RU2765265C1 - Forage harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting, grinding long-stemmed forage crops and forage harvesting. The machine contains a frame 1 with a lower beam 2 and an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4, fasteners 39 of the hitching mechanism 40 on the vehicle 41 and a screen 35. In front of the screen 35 there are rollers 6 with disks 8 having protrusions 15 with curved sections 16 and rectilinear sections 17, separated by intermediate rings 9. Additional intermediate rings 10 are arranged in pairs on adjacent rollers 6, are made with equal height between each other and are provided with pins 27. The screen 35 is mounted at an angle to the rollers 6, providing a reflection of the crushed plant mass downwards, and is equipped with an unloading hole 36 with a loader 37 installed between the screen 35 and the vehicle 41. On the frame 1, there are cleaners 34 rolls 6, made in the form of vertical plates mounted at an angle to the intermediate rings 9 to ensure the output of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rolls 6. Additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and have a height equal to the height of the disks 8 and the intermediate rings 9. The disks 8 are composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disk 8 and are equipped with replaceable rims 21, copying their shape. The sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the rectilinear sections 17 of the protrusions 15 of the disk 8 have peak-shaped blades 23 mounted parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller 6.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase efficiency of the forage harvesting machine.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for cutting, grinding long-stemmed fodder crops and forage harvesting.

Known harvester combine harvester for harvesting amaranth, containing a housing, cutting devices, in the form of vertical drive shafts with disks and blades, a transport device, a chopper of stalks, removable spacers (Utility model patent RU No. 147550, class A01D 45/30, 2014 ).

The disadvantage of the known harvester is the lack of efficiency when harvesting feed directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The well-known header is designed for harvesting the grain part of the plant, and the chopping of the leafy mass is an accompanying process that ensures the separation of the panicles of the plant from the stem, and simplifies the process of harvesting the non-grain part of the plant. The use of the cutterbar of a well-known harvester for harvesting fodder directly in the field will lead to a violation of the quality of the harvested fodder due to non-compliance with the requirements for a chopping module of 20-30 mm.

Known rotary crusher minerals (Rotating mineral breaker), containing parallel drums with ledges (US No. 7644882 B2).

The disadvantage of the known mineral crusher is its inoperability during forage harvesting directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary chopper, and its use for grinding long-stalk feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible. In addition, the working surface of the device is represented not only by one pair of drums, but by their chain, since the crushed material passes from the first drum to the last one, it is impossible to consider a pair of drums separately.

A feed chopper is known, comprising a frame, augers arranged parallel to each other, the augers are made of discs, the edges of the discs are made with protrusions (Utility model patent RU No. 172239, class A01F 29/00, 2017).

The disadvantage of the known grinder is its inoperability during the operation of harvesting fodder directly in the field.

This disadvantage is due to the following. The known device is a stationary chopper and its use for grinding long-stalk feed directly in the field without making structural changes is not possible.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a shredder containing a frame, including the lower and upper beams, fastening the hinge mechanism to the vehicle and the screen, rollers having discs with protrusions that have curved and straight sections separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers with pins (Patent for utility model RU No. 144351, class B02C 4/02, 2014 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known shredder, adopted as a prototype, are high weight, wear of the disks, insufficient unreliability of the design of additional intermediate rings with pins, insufficient tightening capacity, inability of the device to collect chopped plant mass for the purpose of harvesting fodder, and the absence of elements for cleaning the rollers.

These shortcomings are due to the following.

The screen of the known device is installed vertically, which, if the plant mass sticks, can make it difficult to move it to the bottom of the screen.

The known device is adapted for utilization of the crushed plant mass by mixing with the top layer of soil and does not have the ability to collect or transport the crushed plant mass.

Chopped crop mass can stick to the rollers and impede the passage of crop mass that has not yet been crushed.

Additional intermediate rings of the known device are rigidly fixed on the roller shaft, despite the fact that the stalk is not crushed to the entire thickness of the stalk in one pass of the protrusion, the pins are not able to release the stalk and try to push it further. Such an impact can lead to breakage of the pins or jamming of the unit.

The disks of the known shredder are made of solid metal, which significantly increases the weight of the rollers and the energy costs for unwinding the rollers and moving the device across the field.

The lugs of the discs are subject to wear, as they are in the most severe operating conditions in relation to other parts of the disc. Wear on the disc ridge requires replacement of the entire disc regardless of the condition of other ridges on the disc and parts of the disc.

