CN102487659A - Self-propelled cotton stalk pulling and chopping harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-propelled cotton stalk pulling and chopping harvester, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The harvester comprises a cutting table, a chopping component and a collecting box which are arranged in a travelling machine, wherein the cutting table is arranged at the front end of the travelling machine and connected with the chopping component through a conveying bridge, and the chopping component is connected with the collecting box through a conveying component; a rotatable horizontal stalk pulling roller driven by a transmission device is arranged on the lower part of the front end of the cutting table, the stalk pulling roller consists of a stalk pulling shaft with a rectangular section and adjacent vertical stalk pulling racks respectively extended from each side of the rectangle, and each stalk pulling rack is provided with V-shaped stalk pulling teeth distributed at intervals; and relatively rotating vertical reels driven by the transmission device are respectively arranged on a cutting table bottom plate on two sides of the rear part of the stalk pulling roller, reel slats are distributed on the external circle of each reel at intervals, and a baffle plate gradually collected from the position close to each reel to the conveying bridge is arranged above each of the two reels. The harvester has the advantages that stubbles are not left and the harvesting procedures are simple.

Description

Self-propelled cotton stalk shredding harvester

technical field

The invention relates to a straw harvesting machine, in particular to a self-propelled cotton stalk pulling and chopping harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background technique

At present, domestic cotton stalk mechanized harvesting methods can be mainly divided into two types: stalk pulling harvest and cutting harvest. Stalk harvesting is based on the patented technology with the application number 200720033978.3 and the name "A Cotton Stalk Harvester" as a typical structure. First, the cotton stalks are pulled out from the soil by the stalk puller and stacked together, and then picked up manually or mechanically. Collect, and finally carry out centralized crushing for use as biomass fuel or industrial raw material. Because this harvesting method has many processes, the cost is higher. The cutting and harvesting method is represented by the 200810057215.1 Chinese patent titled "Self-Propelled Cotton Stalk Combine Harvester". It is similar to wheat harvesting. The cotton stalk is cut from the root with a cutter, and then sent to the shredder for crushing. Due to the high wood fiber content of cotton stalks, the stalks are thick and strong, which consumes a lot of power when cutting, and the cutting knife is severely worn. Moreover, the stubble of cotton stalks is left in the soil and is not easy to rot, which brings difficulties to the growth of the next crop.

Cotton stalk, as a high-quality biomass fuel, is getting more and more attention in today's energy shortage, and cotton stalk is also a high-quality industrial raw material, which can be used for papermaking and pressing board. Mechanized harvesting of cotton stalks to reduce costs has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose a self-propelled cotton stalk plucking and chopping harvester that does not leave stubble and has a simple and convenient harvesting process in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, so as to provide more efficient cotton stalk harvesting. Applicable machinery.

In order to achieve the above object: the self-propelled cotton stalk plucking and chopping harvester of the present invention includes a header, a chopping part and a collection box arranged on the walking machine. The bridge is connected with the chopping part, and the chopping part is connected with the collecting box through the conveying part; the lower part of the front end of the header is equipped with a rotatable horizontal stalk pulling roller driven by a transmission device, and the stalk pulling roller is composed of a rectangular cross-section The stalk pulling shaft is composed of adjacent vertical stalk pulling racks respectively extending from each surface of the rectangle. The stalk pulling racks have V-shaped stalk pulling teeth distributed at intervals; the cuts on both sides of the rear of the stalk pulling roller Relatively rotating vertical reels driven by transmission devices are respectively placed on the bottom plate of the table. Reels are distributed on the outer circle of the reels at intervals. Conveying the baffle across the bridge.

When the walking machine moves forward, the stalk-pulling teeth fork into the cotton stalk, and under the rotation of the stalk-pulling roller, the cotton stalk is continuously pulled up from the bottom, and at the same time, under the joint action of the reel, it is shifted to the direction of conveying across the bridge , and gradually gather under the constraints of the baffle. Afterwards, it is transported to the shredding part through the conveying bridge, and the shredded cotton stalks are transported to the collection box through the conveying part, so as to complete the mechanized operation of pulling out the stalks, chopping and harvesting the cotton stalks.

In the present invention, the stalk pulling racks fixed on the rectangular section perpendicular to each other are not only simple in structure and easy to install, but also when the stalk pulling racks in the horizontal position fork into the cotton stalks, the vertical position of the stalk pulling racks can push against the cotton stalks to keep them in place. The upright function makes it easier to be pulled up, and it is beneficial to be pushed by the vertical reel after being pulled up. The baffle set on the header makes the cotton stalks gather in the middle, preventing the cotton stalks from being brought into the dead corner of the header by the reel, which has the advantages of no stubble and simple harvesting process.

