RU2552056C1 - Method of stimulation of plant growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: planting material is treated by soaking seeds prior to sowing for 24 hours. Soaking is carried out in an aqueous solution of magnesium and zinc complexonates with iminodisuccinic acid at a ratio of MgL:ZnL=1:1. The concentration of magnesium and zinc complexonates is 1.5·10^-4 mol/l.

EFFECT: reduction of the agent consumption, and intensification of formation of pigments of photosynthetic apparatus.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, agrochemistry, ecology, in particular to chemical agents affecting the vital processes of plants, stimulating their growth and development by pre-sowing preparation of seeds, and can be used as resource-saving agricultural method, which reduces the toxic load on agricultural systems by increasing efficiency action of agrochemical preparations.

The development of such drugs is an urgent task in view of the strengthening of the negative effects of anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems.

A known method of presowing treatment of seeds, which consists in soaking the plants before sowing in an aqueous solution of complexon iminoduccinic acid with a concentration of 1.5 · 10 ^-4 M / l at room temperature for 24 hours (analogue). Then the solution is drained, and the seeds are dried with filter paper (Patent No. 2399183, 2010, bull. No. 26). Seed treatment with iminoduccinic acid provides a significant increase in total chlorophyll in plants. The structural components of the complexone used are found in plants and are natural regulators of metabolism. Complexons of this type are easily absorbed by plants, decompose into amino acids in the cells, which are involved in metabolism and are completely metabolized in the processes of energy exchange.

The disadvantages of this method include the lack of the ability to compensate for the lack of trace elements that have a stimulating effect on the development of plants, since only complexon is used for processing - iminodjuccinic acid not containing trace elements, and not its trace elements complexonates.

Also known is a method of presowing seed treatment with microelements in the composition of inorganic salts, which consists in treating the seeds 6-8 hours before sowing with a 0.1% solution of sulfates and chlorides of manganese and zinc at the rate of 1-1.5 liters of solution per 1 centner of seeds. The use of trace elements has a positive effect on seed germination, spring wheat germination, enhances photosynthetic processes, which leads to increased yields (Nastina Yu.R., Kostin V.I., Erofeeva E.N. Influence of trace elements on the change in photosynthetic activity of spring crops wheat and crop formation // Niva Volga. 2012. No. 3. P. 14-18).

The disadvantages of this method include the need to introduce large quantities of trace elements with an efficiency increase in yield of 10-20% relative to the control, which is associated with the difficulties of plants assimilating trace elements in the mineral form of inorganic salts.

A known composition for stimulating the development of potato plants (A.S. No. 1825610, 1993, bull. No. 25), consisting in the use of complexonates of biometals based on ethylene diamine-N, N ¹ -disuccinic acid (EDDYAK).

The treatment was carried out by spraying the sheet apparatus with aqueous solutions containing 0.05-0.1 wt. % ethylene diamine-N, N ¹ -duccinic acid complexonates with molybdenum, zinc, manganese, cobalt, boron, magnesium, taken in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1. The proposed composition of complexonates has a complex integrative effect: it optimizes physiological processes, increases productivity, improves the quality of the final product - potato tubers.

The disadvantages include the significant consumption of the finished solution associated with the method of processing plants (spraying the leaf apparatus). As well as the use of ethylene diamine-N, N ¹ -diuccinic acid as a complexon, which contains two nitrogen atoms, in contrast to iminodiuccinic acid, which contains only one nitrogen atom, and therefore, the safety of the latter should be higher in accordance with the available data (Hyvonen N., Orama M., Saarine N., Aksela R. Studies on biodegradable chelating ligands: complexation of iminodisuccinic acid (ISA) with Cu (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions in aqueous solution // Green Chemistry. 2003, No. 5. P 410-414).

As a prototype, a method of stimulating plant growth was selected that increases the content of green pigments and carotenoids in plants, which consists in treating with a biologically active substance - an aqueous solution of biometallic complexonates (magnesium and zinc) in a ratio of 1: 1 with a certain concentration, where imino-di-succinic is used as a complexing agent acid (SU 1819556 A1, 1993).

