CN108617273B

CN108617273B - Rape threshing and chopping integrated machine

Info

Publication number: CN108617273B
Application number: CN201710181478.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨文敏
Original assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Hunan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-03-18
Filing date: 2017-03-18
Publication date: 2021-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-18
Also published as: CN108617273A

Abstract

The invention discloses a rape threshing and chopping integrated machine which comprises a threshing cylinder, a straw chopping mechanism and a plurality of groups of compression rollers, wherein the threshing cylinder, the straw chopping mechanism and the plurality of groups of compression rollers are arranged on a rack; the channel between the threshing cylinder and the press roller is connected through a sieve plate only used for sieving rapeseeds, the head end of the sieve plate is a feed inlet for feeding rapeseeds, and a hopper provided with a rapeseeds outlet is arranged below the sieve plate; the straw chopping mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the sieve plate and comprises a fixed knife fixed at the tail end of the sieve plate and a movable knife which performs cutting motion relative to the fixed knife, at least one group of compression rollers are arranged in front of the straw chopping mechanism, and the straw chopping mechanism is connected with a discharge hole after straw chopping. The invention does not need to be matched with a rape combine harvester for harvesting, can ensure the threshing effect of rape, is convenient to process the threshed rape straws, and has good application prospect for harvesting the scattered-planted rape.

Description

Rape threshing and chopping integrated machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to rapeseed threshing machinery, and particularly relates to a rape threshing and chopping integrated machine.

Background

Due to the special agricultural requirements of rape, most rape harvesters on the market currently adopt a combined harvesting mode, but due to the particularity of rape pods, if the harvesting time in the field is early, the problems of high threshing difficulty, under-mature seeds, unclean threshing and low production benefit exist; the harvesting time is late, the rapeseeds in the rape pod are dropped once the rape pod is ripe, the combined harvesting threshing loss is large, and the production benefit is easily influenced.

In addition, a rapeseed harvesting mode is provided, the rape straws are harvested and then are intensively aired, rape pods are aired to be mature and then are threshed by a thresher, the loss of rapeseed threshing is small, but the threshed rape straws are dry and hard and scattered and are difficult to treat, so that the treatment problem of the rape straws is caused.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of threshing after the existing rape is harvested and aired, the rape threshing and cutting integrated machine is provided.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a rape threshing and chopping integrated machine comprises a threshing cylinder arranged on a rack, a straw chopping mechanism and a plurality of groups of compression rollers; the channel between the threshing cylinder and the press roller is connected through a sieve plate only used for sieving rapeseeds, the head end of the sieve plate is a feed inlet for feeding rapeseeds, and a hopper provided with a rapeseeds outlet is arranged below the sieve plate; the straw chopping mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the sieve plate and comprises a fixed knife fixed at the tail end of the sieve plate and a movable knife which performs cutting motion relative to the fixed knife, at least one group of compression rollers are arranged in front of the straw chopping mechanism, and the straw chopping mechanism is connected with a discharge hole after straw chopping.

Furthermore, a plurality of groups of the movable cutters are fixed on the outer circumference of the cutting drum which is arranged in parallel with the fixed cutter, and the movable cutters do cutting motion with the fixed cutter along with the rotation of the cutting drum.

Preferably, the movable blade is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the cutting drum.

Furthermore, the rape threshing and chopping integrated machine further comprises a group of compression rollers arranged in front of the threshing cylinder, and convex teeth for scattering rape pods are arranged on the surfaces of the compression rollers.

In the invention, each group of compression rollers are parallel compression rollers arranged in a pair of rollers, and the channel clearance between the compression rollers in front of the threshing cylinder is larger than the channel clearance between the compression rollers in front of the straw chopping mechanism.

Furthermore, the threshing cylinders are arranged in parallel up and down, rake teeth are arranged on the outer surfaces of the threshing cylinders, and the sieve plate penetrates through a channel between the two threshing cylinders.

The rape threshing and chopping integrated machine also comprises a motor for driving the threshing cylinder, the cutting cylinder and the compression roller; the output shaft of the motor is connected with the cutting roller, the threshing roller and the compression roller in series in sequence through a multi-stage transmission mechanism in a transmission way.

Furthermore, the group of compression rollers positioned in front of the straw chopping mechanism are meshed and connected through a synchronous gear, and are respectively in transmission connection with the two threshing cylinders through a transmission mechanism.

Preferably, the transmission mechanism is at least one of a gear transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism.

A machine cover is arranged on the machine frame in the rape threshing and chopping integrated machine, and a threshing cylinder, a straw chopping mechanism and a plurality of groups of compression roller covers are arranged in a semi-closed cavity.