The rectilinear part of the protrusion of the disk is made smooth, which reduces the tightening ability.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the forage harvesting machine, reduce the consumption of materials, increase the resource and increase the reliability of parts, collect chopped plant mass for fodder.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the forage harvesting machine, containing a frame with a lower and upper beams, sidewalls, fastenings of the hinge mechanism on the vehicle and a screen in front of which rollers with disks are installed having protrusions with curved and straight sections, separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers, made with equal height between themselves and equipped with pins, according to the invention, the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, providing a reflection of the crushed plant mass down, and is equipped with an unloading opening with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle, while on the frame there are roller cleaners made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the withdrawal of chopped plant mass from the roller zone, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and a height , equal to the height of the discs and intermediate rings, wherein the discs are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc and are provided with replaceable rims that copy their shape, and the sections of the replaceable rim corresponding to the rectilinear sections of the disk protrusions have peaked blades mounted parallel to the roller rotation axis.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is due to the fact that due to the new set of features, namely:

- installation of roller cleaners in the form of vertical plates at an angle to the intermediate rings, ensuring the removal of adhering crushed plant mass from the roller zone and directing it to the gathering, to the lower part of the chopper;

- execution of the intermediate ring as a ratchet overrunning clutch, allowing the pins to rotate relative to the drum shaft under a certain load, so that the stem captured by the pins remains constantly pressed against the working surface until it is crushed without undue effort;

- making the disks composite with the formation of a cavity inside, which allows to reduce the weight of the roller, the energy costs for unwinding the roller and moving the chopper across the field;

- setting the screen at an angle that reflects the crushed plant mass down, promotes the descent of the crushed mass and prevents excessive sticking to the screen;

- supplying the screen with an unloading opening with a loader that allows you to collect and unload the crushed mass;

- installation of a replaceable rim that copies the shape of the disk to prevent wear of the protrusions on the disk itself;

- making sections of a replaceable rim corresponding to straight sections of the protrusions of the disk, with peaked blades, which make it possible to increase the tightening ability of the chopper due to the penetration of the blades into the upper layer of the plant stem and to divide the plant stem along the fibers to improve ensiling, the technical result is achieved, which consists in increasing the efficiency of work chopper, reducing material consumption, increasing the resource and improving the reliability of parts, collecting chopped plant mass for fodder.

An analysis of the properties of a new set of features, the claimed technical solution in comparison with the prototype and analogues showed that it is unknown from the prior art and provides new properties that are not inherent in each feature separately, which corresponds to the inventive step.

Industrial applicability is due to the fact that the forage machine is efficient and it can be used for forage harvesting.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a forage machine, side view; in fig. 2 - shows the forage harvesting machine, in a stepped section, in axonometric view, according to type A in Fig. one; in fig. 3 - shows a composite disk with a replaceable rim, in a perspective view; in fig. 4 - a diagram of an additional intermediate ring is shown, in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch.

The forage preparation machine includes a frame 1 containing a lower beam 2, an upper beam 3, sidewalls 4 and partitions 5. Rolls 6 are installed in the lower beam 2 and the upper beam 3, consisting of a shaft 7, disks 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 (Fig. 1).

Disks 8, intermediate rings 9 and additional intermediate rings 10 are made of equal height and mounted on shaft 7. Disks 8 on each roller 6 are installed through intermediate rings 9 in such a way that disks 8 of adjacent roller 6 enter the gap between disks 8 of another roller 6. Additional intermediate rings 10 are installed in pairs on each of the rollers 6 involved in grinding.

The disks 8 are made composite of the base 11 with the outer side 12, the inner side 13 and the cover 14 with the formation of a cavity inside the disks 8. On the outer side 12 there are protrusions 15 with curved sections 16 and straight sections 17. The inner side 13 forms a landing hole 18 of the disk 8 on the shaft 7. The outer board 12 and the inner board 13 have grooves 19 for installing the cover 14. The cover 14 is installed in the grooves 19 and forms a sealed cavity inside the disk 8 (Fig. 3). The curved sections 16 of the protrusions 15 have threaded holes 20.

Disks 8 are provided with interchangeable rims 21 that copy their shape. Moreover, the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the curved sections 16 of the protrusions 15 of the disk 8 have through holes 22, and the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the rectilinear sections 17 of the protrusions 15 of the disk 8 have peaked blades 23 installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller 6. The replaceable rim 21 is installed on disk 8 and is fixed with bolts 24, through through holes 22, in threaded holes 20 on curved sections 16 of protrusions 15 of disk 8.

Additional intermediate rings 10 are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and consist of an outer race 25 and an inner race 26. Pins 27 are fixed outside the outer race 25, and toothed grooves 28 are made inside. The inner race 26 has a hole 29 for landing on the shaft 7, pressure plates 30 connected with the inner race 26 elastic element 31, working in compression, mounted on the axes 32 with the possibility of rotation. The shape of the end 33 of the pressure plate 30 copies the shape of the toothed groove 28 of the outer cage 25 (Fig. 4).