The disadvantages of this method is the need to use a large number of solutions of IDNAC complexonates with biometals (magnesium and zinc), which increases the consumption and cost of the process. Soaking seeds to stimulate plant growth is 34 times more effective than spraying the leaf crown of plants according to A.S. No. 1819556, publ. 06/07/1993 a similar solution (in a 0.15% solution of complexonates according to AS No. 1819556 contains a biologically active substance of at least 1.5 g / l, while we use a 1.5 * 10 ^-4 M solution of complexonates containing [ 1.5 * (24 + 65 + 2 * 247) / 2 = 1.5 * 292 = 438] * 10 ^-4 g / l). Processing the leaf apparatus of plants with a solution does not provide a sufficient increase in the content of green pigments and carotenoids in plants.

The objective of the invention is to stimulate the growth and development of plants at a low consumption of the drug used, an indicator of which may be the intensification of the formation of pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus, the least time-consuming and economical way.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of stimulating plant growth, including processing planting material by soaking the seeds before sowing for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of magnesium and zinc complexonates with iminoduccinic acid at a ratio of MgL: ZnL = 1: 1, the concentration of biometallic complexonates ( magnesium and zinc) is 1.5 · 10 ^-4 mol / L.

When complexonates (Mg + Zn) are ingested, IDAC, i.e. a mixture of MgL and ZnL with a component ratio of 1: 1, where L is the designation of the ligand, together with soaked seeds in the soil, an unexpected technical result is observed due to the additional involvement of trace elements necessary for the plant from the soil through the formation of binuclear M ₂ L and even polynuclear M _n L complexonates [N.M. Dyatlova, V.Ya. Temkina, K.I. Popov "Complexons and complexonates of metals", Moscow: Chemistry, 1988, p. one hundred]. Moreover, the presence in the system (in the soil) of several cations contribute to the synthesis of heteronuclear formations of M′M ″ L - mixed-metal complexes.

Due to the presence of four carboxyl groups (-COO ^- ) in IDAC and the increased affinity of alkaline earth elements (including magnesium), as well as zinc to oxygen [N.M. Dyatlova, V.Ya. Temkina, K.I. Popov "Complexons and complexonates of metals", Moscow: Chemistry, 1988, p. 351-352] mixed metal polynuclear complexes M _n L increasing initial stoichiometry of Mg-L or Zn-L are formed due to carboxylate bridges [M. Beck, I. Nagypal "The study of complexation with the latest methods", M .: Mir, 1989, S. 332].

Moreover, as M. Beck testifies, and I. Nagypal in the same monograph [S. 332], "... if a given metal ion is generally capable of producing a complex compound, it gives mononuclear and polynuclear complexes." The formation of bimetal complexes of zinc and other metals with a M: L ratio exceeding 1: 1 is described in the works of Brintziger and Munkelt, as well as Langert [H. Brintzinger, U. Munkelt // Z. Anorg. Chem. 1948, 256, 65; H.G. Langer // J. Inorg. a. Nucl. Chem. 1964, V. 226, P. 767. Quoted from N.M. Dyatlova, V.Ya. Temkina, I.D. Kolpakova ″ Complexons ”, 1970, Moscow: Chemistry, p. 282].

M. Beck and I. Nagypal explain the formation of polynuclear complexes by the entropy effect, noting that this is a simplified explanation of the chelating effect in our case [M. Beck, I. Nagypal "The study of complexation with the latest methods", M .: Mir, 1989, p. 333].

As follows from the table. 1 and table 2 descriptions, the additional involvement of trace elements IDNC complexonates (Mg + Zn) by the chelating effect from the soil (including magnesium) contributes to an increase in the chlorophyll content by almost 50% compared with the use of pure IDAC complexon [as provided in the Patent No. 2399183] in spring wheat (325-218) / 218 * 100% = 49.08% and more than 14% in spinach (160-140) / 140 * 100% = 14.29%.

