RU2463758C2 - Method of increasing environmental safety of seed yield in technogenically polluted agrocenoses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture. According to the proposed method for increasing environmental safety of seed yield in technogenically polluted agrocenoses, seeds before sowing are treated with ultradispersed powder of iron.

EFFECT: this method enables to decrease contamination of grain with pollutants, namely, cadmium and lead, without reducing crop yields.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and, in particular, to crop production.

In agricultural production, a wide range of techniques has been developed to reduce pollutants in the soil in order to reduce their conversion to plants (Pokrovskaya S.F., 1986; Popova A.A., 1991; Chernykh N.A., 1991; Tsaplina M.A. , 1992). The introduction of dolomite flour into the soil is highly effective. When it is introduced into the soil in an amount of 20-40 t / ha, the biological properties of soils are reduced, but the intake of lead, cadmium and zinc into plants is sharply reduced (Lebedeva L.A. et al., 1994). The use of sapropel, zeolite and activated carbon at the rate of 15 t / ha as an ameliorant decreases about 2–3 times (heavy metals) (Ogluzdin A.S., Alekseev Yu.V., Vyalushkina NI, 1996). The methods widely used in agricultural practice include liming and soil application of clay (Romanenko A.A., 1996, 2004, 2009), as well as the use of peat-based ameliorants (Tsyganov A.R. et al., 1999).

The disadvantages of the known methods of reducing the intake of heavy metals and other pollutants into plants by applying various sorbents to the soil are associated with significant labor and time.

The aim of the present invention was to reduce labor costs and time to implement methods that limit the flow of heavy metals into the seed crop.

This goal is achieved by pre-sowing treatment of plant seeds with ultrafine iron powder. This powder, having high adsorption biological activity, is environmentally safe (Pavlov G.V., 2002; Kovalenko L.V., Folmanis G.E., 2006 and others). The seeds of a microdose of metal nanoparticles are applied in aqueous suspension, for the preparation of which ultrasonic mixing is used. Seeds are sprayed with an aqueous suspension of metal nanoparticles immediately before sowing.

The technical result is expressed in reducing labor costs and time to implement a method that limits the flow of heavy metals and other pollutants into the seed production of cultivated crops.

Example. Before sowing corn seeds were sprayed with an aqueous suspension of ultrafine iron powder with a size of 20-30 nm. The suspension was prepared according to TU 931800-4270760-96 in an ultrasonic bath (model PSB-5735-5). A sample of nanogland powder was placed in it for 7–10 min at the rate of 3 g / t of seeds, which corresponded to 0.08 g of powder per 1 ha of sowing. 80-100 thousand seeds were sown per 1 ha. Control seeds were not sprayed with nanopowder suspension. Those and other seeds were sown separately on a field of about 110 ha.

The soil of the experimental field was leached heavy loamy chernozem with a density of 1.1-1.2 g / cm and the thickness of the arable layer from 30 to 35 cm. The humus content in the arable layer is 5.9 ± 0.43%, the soil solution is medium and slightly acidic (pH 4.9-5.4) , the availability of mobile phosphorus is 1.22 ± 0.01 mg / kg, and potassium is 1.43 ± 0.04 mg / kg. Soil contamination with lead, cadmium, and iron was at the level of 14.1 ± 0.22, 0.12 ± 0.01, and 42.3 ± 0.38 mg / kg, respectively.

After the maturation of corn at its seeds by the atomic absorption method, the contents of lead, cadmium, copper and iron were determined. The iron content in the corn grain harvest, the seeds of which were sowed with a suspension of iron nanoparticles were less than in the control, 2.6, copper - 1.3, lead - 1.4 and cadmium - 1.6 times (see table). At the same time, the grain mass of ears of corn collected from plants whose seeds were pre-sown with iron nanoparticles exceeded the control average by 15.4% (P≈0.95).

Table The content of chemical elements in the corn grain, the seeds of which were subjected (experiment) or not (control), pre-sowing treatment with a suspension of iron nanoparticle powder Element Experience The control M ± m M ± m Fe, mg / kg 13.64 ± 0.31 35.41 ± 0.66 Pb, mg / kg 0.36 ± 0.07 0.51 ± 0.04 Cd, mcg / kg 8.82 ± 1.10 14.0 ± 1.52

Thus, pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds with ultrafine iron powder, without reducing the crop yield, helps to reduce grain contamination with pollutants - cadmium and lead.

Information sources

Kovalenko L.V., Folmanis G.E. Biologically active nanopowders of iron. M .: Science. 2006.126 p.

Lebedeva L.A., Amelyanchik O.A., Lebedev S.N., Mohammed F. Biological properties of sod-podzolic soil contaminated with heavy metals // Agrochemistry. - 1994. - No. 3. - S. 106-111.

Ogluzdin A.S., Alekseev Yu.V., Vyalushkina N.I. Sapropel as an ameliorant of soils contaminated with heavy metals // Chemistry in Agriculture. 1996. No4. S.5-7.

Pavlov G.V. The use of ultrafine powders in agriculture // Achievements of science and technology in the agricultural sector. 2002. No3. C.3-8.

Pokrovskaya S.F. Soil pollution by heavy metals and its effect on agricultural production. M .: VNIITEIagroprom, 1986. 56 s.

Popova A.A. The effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the state of heavy metals in soils // Agrochemistry. - 1991. - No. 3. - S. 62-67.

Romanenko A.A. The effect of clay on the intake of cesium-137 in the herbage of a natural floodplain meadow // Vestnik MANEB. 2004.V.9. - No. 2. S.27-29.

Tsaplina M.A. The distribution of heavy metals in the main components of a meadow biocenosis // Agrochemistry. 1992. No. 9. S.106-111.

Chernykh N.A. Change in the content of a number of chemical elements in plants under the influence of various amounts of heavy metals in the soil // Agrochemistry. 1991. No3. S.68.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the environmental safety of a seed crop in technologically contaminated agrocenoses, characterized in that the seeds are treated with ultrafine iron powder before sowing.