RU2816872C1 - Method of increasing biomass of cultivated green plants by pre-sowing treatment of seeds and treatment of seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in growing agricultural plants, particularly green plants. Method involves pre-sowing treatment of plant material seeds with a biologically active preparation by soaking seeds in its aqueous solution at room temperature for 24 hours and second treatment 10 days after the emergence of cultivated green plants sprouts once with a consumption rate of 100 ml/m² by spraying seedlings with an aqueous solution of the same biologically active preparation and the same concentration. Biologically active preparation is represented by complexes of microelements with N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid.

EFFECT: method provides increase in yield of green products, use of which in food will allow maintaining high vitality of the human body and reducing the risk of many different diseases.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in growing agricultural plants, in particular green plants, by increasing their yield and nutritional value in environmentally friendly ways.

Scientific research has proven the vital role of green plants, in particular spinach, parsley, and dill, in maintaining high vitality of the human body and reducing the risk of various diseases. This is explained by the presence of green pigments: chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, which have an immunomodulatory effect, and the increased content of carotenoids in them (Kononkov P.F., Bunin M.S., Kononkova S.N. / New vegetable plants. M.: Niva Rossii 1992, p. 8).

There is a known method for treating seeds of agricultural plants with succinic acid (Application of growth regulators in crop production. - Chisinau: “Shtiintsa”, 1981, p. 7).

There is a known method of stimulating the germination of cotton seeds by treating them with succinic acid before sowing (Blagoveshchensky A.V. et al. Biochemical nature of increasing productivity with the help of succinic acid. M.: Moscow State University, 1970, pp. 29-31).

There is also a known method for pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Shadrinskaya variety by soaking them in an aqueous solution of succinic acid (Blagoveshchensky A.V. et al. Biochemical nature of increasing yields using succinic acid. M.: MSU, 1970, p. 61).

A common disadvantage of these methods is the low stimulating activity of succinic acid.

Increasing environmental pollution makes it urgent to search for environmentally friendly ways to increase the yield and nutritional value of green plants.

There is a known method of pre-sowing seed treatment (RF Patent No. 2399183, class A01C 1/06, 2008), which consists of soaking the seeds in an aqueous solution of iminodisuccinic acid, which is an environmentally friendly biologically active complexone, derivatives of succinic acid (Loginova E. S., Nikol'skii V. M., Tolkacheva L. N., Lukґyanova N. I. Synthesis and some properties of complexones, succinic acid derivatives // Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2016, Vol. 65, No. 9, P. 2206-2210, DOI: 10.1007/S11172-016-1569-7 ). This is explained by the fact that under natural environmental conditions, complexons, derivatives of succinic acid, do not pollute nature, because prone to destruction under the influence of plants (Nikolsky V.M., Smirnova T.I. Study of the possibility of biodegradation of iminodisuccinic acid and a borate complex based on it / Agricultural landscapes, their stability and development features. Collection of scientific proceedings based on materials of the International scientific Ecological Conf. – Krasnodar: KubSAU, 2020 – P. 265-267) or simply in the light (Smirnova T. I., Khizhnyak S. D., Nikolskiy V. M. et all. Degradation of complexes, derivatives of amber acid, under the action of UV radiation / / Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2017, Vol. 90, No. 4, P. 406-411, DOI: 10.1134/S1070427217040024). Such complexones and their complexes of microelements in plant cells are metabolized to form amino acids, which are an integral part of plant proteins (Smirnova T.I., Tumaseva I.G., Tolkacheva L.N., Nikolsky V.M. Impact of complexones derived from succinic acid , on the formation of carotenoids in green plants // Bulletin of Tver State University. Series: Chemistry. 2021. No. 3 (45). P. 175-181. DOI: 10.26456/vtchem2021.3.19).

The higher ability to increase the content of green pigments (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) in the above-ground parts of plants compared to succinic acid is explained by the presence of 5.62% nitrogen in IDYAK. Nitrogen is one of the main elements of mineral nutrition [V. P. Murygin, V. A. Popov, S. L. Eliseev The influence of the timing and dose of nitrogen fertilizing on the yield of winter crops // Perm Agrarian Bulletin, No. 3 (15), 2016, pp. 53-59].