The invention can uniformly thresh and cut the straws after the rape is harvested and aired, the rape pods are broken up and crushed by the compression roller and the threshing cylinder which are arranged by the pair rollers, and the rape materials are pressurized and conveyed, in the conveying process, the rapeseeds separated from the rape pods are screened out and collected from the sieve plate, the straws after the rapeseeds are screened are directly cut by the straw cutting mechanism, and the straws are compressed and fixed by the other group of compression roller in the cutting process, so that the direct cutting is convenient.

Therefore, the rape threshing device can harvest rape without being matched with a rape combine harvester, can ensure the threshing effect of the aired rape, is convenient to process the threshed rape straws, and has good application prospect in harvesting the scattered-planted rape.

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view (with the transmission mechanism removed) of the internal structure of a rape threshing and shredding all-in-one machine in the embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a rear view (with the transmission mechanism removed) of the internal structure of the integrated threshing and cutting machine for rape in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a top view of the integrated threshing and shredding machine for rape in the embodiment, which mainly shows the arrangement of the motor and the transmission mechanism.

Reference numbers in the figures:

11-frame, 12-hood, 13-feed inlet, 14-discharge outlet, 15-sieve plate, 16-hopper and 17-rapeseed outlet.

21-front upper press roll, 22-front lower press roll,

31-an upper threshing cylinder, 32-a lower threshing cylinder,

41-back upper press roll, 42-back lower press roll, 43-synchronous gear,

51-fixed knife, 52-cutting roller, 53-moving knife, 6-motor,

61-first pulley, 62-second pulley, 63-third pulley, 64-fourth pulley, 65-fifth pulley, 66-sixth pulley, 67-seventh pulley.

Detailed Description

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the shown integrated machine for threshing and chopping rape is a preferred technical scheme of the invention, and specifically comprises a frame 11, a hood 12, a sieve plate 15, a hopper 16, a front upper compression roller 21, a front lower compression roller 22, an upper threshing cylinder 31, a lower threshing cylinder 32, a rear upper compression roller 41, a rear lower compression roller 42, a fixed knife 51, a cutting cylinder 52, a movable knife 53, a motor 6 and a plurality of transmission mechanisms. The screen plate 15 of the frame 11 is a screening component of rapeseeds and is respectively connected with a feed inlet 14 of rapeseeds and a straw cutting mechanism, a group of front compression rollers are arranged at the front end of the screen plate 15 and used for carrying out rolling conveying on the rapeseeds fed from the feed inlet 14 and crushing and scattering rape pods at the same time, a threshing roller is arranged in the middle section of the screen plate 15 and used for thoroughly scattering and threshing the fed rapeseeds, the separated rapeseeds are screened out to a hopper 16 below through the screen plate, the screened rapeseeds can be collected and packaged through a rapeseeds outlet 17 at the bottom of the hopper 16, a group of rear compression rollers are arranged at the tail end of the screen plate and used for compressing the threshed rape straws, meanwhile, the rapeseeds are conveyed to a rear straw cutting mechanism, the rape straws are directly cut up by a fixed knife and a movable knife of the straw cutting mechanism, and then the cut-up.

Specifically, the sieve plate 15 and the front press roller, the threshing cylinder and the rear press roller in the embodiment are all arranged on the frame 11, wherein the sieve plate 15 is equivalent to a conveying platform for the rapeseeds from threshing to chopping, the hood 12 is covered on the frame 11, the sieve plate 15 and the front press roller, the threshing cylinder, the rear press roller and the straw chopping mechanism are all arranged in a semi-closed cavity, the semi-closed cavity is only provided with a feeding port 13 and a discharging port 14 at the front and rear positions for feeding the rapeseeds and discharging the chopped straws, sieve holes on the sieve plate 15 are used for ensuring that only rapeseeds can pass through, excessive straw fragments are prevented from entering the rapeseeds through the sieve plate, and a rapeseed outlet 17 is also arranged at the bottom of the hopper 16 below the sieve plate 15 and used for collecting the rapeseeds after.

The main part for threshing the rape is a threshing cylinder, the threshing cylinder comprises an upper threshing cylinder 31 and a lower threshing cylinder 32 which are parallel to the upper part and the lower part of the sieve plate 15, a plurality of rake teeth are arranged on the outer surfaces of the upper threshing cylinder 31 and the lower threshing cylinder 32 and used for disturbing and threshing the rape materials passing through the two threshing cylinders, and meanwhile, the threshed rape straws are pushed to the rear straw chopping mechanism. In order to ensure that the rake teeth on the lower threshing cylinder 32 can also act on the rape materials on the sieve plate, the sieve plate 15 can be provided with a hollow area in the area between the two threshing cylinders, so that the rake teeth on the lower threshing cylinder 32 can rotate to the upper part of the sieve plate through the hollow area to disturb the rape materials while ensuring that the rape normally passes through.