A further perfection of the present invention is that the valley of the V-shaped stalk-pulling tooth has a cutting edge formed by an inclined lower surface. In this way, when the fork enters the cotton stalk, the cutting edge can cut into the stalk bark, thereby ensuring that the cotton stalk can be pulled up when rotating.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the whole machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the header and the conveying bridge in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an enlarged structure of the stalk pulling roller in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4 .

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an enlarged structure of the conveying bridge part in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6 .

Fig. 8 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the shredding part in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 9 is a side view of FIG. 8 .

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the conveying part in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 11 is a side view of FIG. 10 .

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional enlarged structural schematic diagram of the stalk pulling rack in Fig. 4 .

In the figure: 1-header 2-conveying bridge 3-cab 4-shredding parts 5-transporting parts 6-chassis 7-engine 8-collecting box 9-pulling stalk roller 10-vertical reel 11-block Plate 12 Header bottom plate 13-First conveying roller pair 14-Second conveying roller pair 15-Stalk pulling rack 16-Stalk pulling shaft 17-First lower conveying roller 18-First upper conveying roller 19-Second lower conveying Roller 20-the second upper conveying roller 21-bridge housing 22-moving knife 23-fixed knife 24-screw auger 25-scraper conveying device.

Detailed ways

The basic structure of the self-propelled cotton stalk plucking and chopping harvester of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The collection box 8. The header 1 arranged at the front end of the traveling machine is connected to the shredding unit 4 through the conveying bridge 2 , and the shredding unit 4 is connected to the collection box 8 through the conveying unit 5 .

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5, the lower part of the front end of the header 1 is equipped with a rotatable horizontal stalk pulling roller 9 driven by a transmission device. The adjacent vertical stalk plucking racks 15 are formed. The stalk plucking racks 15 have V-shaped stalk plucking teeth distributed at intervals, and the tooth valleys of the V-shaped stalk plucking teeth have a cutting edge formed by an inclined lower surface (see Figure 12 ). Relatively rotating vertical reels 10 driven by transmissions are arranged respectively on the header bottom plates 12 on both sides of the rear portion of the stalk pulling roller 9 . The outer circles of the reels 10 are distributed with reels at intervals, and the tops of the two reels 10 are respectively equipped with baffles 11 that gradually gather from the adjacent stalk pulling rollers 9 to the transport bridge 2 . The header base plate 12 is in an inclined state with the front low and the rear high. When working, the cotton stalks are clamped between the V-shaped incisions due to the progress of the harvester and the rotation of the stalk roller, especially the cutting edge can cut into the stalk bark, thereby generating enough friction to pull it up and send it backwards . After the cotton stalks are pulled up by the stalk pulling roller, they are moved backward by the vertical reel, and the baffle makes the cotton stalks gather in the middle and enter the conveying bridge, and prevents the cotton stalks from being brought into the dead corner of the header by the reel. The inclined state of the bottom plate of the header makes it easier for the cotton stalks to enter the counter-roller mechanism, and also makes the soil brought out by the stalks easy to fall under the action of gravity.

The conveying bridge shown in Fig. 6 is made up of two groups of counter-rollers respectively installed in the front and rear of the bridge housing 21, the first group of counter-rollers consists of the first upper and lower conveying rollers 18, 17, the second group of counter-rollers The mechanism is composed of the second upper and lower conveying rollers 20,19. When the cotton stalks are transported across the bridge from the header, two sets of counter-roller mechanisms will crush them, and then transport them to the shredding unit. The first upper conveying roller 18 and the bridge housing 21 form a lifting and moving pair, and a spring that tends to compress the first lower conveying roller 17 is installed above it, so that the cotton stalks can be effectively rolled to avoid jamming.

The shredding parts shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are composed of a set of movable knives 22 arranged on the rotating shaft and a fixed knife 23 fixed on the periphery of the rotating shaft and forming an incision with the moving knives. The cutting edges of the movable knife 22 and the fixed knife 23 form a spatial inclination angle with the axis of the rotating shaft, and the inclination angles of the cutting edges of the moving knife and the fixed knife are symmetrical to the axis of the rotating shaft, so they form a guillotine cutting edge with the fixed knife 23 during the rotation process. The mouth produces a shearing effect during the chopping process, reducing power consumption, and the blade is easy to process.