Complexes of trace elements with complexones derived from succinic acid have the additional ability to increase the content of green pigments, thereby increasing the synthetic ability of leaves. It is known that 0.15-0.25% IDYAK complexes with magnesium and zinc have a significant effect on the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. An increase in the content of chlorophylls in the above-ground parts of plants is a prerequisite for increasing productivity and increasing the nutritional value of plants (A.S. USSR No. 1819556, class A01N 59/00, 55/00, 1990).

The prototype closest to the claimed invention is a method for increasing the biomass of cultivated green plants, including pre-sowing treatment of plant material seeds with a biologically active preparation by soaking the seeds in an aqueous solution at room temperature for 24 hours and a second treatment by spraying the seedlings with a solution of the same biologically active preparation. the same concentration, and the borate-iminodisuccinate complex is used as a biologically active drug in the form of an aqueous solution of a concentration of 1.5 mM, and the second treatment is carried out 10 days after the emergence of cultivated green plants once with a consumption rate of an aqueous solution of borate-iminodisuccinate complex of 100 ml/ m ² (RF Patent No. 2567190, published 11/10/2015).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the low nitrogen content in the borate-iminodisuccinate complex (B-IDYAK), up to 6% (14:258.8x100=5.41%), while all metabolic processes occurring in the plant body are from the synthesis of chlorophyll Before vitamins are absorbed, they are activated by nitrogen.

The problem solved by this invention is to develop an environmentally safe method for increasing the yield and nutritional value of cultivated green plants using complexes of microelements, for example, boron or cobalt with N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (B-CMAA or Co-CMAC), which has its composition has a high nitrogen content, combined with the use of trace elements, for example, boron or cobalt.

Boron complexes with organic substances are negatively charged, which has a positive effect on the formation of cell wall bonds with cations, for example Ca ²⁺ . The close interaction between boron and calcium is important for the growth of plant cells and the transport of calcium into the shoot (Pashkevich E.B., Suvorova E.E., Verkhovtseva N.V. Physiological and biochemical functions of boron in the plant // Agrochemistry, 2011, no. 11, pp. 85–96).

Cobalt increases the yield of various crops. The introduction of calculated doses of cobalt microfertilizers improves the use of nitrogen by plants and the absorption of calcium. The use of cobalt microfertilizers is of great importance to increase the dietary value of food products of plant origin (Nikolsky V.M., Smirnova T.I., Shilova O.V., Varlamova A.A. Effect of chelate compounds of cobalt (II) on bean plants // Problems of transformation of natural landscapes as a result of anthropogenic activities and ways to solve them. Collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the International Scientific Ecological Conference dedicated to the Year of Science and Technology. Krasnodar, 2021. pp. 120-123).

The technical result of solving the problem is to increase the yield of green products, the consumption of which will help maintain a high vitality of the human body and reduce the risk of many different diseases.

The problem posed in the invention is solved by the fact that in the proposed method of increasing the biomass of cultivated green plants, including pre-sowing treatment of seeds of plant material with a biologically active preparation by soaking the seeds in an aqueous solution at room temperature for 24 hours and a second treatment by spraying the seedlings with a solution of the same biologically active drug of the same concentration, complexes of microelements with N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (B-CMAA, gross formula C ₆ H ₈ NO ₆ B. Molecular weight 200.8 units) or Co-CMAC are used as a biologically active drug , gross formula C ₆ H ₈ NO ₆ Co. Molecular weight 249 cu) in the form of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.2 mM, and the second treatment is carried out 10 days after the emergence of cultivated green plants once with the consumption rate of the original aqueous solutions of complexonates 100 ml/ ^m2 .