The rollers 6 are equipped with cleaners 34, in the form of vertical plates mounted on the sidewalls 4 and partitions 5 at an angle to the intermediate rings 9, which ensures the removal of the crushed plant mass from the zone of the rollers 6. The partitions 5 separate the pairs of rollers 6 involved in grinding.

Frame 1 is equipped with a screen 35 installed behind the rollers 6 at an angle that reflects the crushed plant mass down. The screen 35 in its lower part has an unloading opening 36 connected to a loader 37 installed behind the screen 35 with an unloading sleeve 38 (the loader can be designed, for example, as a grain thrower https://aktivpromplus.ru/produkciya/zemometateli). Frame 1 has fasteners 39 of the linkage mechanism 40 on the vehicle 41. On the upper beam 3 mounted hydraulic motors 42, bringing the rollers 6 into operation (Fig. 2).

The forage machine works as follows. Previously, the frame 1 of the machine with the help of the fasteners 39 on it is frontally hung on the vehicle 41 using the hinge mechanism 40 (Fig. 1). When entering the field, the hydraulic motors 42 bring the rollers 6 into operation. Since the discs 8 are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside the disc 8, this significantly reduces their weight, as a result, the energy consumption for spinning the rollers 6 is reduced, and the efficiency of the hydraulic motors 42 is increased. Pairs of rollers 6 rotate towards each other.

The vehicle 41 with the machine begins to move and the rollers 6 with pins 27 grab the plants that are near the surface, standing vertically or with an inclination, and press them against the surface of the disks 8. Pointed blades 23 on the replaceable rim 21 of the disk 8 penetrate into the surface of the plant stem, dividing it along fibers, and the sections of the replaceable rim 21 corresponding to the rectilinear sections 17 of the protrusions of the disk 8 begin to grind it along its entire length, pinching off its parts and tightening it into the gaps between the disks 8 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

At the moment of pressing the stem of the plant to the disks 8 by the pins 27, a force is generated on the additional intermediate ring 10, made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch. When the clamping force of the pin 27 reaches its maximum, the pressure plates 30 compress the elastic elements 31 and the pins 27 are turned off (the inner yoke 26 rotates relative to the outer yoke 25). When the clamping force is reduced, the elastic element 31 is expanded and the pins 27 are switched on (the end 33 of the pressure plate 30 is wedged in the next toothed groove 28, while the plant stem is crushed and does not prevent the pins 27 from turning to capture and press the next stem) (Fig. . 4).

The crushed plant mass, due to the rotation of the rollers 6, is fed to the screen 35, which reflects it down to the unloading opening 36. Cleaners 34 in the form of vertical plates clean the crushed mass from the intermediate rings 9 and remove it from the zone of the rollers 6 (Fig. 2). The crushed plant mass through the unloading opening 36 enters the loader 37. The loader 37 through the unloading sleeve 38 feeds the crushed plant mass, for example, into a parallel cart (not shown in the figures). After that, the chopped plant mass is transported to the place of harvesting of succulent fodder/silage without additional grinding.

During maintenance of the machine, as it wears out, replaceable rims 21 are replaced, which prevent wear of the protrusions 15 on the disks 8 themselves.

The application of the invention will increase the pulling capacity of the forage harvesting machine, reduce the consumption of materials, increase the resource and improve the reliability of the parts, clean the rollers and collect the crushed plant mass for forage harvesting.

Claims (1)

SUBSTANCE: forage harvesting machine, containing a frame with lower and upper beams, sidewalls, fastenings of the hitch mechanism on the vehicle and a screen, in front of which rollers with disks are installed, having protrusions with curved and straight sections, separated by intermediate rings, additional intermediate rings located in pairs on adjacent rollers made with equal height between themselves and equipped with pins, characterized in that the screen is installed at an angle to the rollers, providing a reflection of the chopped plant mass down, and is equipped with an unloading opening with a loader installed between the screen and the vehicle, while the roller cleaners are located on the frame , made in the form of vertical plates installed at an angle to the intermediate rings to ensure the withdrawal of chopped plant mass from the area of the rollers, and additional intermediate rings are made in the form of a ratchet overrunning clutch and have a height equal to the height of the disks and intermediate rings, moreover, the disks are made composite with the formation of a cavity inside them and are provided with replaceable rims that copy their shape, and the sections of the replaceable rim corresponding to the rectilinear sections of the disk protrusions have peaked blades installed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller.

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