The conveying parts shown in Fig. 9, Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 are installed below the rear of the chopping part, and are composed of a horizontal auger 24 and a scraper conveying device 25 installed at the output end of the auger, and the output end of the scraper conveying device 25 Connect with collection box 8. After the cotton stalk is chopped, due to its own gravity and inertia, it is thrown to the rear and lower part of the chopping part, and the screw auger 24 transports it to one side, and then scrapes it to the collection box 8 by the scraper conveying device 25 middle.

Practice has proved that the self-propelled cotton stalk pulling and chopping harvester of this embodiment has the following advantages:

1. The full-tooth stalk pulling roller can harvest the cotton stalks in different rows within the width of the header, and complete the processes of cotton stalk removal, transportation, chopping, and box collection at one time, which reduces harvesting costs and can adapt to planting systems in different regions .

2. Adopt the cotton stalk removal harvesting method to avoid leaving stubble and bring convenience to the next crop planting.

3. The vertical reel structure is adopted, which is more in line with the growth characteristics of cotton stalks.

4. Two sets of counter-roller mechanisms are used to convey the bridge, which not only plays the role of conveying, but also crushes the cotton stalks before chopping, which reduces the power required for chopping, effectively protects the chopping parts, reduces machine failures, and prolongs the life of the machine. The service life of the blade is improved, especially the feeding roller on the first set of roller mechanism is floating, which can automatically adjust the opening width according to the feeding amount, and protect the transmission chain when the load suddenly increases.

5. The moving knife and/or fixed knife are installed obliquely to the axial direction, and the angle between the cutting edge of the moving knife and the fixed knife is symmetrical to the axis, which can ensure the same gap between the moving knife and the fixed knife, which is beneficial to reduce the vibration of the machine. The shearing effect is generated during the crushing process, which can reduce power consumption.

6. The combination of screw conveying and scraper conveying is adopted to reduce dust pollution and greatly improve the driver's working environment.

Claims (7)

1. a self-propelled cotton stalk pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine; Comprise the ceding of Taiwan, chopping parts and the Material collecting box for harvesting that are placed on the walking machine; The said ceding of Taiwan is placed in the walking machine front end, is connected with the chopping parts through carrying to pass a bridge, and said chopping parts are connected with Material collecting box for harvesting through transfer unit; It is characterized in that: said ceding of Taiwan front end bottom is equipped with the rotatable level that transmission device drives and is pulled out the stalk roller; The said stalk roller that pulls out is pulling out the stalk axle and forming from the extended respectively adjacent vertical stalk tooth bar that pulls out of each face of rectangle of rectangle by the cross section, and said pulling out has V font spaced apart and pull out the stalk tooth on the stalk tooth bar; The said vertical straw shift wheel of relative rotation of settling transmission device to drive respectively on the ceding of Taiwan base plate of both sides, stalk roller rear portion that pulls out; The cylindrical of said straw shift wheel is intervally distributed with dials the standing grain sheet, and said two straw shift wheels top is equipped with respectively by the contiguous stalk roller place of pulling out and is gathered the baffle plate of passing a bridge to carrying gradually.

2. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 1 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine, it is characterized in that: the tooth paddy place that said V font pulls out the stalk tooth has the cutting edge that lower surface is formed slopely.

3. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 1 and 2 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine, and it is characterized in that: said ceding of Taiwan base plate is low early and high after heeling condition.

4. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 3 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine, it is characterized in that: said conveying is passed a bridge and is made up of two groups of pair roller mechanisms that are installed in gap bridge housing front and back respectively.

5. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 4 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine, and it is characterized in that: it is secondary that the upper roller of said first group of pair roller mechanism and said gap bridge housing constitute lifting moving, and the spring that makes its trend compress corresponding lower roller is equipped with in its top.

6. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 5 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine; It is characterized in that: said chopping parts are peripheral and constitute with stationary knife that moving knife forms otch by being placed in one group of moving knife on the rotating shaft and being fixed on rotating shaft; The cutting edge of said moving knife and stationary knife all constitutes the inclination angle, space with the axis of said rotating shaft, and the axis of the angle of inclination of moving knife and stationary knife cutting edge and rotating shaft is symmetrical.

7. self-propelled cotton stalk according to claim 6 pulls out stalk chopping reaping machine; It is characterized in that: said transfer unit is installed in the chopping parts back lower place; Be made up of flat spin auger and the scraping plate conveying device that is installed in the screw auger output, the output of said scraping plate conveying device is connected with Material collecting box for harvesting.

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