With almost the same basicity of the amine nitrogen of both complexes (10.12 for IDYAK and 9.68 for KMAK), which determines the identity of the complexing properties of the complexes (Table 1) [Loginova E.S., Nikol’skii V.M. Biodegradable Chelating Agents. Effect of Optical Isomerism on the Physicochemical Characteristics // Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2017, Vol. 11, No. 4, P. 708-713, DOI: 10.1134/S1990793117040200], the nitrogen content of B-CMAC is 7% (14:200.8x100=6.97% or ≈7%), which is 1.56% higher than in B-IDYAK and the nitrogen content of Co-KMAK is 5.62% (14:249x100=5.62%), which is 1.07% higher than that of Co-IDYAK (14:308x100=4.55%) .

Thus, the increased nitrogen content in the proposed preparations (as one of the main elements of mineral nutrition of plants) in combination with their use in the form of complexonates with boron (strengthening the growth of plant cells and improving the transport of calcium into plant shoots) and cobalt (improving the absorption of nitrogen and calcium by plants ) provide a solution to the problem of increasing plant biomass.

The claimed environmentally friendly method for increasing the biomass of cultivated green plants includes the following operations:

- preparation of 0.2 mM solutions of B-CMAA or Co-CMAC;

- soaking the seeds of green plants with 0.2 mM aqueous solutions of B-CMAA or Co-CMAC for 24 hours at room temperature;

- sowing seeds pre-soaked in 0.2 mM aqueous solutions of V-CMAA or Co-CMAC using generally accepted technology;

- spraying green plants with 0.2 mM aqueous solutions of B-CMAA or Co-CMAC at a rate of 100 ml/m2 10 days after emergence;

- harvesting.

To confirm the greater effectiveness of the B-KMAK and Co-KMAK complexes in comparison with the B-IDYAK and Co-IDYAK complexes, similar operations were carried out with the IDYAK complexonates.

Example 1

The drug borate-iminodisuccinate complex (B-IDYAK) was tested in a small-plot experiment on garden spinach plants Spinacia oleracea L. (variety “Matador”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, spinach seeds were soaked in distilled water H2Odest; in the second, spinach seeds were soaked in a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of B-IDEAK. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, spinach plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of B-IDEAK at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

The use of B-IDEAK when growing spinach provided an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 84%, chlorophyll content by 21%, and total carotenoid content by 7% (Table 2).

Example 2

The drug borate-iminodisuccinate complex (B-IDYAK) was tested in a small-plot experiment on dill plants Anethum graveolens L. (variety “Rzheutsky”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, dill seeds were soaked in distilled water H2Odest, in the second, dill seeds were soaked in a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of V-IDEAK. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, dill plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of V-IDEAK at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

Data on the use of V-IDYAK when growing dill showed an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 89%, chlorophyll content by 109%, and total carotenoid content by 9% (Table 3).

Example 3

The drug cobalt-iminodisuccinate complex (Co-IDYAK) was tested in a small-plot experiment on garden spinach plants Spinacia oleracea L. (variety “Matador”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, spinach seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest, in the second, spinach seeds were soaked in a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of Co-IDEAK. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, spinach plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of Co-IDAC at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

The use of Co-IDEAK when growing spinach ensured an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 90%, chlorophyll content by 69%, and total carotenoid content by 5% (Table 2).

Example 4

The drug cobalt-iminodisuccinate complex (Co-IDYAK) was tested in a small-plot experiment on dill plants Anethum graveolens L. (variety “Rzheutsky”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, dill seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest, in the second, dill seeds were soaked in a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of Co-IDEAK. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, dill plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at the rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.15 mM aqueous solution of Co-IDAC at the rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

Data on the use of Co-IDEAK when growing dill showed an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 94%, chlorophyll content by 119%, and total carotenoid content by 10% (Table 3).

Example 5

The cobalt complex with the complexing agent N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (Co-CMAA) was tested in a small-plot experiment on garden spinach plants Spinacia oleracea L. (variety “Matador”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, spinach seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest; in the second variant, spinach seeds were soaked in a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of Co-CMAA. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, spinach plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of Co-CMAA at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

The use of Co-CMAA when growing spinach increased plant biomass compared to the control by 94%, chlorophyll content by 75%, and total carotenoid content by 7% (Table 2).