The compression roller in this embodiment includes that preceding compression roller and back compression roller are two sets ofly, be parallel pair roller compression roller, wherein the preceding compression roller that threshing cylinder the place ahead set up includes preceding compression roller 21 and preceding lower compression roller 22, this group of preceding compression roller is located the rear of discharge gate, preceding compression roller 21 is the drive roll, certain clearance has between two sets of compression rollers, and be equipped with the fretwork region in the sieve 15 between preceding compression roller 21 and preceding lower compression roller 22, the rape material that sends into from feed inlet 13 gets into between preceding compression roller 21 and the preceding lower compression roller 22, by the compression roller extrusion back, backward threshing cylinder carries, deviate from the rape pod through the rape seed after the extrusion simultaneously. In order to improve the extrusion crushing effect of the rape materials, convex teeth can be arranged on the surface of the front compression roller. The front upper press roller 21 and the front lower press roller 22 continuously extrude and convey the entering rape to the threshing cylinder.

Rape straws threshed by the threshing cylinder are conveyed by the rear compression roller behind the threshing cylinder, the rear compression roller is positioned in front of the straw chopping mechanism and used for compressing the threshed rape straws and conveying the threshed rape straws to the straw chopping mechanism, the threshing cylinder comprises a rear upper compression roller 41 and a rear lower compression roller 42 which are respectively positioned above and below a sieve plate, the sieve plate 15 between the rear upper compression roller 41 and the rear lower compression roller 42 is also provided with a hollow area, the threshing cylinder is convenient to compress and convey the threshed rape straws by the two sets of rear compression rollers and convey the threshed rape straws to the straw chopping mechanism at the tail end of the sieve plate, and the straws are continuously chopped. The difference between the rear compression roller and the front compression roller is that the rear compression roller is used for compressing and fixing the straws, and therefore, the channel gap between the rear upper compression roller 41 and the rear lower compression roller 42 is smaller than that of the front compression roller, so that the rape straws can be compressed and fixed in the chopping process.

The rear upper press roll 41 is a driving roll, because the rear press roll compresses and fixes the straws, the rear upper press roll 41 and the rear lower press roll 42 are meshed and connected through two synchronous gears 43, the rear upper press roll 41 drives the rear lower press roll 42 to synchronously rotate in the opposite direction,

the straw chopping mechanism of the embodiment comprises a fixed knife 51 fixedly arranged at the tail end of the sieve plate 15 and a movable knife 53 which performs cutting motion relative to the fixed knife, the movable knife 53 is arranged on the outer circumference of a cutting roller 52, the cutting roller 52 is arranged in parallel with the fixed knife 51, the movable knife 53 is driven to perform circular motion by the cutting roller 52, and the cutting edge of the movable knife 53 and the cutting edge of the fixed knife 51 are continuously close to each other to chop the rape straw conveyed by the rear pressing roller. In practical application, more than two sets of movable blades 53 can be spirally arranged on the outer circumference of the cutting drum 52, so that the movable blades 53 and the fixed blades 51 form continuous shearing motion, and the straws can be cut more finely.

Referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment, the threshing of the rapeseeds and the cutting of the rape stalks are both driven by the power of the motor 6 fixed on the frame 11. The motor 6 is arranged close to the discharge port 14, a first belt wheel 61 is fixedly installed on an output shaft of the motor 6, the first belt wheel 61 is connected with a second belt wheel 62 fixedly installed on the cutting roller 52 through a belt, the second belt wheel 62 is a duplex belt wheel and then is connected with a third belt wheel 63 fixedly installed on the rear upper pressing roller 41 through a belt, the third belt wheel 63 is also a duplex belt wheel and is connected with a fourth belt wheel 64 fixedly installed on the upper threshing roller 31 through a belt, the fourth belt wheel 64 is also a duplex belt wheel and is connected with a fifth belt wheel 65 fixedly installed on the front upper pressing roller 21 through a belt. In addition, the rear upper press roller 41 and the rear lower press roller 42 are in meshing transmission through a synchronous gear, a sixth belt wheel 66 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the rear lower press roller 42, the sixth belt wheel 66 is in transmission with a seventh belt wheel 67 fixedly installed on the lower threshing cylinder 32 through a belt, the upper threshing cylinder and the lower threshing cylinder are subjected to reverse stirring threshing, and synchronous transmission for driving the cutting cylinder, the threshing cylinder and the two sets of press rollers through serial connection of the motor 6 is realized. The belt adopts V-shaped synchronous belts, and in practical application, the belt wheel and the belt can be replaced by a gear transmission system or a chain wheel transmission system, and various transmission modes can be mixed according to design requirements.

