RU2295226C1 - Straw grinder for grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in grain combines.

SUBSTANCE: grinder has casing and shaft located within casing for rotation and equipped with cutting knives. Straw spreader with guiding plates and shear knives cooperating with cutting knives are fixed on casing. Guiding plates of straw spreader are formed straight or curved to the left relative to direction of advancement of combine. Cutting knives are made in the form of profiled plates, and working edges are reinforced at their one side. Working edge side free of reinforcement is worn faster than reinforced side to thereby create self-sharpening effect.

EFFECT: improved grinding quality due to self-sharpening effect and prolonged service life of straw grinder.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to grinding machines for combine harvesters.

Known straw chopper for combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft located inside, with fixed cutting knives mounted on it, interacting with the opposing knives mounted in the housing. (RF patent No. 2219699, A 01 F 12/40 of 09/19/2001, publ. Bull. No. 36 of 12/27/2003).

The disadvantage of this grinder is the short life of the knives, which after 2-3 sharpenings become wedge-shaped, which affects the quality of grinding. Such knives must be replaced, which reduces productivity when chopping and spreading straw.

Known straw chopper for combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft installed in it, and the shaft is mounted for rotation and with fixed cutting knives, interacting with the opposing knives mounted on the housing. In addition, a straw diffuser with guide plates mounted on it is fixed on the casing (RF patent No. 2129358, A 01 F 12/40 of 05/05/98, publ. 04/27/99 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this grinder is the short life of the knives, which after 2-3 sharpenings become wedge-shaped, which affects the quality of grinding.

Such knives must be replaced, which leads to a downtime of the combine.

In addition, the guide plates of the straw diffusers are bent in different directions, which leads to the spreading of the crushed straw along an uncleaned field, especially with a side wind blowing to the right of the direction of movement of the combine, and this will hinder the braid and threshing of bread.

The objective of the invention is to increase the service life of knives, improving the quality of chopping straw, eliminating combine downtime due to replacement of knives, eliminating the spreading of chopped straw along an uncleaned field, especially with a crosswind blowing to the right of the direction of movement of the combine.

The problem is solved by a straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with a shaft mounted in it, and the shaft is mounted for rotation and with cutting knives fixed to it, interacting with opposing knives fixed to the housing, in addition, a straw diffuser with mounted on it, the guide plates, according to the invention, the knives are made in the form of profiled plates, and the guide plates of the straw diffuser are made straight or curved to the left ie the direction of the combine.

The straw chopper of the combine harvester is made so that the working edges of the knives are hardened, for example, by spark spark alloying.

Analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allowed us to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal solutions whose features coincide with the distinctive features of the proposed solution, which meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of a general view of a straw chopper for a combine harvester, Fig. 2 is a drawing of a knife, and Fig. 3 is a knife edge working.

The straw chopper for a combine harvester consists of a housing (figure 1). A shaft 2 is mounted rotatably (for example, from a harvester variator) to a shaft 2. Cutting knives 3 are fixed to the shaft 2, which cooperate with the opposing knives 4 mounted on the housing 1. In addition, a straw diffuser 5 is mounted on the housing with it mounted guide plates 6. Cutting 3 and counter-cutting knives 4 are made in the form of profiled (made in the form of the letter C) plates (figure 2).

The guide plate 6 of the straw diffuser 5 is made straight or curved to the left of the direction of movement of the combine.

The working edges 7 of the knives 3 and 4 are hardened, for example, by electrospark alloying (Fig. 3) along one side of the edge. This is done in order to ensure the sharpness of the cutting edge. The hardened side (using electrospark alloying or hard-alloy electric-arc surfacing, or oxycarbonitration, etc.) creates a wear-resistant surface (0.2-0.25 mm thick), while the unhardened side of the working edge 7 wears out faster, creating the effect of self-sharpening. The service life of knives increases many times. In addition, when one side of the knife is worn, it is installed on the other side (edge 7), which significantly increases the service life and the quality of grinding.

A straw chopper for a combine harvester operates as follows.

The chopper body 1 is mounted in place of the stacker to the combine (not shown in the drawing). The shaft 2 of the grinder using, for example, a pulley mounted on it, and a belt is connected by drive pulleys (not shown in the drawing) with the variator of the combine. The chopper is ready to go. When the combine is moving, the straw from the buttons of the straw walker of the combine enters the cutting 3 knives of the chopper, which, due to the rotation of the shaft 2, press it against the opposing knives 4, fixed to the housing 1 rigidly. There is a cutting (splitting) of straw. The cut straw enters the straw diffuser 5 and the guide plates 6 are scattered across the field. In this case, even with a strong wind giving to the right of the direction of movement of the combine, the crushed straw will not fall on an uncleaned field, since the guide plates direct it directly or to the left (to meet the wind) from the direction of movement of the combine. During the operation of the grinder, the working edges of 7 knives 3 and 4 are self-sharpening due to uneven wear, which increases their service life (without sharpening) and the quality of grinding.

If it is necessary to spread the straw without grinding in the housing 1 in the opposite wall from the attachment point to the combine (not shown in the drawing), a window is made (not shown in the drawing), and the cutting and counter-cutting knives are closed with a curtain cover (not shown in the drawing). Then the straw from the straw walker of the combine will enter the window and will be spread across the field in the form of a roll.

This embodiment of the grinder further expands its technological application.

Thus, the proposed chopper improves the quality of grinding with an increase in the service life of the knives, eliminates the spreading of straw on an uncleaned field.

Claims (2)

1. A straw chopper for a combine harvester, comprising a housing with a rotatable shaft mounted therein with cutting knives interacting with counter knives mounted on the housing, and a straw diffuser mounted on the housing with guide plates mounted on it, characterized in that the knives are made as profiled plates, the working edges of the knives are hardened on one of the sides of the edge, and the guide plates of the straw diffuser are made straight or curved to the left of the direction of movement combine harvester. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardening of the working edges of the knives is made by electrospark alloying.

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