Example 6

The cobalt complex with the complexing agent N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (Co-CMAA) was tested in a small-plot experiment on dill plants Anethum graveolens L. (variety “Rzheutsky”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, dill seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest, in the second, dill seeds were soaked in a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of Co-CMAA. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, dill plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of Co-CMAA at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

Data on the use of Co-CMAC in dill cultivation showed an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 98%, chlorophyll content by 125%, and total carotenoid content by 12% (Table 3).

Example 7

The boron complex with the complexing agent N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (B-CMAA) was tested in a small-plot experiment on garden spinach plants Spinacia oleracea L. (variety “Matador”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, spinach seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest; in the second variant, spinach seeds were soaked in a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of B-CMAA. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, spinach plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of B-CMAA at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

The use of B-CMAA when growing spinach increased plant biomass compared to the control by 87%, chlorophyll content by 26%, and total carotenoid content by 9% (Table 2).

Example 8

The boron complex with the complexing agent N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (B-CMAA) was tested in a small-plot experiment on dill plants Anethum graveolens L. (variety “Rzheutsky”). The area of the registration plot is 3.5 ^m2 . The experimental design included 2 variants, repeated four times. In the first control variant, dill seeds were soaked in distilled water H ₂ Odest, in the second, dill seeds were soaked in a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of B-CMAA. In all variants, the seeds were soaked at room temperature for 24 hours. 10 days after emergence, dill plants in the control experiment were sprayed with distilled water (at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 ), and in the second experiment they were sprayed with a 0.2 mM aqueous solution of B-CMAA at a rate of 100 ml/ ^m2 .

Data on the use of B-CMAC for growing dill showed an increase in plant biomass compared to the control by 93%, chlorophyll content by 114%, and total carotenoid content by 11% (Table 3).

The claimed environmentally friendly method for increasing the biomass of cultivated green plants is industrially feasible. The positive effect of increasing the nitrogen content in preparations and the effective influence of microelements, the source of which are borate and cobalt complexes of N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid (B-CMAA or Co-CMAC), on increasing plant biomass, the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, have been established and proven experimentally. , which is expressed in increasing the yield and nutritional value of cultivated green plants.

As evidenced by the results of the experiment, treatment of seeds and plants with solutions of V-CMAA or Co-CMAC turned out to be more effective compared to V-IDAC or Co-IDAC due to the higher percentage of available ammonium nitrogen in the composition of V-CMAC and Co-CMAC. The method proposed by the applicants for pre-sowing treatment of seeds with 0.2 mM solutions of V-KMAK or Co-KMAK in the same consumption amount by weight as the 0.15 mM solution of V-IDYAK or Co-IDYAK prototype (≈14 mg of active substance per registration plot 3.5 m ² ) with a consumption rate of aqueous solutions of these complexes of 100 ml/m ² , with almost the same labor intensity, it turns out to be more effective due to the higher percentage of B-CMAA (7%) or Co-CMAC (5.62%) in the composition available ammonium nitrogen than in the composition, respectively, of B-IDYAK (5.41%) or Co-IDYAK (4.55%).

With the industrial implementation of the claimed invention, it is possible to increase the supply of high-quality green products to the country's vegetable markets, which allows maintaining high vitality of the human body and reducing the risk of many different diseases.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the biomass of cultivated green plants using pre-sowing treatment of seeds and treatment of seedlings, including pre-sowing treatment of seeds of plant material with a biologically active preparation by soaking the seeds in an aqueous solution at room temperature for 24 hours and a second treatment 10 days after the emergence of cultivated green plants. once with a consumption rate of 100 ml/m² by spraying the seedlings with an aqueous solution of the same biologically active drug and the same concentration, characterized in that complexes of trace elements with N-(carboxymethyl)aspartic acid are used as a biologically active drug.