Creating conditions for the manifestation of a chelato-effect, which provides an additional significant formation of chlorophylls when using IDNC complexonates (Mg + Zn), in our proposed "Plant Growth Stimulation Method" leads to an unexpected technical result confirming the "inventive step" of our application.

The proposed method differs in the complex synergistic effect of the action from the presence of complexon (a metabolic regulator) and two trace elements (magnesium and zinc) in an easily digestible form of an organic compound (in the form of complexonate), and not an inorganic salt.

The technical result is to reduce the consumption of growth-promoting drug, increasing productivity by using minimal concentrations of IDAC complexonates, while enhancing the photosynthetic processes of plants due to the synergistic effect of the supply of trace elements magnesium and zinc in a form readily available to the plant in the form of a compound with the IDAC biologically active ligand. The technical result is also manifested in the creation of an environmentally friendly and safe product, since this obtained environmentally friendly agricultural product can reduce or minimize adverse environmental effects or toxic effects.

The essence of the proposed method is as follows:

The seeds of crops for a day are soaked in a solution of a biologically active substance containing complexes of iminodiamic acid with magnesium and zinc.

The proposed solutions of the inventive growth promoter are prepared as follows. Initially, 1 liter of a 0.1 mol / L solution of, for example, iminoduccinic acid in distilled water is prepared.

As magnesium compounds, magnesium sulfate, nitrate or chloride are used.

As zinc compounds, zinc sulfate according to GOST 4174-77 or zinc oxide according to GOST 10262-73 is used.

The proposed composition is obtained by mixing the starting components in the indicated proportions, providing a synergistic effect.

The concentration of each complexonate is 1.5 · 10 ^-4 mol / l. The flow rate of the solution depends on the surface area of the seeds and is, for example, 1-1.5 liters of solution per 1 centner of grain.

An important distinguishing feature of this composition is the synergy of action from the totality of the positive effects of the supply of trace elements magnesium and zinc in an easily accessible form to the plant and the growth-promoting action of the biologically active IDAC ligand.

The complexes of zinc and magnesium with IDAC have a beneficial effect on the physiological state, growth and productivity of plants.

The use of these chelate compounds has a positive effect on the state of the pigment system of plants, because these compounds induce an increase in both the content of chlorophylls “a” and “b”, and the amount of carotenoids.

The yield accumulation depends on the totality of all internal processes of plant organisms and the ratio of external factors. The most significant process that significantly affects crop yields is photosynthesis.

The composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants includes two types of green pigments: chlorophyll "a" and chlorophyll "b". The main function of chlorophylls in a plant is the absorption of light energy and its conversion into chemical energy. Yellow pigments - carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) belong to additional pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus, expanding its spectral range.

Plant pigments are the most important participants in the process of photosynthesis, which provides a biological crop of agrophytocenoses - crops of agricultural plants.

Iminodisuccinates of biometals (magnesium and zinc), the use of which provides for this method, have a significant impact on the synthesis of plant pigments and crop formation. This is because the magnesium cation as a complexing ion is part of the magnesium - porphyrin complex of chlorophyll molecules, and zinc is a component of more than forty enzymes, including chloroplast carbonic anhydrase, whose physiological role is the rapid fixation of CO ₂ absorbed by plants.

A lack of both magnesium and zinc in the soil causes various forms of plant chlorosis and a decrease in their productivity. The proposed method of presowing treatment with magnesium and zinc chelates with IDAC helps to enhance the photosynthetic processes of plants, which as a result leads to an increase in yield.

The invention allows to stimulate plant growth by pre-sowing seed treatment. This method is simpler in comparison with the prototype and more economical, because the consumption of biologically active solutions for seed treatment is less than for the treatment of plants by spraying, which is associated with a difference in the area of the treated surface.

