring possibility of harvesting feed with simultaneous cutting, crushing and collecting plant mass, as well as improving the quality of the harvested feed.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for the preparation of succulent feed for animal feeding.

Known technical solutions (Patent for invention RU No. 2361386, class A01D 43/08, A01D 43/10, 2019), (Patent for invention RU No. 2572204, class A01D 43/08, A01D 43/10, 2015) and ( Patent for invention RU No. 2625659, class A01D 43/08, A01D 43/10, 2017), carrying out the process of harvesting forage as follows: when the combine moves across the field, the crop mass is cut by a header or adapter, after which it is transported to the chopping drum , and then moving the silage chute into the bunker.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the time spent on transporting cut plants, the time spent on grinding plants and the presence of additional transporting structural elements.

These disadvantages are due to the following. Plants are cut at the surface of the field (root of the plant), after which the cut plants are transported to the chopping drum. Transporting cut plants to the chopping drum increases the time required for the forage harvesting process, and also requires additional structural elements, which increases the energy consumption for the forage harvesting process.

In this case, the cut plants are fed to the chopping drum with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum. The grinding process proceeds from the bottom of the plant stem to the top, which increases the time required for grinding.

It is worth noting that these disadvantages are also true for other technologies that implement the principle of operation: cutting with a header, transportation to a chopper, chopping, unloading.

There is a known method of harvesting dried fodder, which consists in mowing into a roll, selecting a roll and preliminary grinding, regrinding, packaging (Patent for invention RU No. 2223630, class A01D 89/00, 2014).

The disadvantages of this method are the consumption of energy and time for the formation of rolls and preliminary grinding of cut plants.

These disadvantages are due to the following. Cutting plants and forming swaths is an additional operation and requires time and energy, as well as requires special working tools.

After selection, the mass is crushed and regrind. Regrinding of plants leads to additional expenditures of time and energy, and also requires special working organs.

A known method of preparing silage in the field, which consists in mowing, chopping, pressing, packing (Patent for invention RU No. 2629972, class A01D 43/08, A01D 43/10, 2016).

The disadvantages of this method are the time spent on transportation of cut plants, the time spent on grinding plants, the presence of additional transporting structural elements.

These disadvantages are due to the following. The adapter cuts the plants near the surface of the field (plant root), after which the cut plants are transported to the chopping drum. Transporting cut plants to the chopping drum increases the time required for the forage harvesting process, and also requires additional structural elements, which increases the energy consumption for the forage harvesting process.

In this case, the cut plants are fed to the chopping drum with their longitudinal axes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum. The grinding process proceeds from the bottom of the plant stem to the top, which increases the time required for grinding.

Then there is pressing and packing into containers. The presence of such additional operations complicates the process of harvesting feed as a whole and leads to additional costs.

Known technical solution, in which the technology of harvesting feed consists in the fact that the cut of plants is carried out by vertical rollers with disks having protrusions and simultaneous grinding along the entire length of the plant, after which the crushed mass is embedded in the soil (Patent for utility model RU # 144351, cl. В02С 4/02, 2014).

The disadvantage of the preparation of feed in the known technical solution is the inability to prepare the feed.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The technical solution implements the utilization of plant products and does not have the ability to collect crushed plant matter.

There is a known method of harvesting cobs of milky-wax ripeness, which consists in mowing corn plants, collecting leafy mass, feeding the stems into the chopper and unloading them with a silage chute (Patent for invention RU No. 2611834, class A01D 91/04, A01D 45/02, 2017).

The disadvantages of this method are: the time spent on transportation of cut plants, the time spent on grinding plants, the presence of additional transporting structural elements, the presence of operations for the separation and packaging of corn cobs.

These disadvantages are due to the following. The cut plants are transported to the shredder. Transporting cut plants to the chopper increases the time spent on the feed preparation process, and also requires additional structural elements, which increases the energy consumption for the feed preparation process.

Separating and packing the ears also requires energy and complicates the harvesting process.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of harvesting corn for silage, including a cut of long-stemmed plants, taking into account the speed of the unit, grinding, collection, unloading and transportation to the place of laying, (Patent for invention RU No. 2496299, class A01D 91/04 , A01D 45/02, A01D 89/00, 2013 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known method, taken as a prototype, are the expenditure of energy and time for the formation of rolls and the selection of rolls.

These disadvantages are due to the following. Cutting plants and forming swaths is an additional operation and requires a lot of time and energy, and also requires special tools such as a pick-up.

After picking up, the cut plant mass is shredded, which leads to additional costs and requires at least one more trip to the field.

It is worth noting that these disadvantages are also true for other technical solutions operating on the principle: shearing, roll formation, roll selection, crushing (possibly regrinding), unloading. Machines that implement this principle of forage harvesting may include, for example, rotary mowers-shredders (mowers-shredders).

The technical result is to improve the quality of harvested feed and reduce the time spent on technological operations for cutting and crushing plants.

The technical result is achieved in that in the method of harvesting feed from long-stemmed plants, including the cut of long-stemmed plants, taking into account the speed of movement of the unit, crushing, collection, unloading and transportation to the place of laying, according to the invention, the cut and crushing along the entire length of the plant is carried out simultaneously by means of vertical rollers with cutting elements in the form of disks with protrusions, while in order to comply with the requirements for the preparation of feed, the rotation frequency of the rollers is set depending on the height and number of protrusions on the disk, as well as on the forward speed of the unit and is calculated by the formula:

where n is the frequency of rotation of the rollers, rpm;

ν - speed of movement of the unit, m / s;

h is the height of the protrusion, m;

z - number of protrusions, pcs.

The novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that due to:

- collecting the crushed plant mass for its further transportation to the place of laying, eliminating the costs of further operations associated with the selection of crushed or mowed plant mass from the swath (for devices that do not collect);

- reducing the cost of transporting cut plants to the grinding device, due to the implementation of grinding directly at the time of cutting the plants (for devices without simultaneous cutting and grinding);

- compliance with the requirements for the preparation of feed, such as the grinding module, separation of plant stems along the fibers, the speed of the unit.

According to the scientific, technical and patent literature, a set of features was not found that allows solving a problem that previously could not be solved in the known methods of feed preparation. In the prior art, there are no solutions that have features that coincide with the distinctive features of the proposed method, which indicates the compliance of the method with the criterion of patentability "inventive step".

Industrial applicability is due to the fact that the method is technically feasible and efficient, and it can be used for the preparation of feed.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the device with which the method is implemented, side view; in fig. 2 shows a view A of the device with the help of which the method is implemented, in a stepped section, in perspective.

For the sake of clarity, only those details are shown in the drawings that are necessary to understand the essence of the invention, and related elements well known to those skilled in the art are omitted.

The method of preparing feed from long-stemmed plants is carried out using a device containing a frame 1 with a lower beam 2, an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4 and partitions 5. In the lower beam 2 and upper beam 3, rollers 6 are installed, consisting of a shaft 7, discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 (Fig. 1).

Discs 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 are made of equal height and are installed on the shaft 7. Discs 8 on each roller 6 are installed through intermediate rings 10 so that the discs 8 of the adjacent roller 6 enter the gap between the discs 8 of the other roller 6. Additional intermediate rings 10 are installed in pairs on each of the rollers 6 involved in grinding.

The device is also equipped with a screen 11 for reflecting the chopped plant mass down to the loader 12 (the loader can be made with a structure, for example, as a grain thrower https://aktivpromplus.ru/produkciya/zernometateli) installed behind the screen 11 and having an unloading arm 13. The device is installed on vehicle 14 using the linkage mechanism 15.

The working surface of a pair of rollers 6 is represented by additional intermediate rings 10, which have pins 16 for gripping plants, intermediate rings 9 and discs 8 having protrusions 17 (Patent for utility model RU No. 144351, class В02С 4/02, 2014).

Rolls 6 are driven by hydraulic motors 18 (Fig. 2).

The method of harvesting long-stemmed feed is as follows.

According to the Initial requirements for the basic machine technological operation "Mowing of silage crops with crushing and loading into vehicles" / Initial requirements for basic machine technological operations in crop production / Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal Agency for Agriculture, Federal State Scientific Institution "Rosinformagrotech", Moscow - 2005 year, the forward speed of the unit should not exceed 12 km / h, the crushing module is 20-30 mm, the separation of the stem along the fibers (contributes to better silage of the forage).

Preliminarily, the rotation frequency of the rollers is adjusted depending on the height and number of protrusions on the disk, as well as on the forward speed of the unit, while the forward speed of the unit is selected in the range from 5 km / h to 12 km / h. The calculation of the rotational speed of the rollers is made according to the formula:

where n is the frequency of rotation of the rollers, rpm;

ν - speed of movement of the unit, m / s;

h is the height of the protrusion, m;

z - number of protrusions, pcs.

Then the vehicle 14 with the device drives into the field, where the rollers 6 are driven into rotation by the hydraulic motors 18 with the previously calculated frequency (Fig. 1). The vehicle 14 with the device begins to move and the rollers 6 with pins 16 grab the plants that are near the surface, standing vertically or with an inclination, and press them against the surface of the discs 8. The protrusions 17 of the discs 8 penetrate into the surface of the plant stem and begin to grind it along its entire length, pinching off its parts and tightening into the gaps between the discs 8 (Fig. 2). Thus, there is a simultaneous cutting and grinding of plants.

The crushed plant mass due to the rotation of the rollers 6 is fed to the screen 11, which reflects it down to the loader 12. The loader 12 through the unloading arm 13 feeds the crushed plant mass, for example, into a trolley running in parallel (not shown in the figures). After that, the crushed plant mass is transported to the place of harvesting juicy forage / silage without additional crushing.

Let's calculate the speed of rotation of the rollers according to the formula (1), taking the forward speed of the unit 10 km / h or 2.7 m / s, the height of the protrusion 20 mm or 0.02 m, the number of protrusions 6 pcs.

With similar parameters of the protrusions, the rotational speed is in the range from a minimum 695 rpm to a maximum 1665 rpm, which corresponds to the speed of the unit from 5 km / h to 12 km / h.

The use of the invention will allow to ensure the preparation of feed with simultaneous cutting, crushing and collection of plant mass, as well as to improve the quality of the preparation of feed.

Claims (6)

A method of preparing feed from long-stemmed plants, including cutting long-stemmed plants, taking into account the speed of the unit, grinding, collecting, unloading and transporting to the place of laying, characterized in that the cutting and grinding along the entire length of the plant is carried out simultaneously by means of vertical rollers with cutting elements in the form of disks with protrusions, while in order to comply with the requirements for the preparation of feed, the rotational speed of the rollers is set depending on the height and number of protrusions on the disk, as well as on the forward speed of the unit and is calculated by the formula:

where n is the frequency of rotation of the rollers, rpm; ν - speed of movement of the unit, m / s; h is the height of the protrusion, m; z - number of protrusions, pcs.

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