The working process of the embodiment is as follows: the motor 6 drives the cutting roller 52 to rotate through a belt, the cutting roller 52 drives the rear upper compression roller 41 to rotate through the belt, the rear upper compression roller 41 drives the upper threshing roller 31 to rotate through the belt, meanwhile, the rear upper compression roller 41 also drives the rear lower compression roller 42 to rotate through a synchronous gear at the other end, so that the rear compression rollers reversely rotate in pairs, the rear compression rollers compress and convey the threshed rape straws, the rear lower compression roller 42 drives the lower threshing roller 32 to rotate through the belt, and the lower threshing roller 32 reversely rotates with the upper threshing roller 31. The upper threshing cylinder 31 drives the front upper press roller 21 to rotate through a belt, so that the front press roller can guide and convey rape materials.

When the device works, the motor 6 is started, rape materials are fed from the feeding hole 13, the rape materials are extruded by the front press roller and conveyed between the upper material-removing roller and the lower material-removing roller to be threshed, rape seeds separated from rape pods fall into the hopper 16 below from the sieve pores of the sieve plate 15, and then fall into a rape packaging bag through the rapeseed outlet 17 at the bottom of the hopper 16. The threshed rape straws enter between the rear compression rollers, the rape straws are gradually conveyed to the backward cutting roller 52 after being compressed and extruded by the rear upper compression roller 41 and the rear lower compression roller 42, the rape straws are thrown out through the discharge port 14 after being chopped by the movable knife 53 on the cutting roller and the fixed knife 51 on the sieve plate, and the integral operation from rapeseed threshing to rape straw chopping is completed.

The foregoing embodiments illustrate the principles and features of the present invention and their advantages, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the specific principles of operation of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a rape is threshed and is cut up all-in-one which characterized in that: comprises a threshing cylinder arranged on a frame, a straw chopping mechanism and a plurality of groups of compression rollers;

the channels between the threshing cylinder and the press roller are connected through a sieve plate for sieving rapeseeds; the head end of the sieve plate is a feed inlet for feeding rape, and a hopper provided with a rape seed outlet is arranged below the sieve plate; the straw chopping mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the sieve plate and comprises a fixed knife fixed at the tail end of the sieve plate and a movable knife which performs cutting motion relative to the fixed knife, and at least one group of compression rollers are arranged in front of the straw chopping mechanism; the straw chopping mechanism is connected with a discharge hole after the straws are chopped; the multiple groups of movable cutters are fixed on the outer circumference of the cutting roller which is arranged in parallel to the fixed cutter; the movable cutter performs cutting motion with the fixed cutter along with the rotation of the cutting roller; the movable knife is spirally arranged on the outer wall of the cutting drum; the device comprises a group of compression rollers arranged in front of a threshing cylinder, convex teeth for scattering rape pods are arranged on the surfaces of the compression rollers, and each group of compression rollers are parallel compression rollers arranged in a pair of rollers; the channel clearance between the group of compression rollers in front of the threshing cylinder is larger than the channel clearance between the compression rollers in front of the straw chopping mechanism.

The two threshing cylinders are arranged in parallel up and down; rake teeth are arranged on the outer surface of the threshing cylinder; the sieve plate passes through a channel between the two threshing cylinders.

2. The integrated machine of claim 1, further comprising a motor for driving the threshing cylinder, the cutting cylinder and the pressing roller;

the output shaft of the motor is connected with the cutting roller, the threshing roller and the compression roller in series in sequence through a multi-stage transmission mechanism in a transmission way.

3. The integrated machine of claim 2, wherein the set of pressing rollers located in front of the straw cutting mechanism are meshed with each other through a synchronous gear, and the set of pressing rollers are respectively in transmission connection with the two threshing cylinders through a transmission mechanism.

4. The integrated rape threshing and shredding machine of claim 3, wherein the transmission mechanism is at least one of a gear transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism or a belt transmission mechanism.

5. The integrated machine for threshing and cutting rape as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frame is provided with a hood, and the threshing cylinder, the straw cutting mechanism and the groups of compression rollers are covered in a semi-closed cavity.