Unlike EDC, used as a ligand in the prototype, the inventive composition is based on the use of IDAC, which contains less nitrogen. And this is important because the lower the nitrogen content in the compound, the less it gets into the wastewater during complexone decomposition (H. Hyvonen, M. Orama, H. Saarinen, R. Aksela. Studies on biodegradable chelating ligands: complexation of iminodisuccinic acid (ISA) with Cu ( II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) ions in aqueous solutions // Green Chemistry, 2003, 5, 410-414).

In addition, the synergistic enhancing effect of the mixture leads, for example, to lower application rates and / or longer duration of action and / or higher crop yields. Such a positive effect could not be expected on the basis of the sum of the activities of the individual components.

The synergistic effect on plant viability of the mixture of the invention was demonstrated using the experiments described below.

Experience has shown that a composition using IDAC instead of EDC allows you to get plants, for example, wheat or spinach with a high content of plant pigments.

Example 1

The seeds of spring wheat were soaked for a day in solutions of IDAC and its complexes with magnesium and zinc (the concentration of all initial solutions was 1.5 · 10 ^-4 mol / l). For comparison, the experiment used spring wheat seeds soaked in solutions of MgSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ , as well as in solutions of complexes of magnesium and zinc with ethylenediamine-N, N ¹ -tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDDC of the same concentration. Control seeds were soaked in distilled water. The experiment was laid in two parallels on plots of 1 m ² .

The content of plant pigments in wheat leaves was determined at the beginning of the heading stage by studying acetone extracts by a spectrophotometric method using a KFK-3 photometer.

The results of the experiment are given in table. one.

As the data in the table show, pre-sowing seed treatment had a significant effect on wheat plants, which is explained by a larger mass and a larger surface area of seeds, which in turn provides a large number of sorbed preparations.

For spring wheat, the proposed composition is more effective compared to the prototype. The table shows that the best stimulator of the formation of chlorophylls was a mixture of (Mg + Zn) -IDNA (ΔW _CL = 57% with respect to the control). Moreover, the stimulating effect of IDNK complexonates increases in the series: Mg-IDNK <Zn-IDNK <(Mg + Zn) -IDAK. The action of EDTA complexonates is characterized by another dependence: Zn-EDTA <(Mg + Zn) -EDTA <Mg-EDTA. Obviously, Mg ^{2+ ions} in complex with EDTA ( _{logK MgL} ^2- = 8.83) are still available for plants, while from the Zn-EDTA complex ( _{logK ZnL} ^2- = 16.44) Zn ions cannot be extracted by plants in the physiological pH range .

Example 2

Spinach seeds were soaked for 24 hours in solutions of IDAC and its complexes with magnesium and zinc (the concentration of all initial solutions was 1.5 · 10 ^-4 mol / L). For comparison, the experiment used spinach seeds soaked in solutions of MgSO ₄ , ZnSO ₄ and also in solutions of complexes of magnesium and zinc with ethylenediamine-N, N ¹ - tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDDC of the same concentration. Control seeds were soaked in distilled water. The experiment was laid in two parallels on plots of 1 m ² .

The content of plant pigments in spinach leaves was determined 30 days after emergence by examining acetone extracts by a spectrophotometric method using a KFK-3 photometer.

The results of the experiment are given in table. 2.

According to the table, the mixture (Mg + Zn) -IDAK has a stimulating effect on the development of spinach, although less significant compared to example 1. This is due to the small surface area of the spinach seeds in comparison with the surface area of the seeds of spring wheat and, therefore, different the number of adsorbed drugs.

A noticeable stimulating effect on both types of experimental plants is exerted by free IDAC. It can be assumed that the products of its decay in the plant organism go not only to the synthesis of peptides, but are also used in other reactions, for example, transamination in the biosynthesis of glutamic acid, which is necessary for the formation of chlorophylls.

Thus, pre-sowing seed treatment (the least labor-intensive way of using biologically active substances in crop production) has shown good efficiency as a technique that intensifies the formation of pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus and makes it very useful from the point of view of industrial application.

Table 1. The content of plant pigments in the leaves of spring wheat No. Experience option Pigment Content (mg / 100 g wet weight) Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll B Chlorophyll "a" + chlorophyll "b" Carotenoids one H ₂ O 60 ± 0.07 139 ± 0.08 199 ± 0.08 78 ± 0.04 2 MgSO ₄ 80 ± 0.06 148 ± 0.11 228 ± 0.11 72 ± 0.02 3 ZnSO ₄ 65 ± 0.05 154 ± 0.10 219 ± 0.10 96 ± 0.02 four MgSO ₄ + ZnSO ₄ 73 ± 0.12 179 ± 0.03 252 ± 0.12 58 ± 0.01 5 Mg - EDTA 72 ± 0.01 178 ± 0.01 250 ± 0.01 63 ± 0.01 6 Zn - EDTUK 51 ± 0.01 126 ± 0.05 177 ± 0.05 82 ± 0.01 7 (Mg + Zn) - EDTA 64 ± 0.01 144 ± 0.03 208 ± 0.03 81 ± 0.01 8 Mg - EDDYAK 49 ± 0.02 119 ± 0.01 168 ± 0.02 85 ± 0.01 9 Zn - EDDYAK 74 ± 0.03 179 ± 0.02 253 ± 0.03 71 ± 0.01 10 (Mg + Zn) - EDDYAK 76 ± 0.01 189 ± 0.02 265 ± 0.02 64 ± 0.03 eleven Mg - IDAC 66 ± 0.02 165 ± 0.08 231 ± 0.08 67 ± 0.03 12 Zn - IDAC 90 ± 0.02 207 ± 0.04 297 ± 0.04 53 ± 0.02 13 (Mg + Zn) - IDAC 94 ± 0.01 231 ± 0.14 325 ± 0.14 43 ± 0.07 fourteen IDAK 66 ± 0.01 152 ± 0.14 218 ± 0.14 68 ± 0.01

Table 2. The content of plant pigments in spinach leaves No. Experience option Pigment Content (mg / 100 g wet weight) Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll B Chlorophyll "a" + chlorophyll "b" Carotenoids one H ₂ O 90 ± 0.01 23 ± 0.02 113 ± 0.02 110 ± 0.01 2 MgSO ₄ 117 ± 0.05 27 ± 0.03 144 ± 0.05 110 ± 0.02 3 ZnSO ₄ 110 ± 0.01 32 ± 0.01 142 ± 0.01 103 ± 0.01 four MgSO ₄ + ZnSO ₄ 115 ± 0.02 36 ± 0.01 151 ± 0.02 112 ± 0.01 5 Mg - EDTA 98 ± 0.02 36 ± 0.01 134 ± 0.02 108 ± 0.01 6 Zn - EDTUK 102 ± 0.01 28 ± 0.01 130 ± 0.01 95 ± 0.01 7 (Mg + Zn) - EDTA 97 ± 0.04 30 ± 0.01 127 ± 0.04 117 ± 0.01 8 Mg - EDDYAK 97 ± 0.02 29 ± 0.03 126 ± 0.03 100 ± 0.01 9 Zn - EDDYAK 112 ± 0.03 30 ± 0.03 142 ± 0.03 95 ± 0.01 10 (Mg + Zn) - EDDYAK 137 ± 0.04 33 ± 0.03 170 ± 0.04 168 ± 0.01 eleven Mg - IDAC 34 ± 0.01 26 ± 0.03 120 ± 0.03 102 ± 0.01 12 Zn - IDAC 126 ± 0.02 30 ± 0.01 156 ± 0.02 99 ± 0.01 13 (Mg + Zn) - IDAC 127 ± 0.02 33 ± 0.02 160 ± 0.02 102 ± 0.01 fourteen IDAK 115 ± 0.02 25 ± 0.02 140 ± 0.02 96 ± 0.01

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating plant growth, including processing planting material by soaking the seeds before sowing for 24 hours in an aqueous solution of magnesium and zinc complexonates with iminoduccinic acid at a ratio of MgL: ZnL = 1: 1, characterized in that the concentration of biometallic complexonates, namely magnesium and zinc, is 1.5 · 10 ^-4 mol / L.