RU2544960C1 - Method of growing green hydroponic fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of growing green hydroponic fodder comprises processing the seed material with activated water - catholyte. With the purpose of long, at least 7 days, keeping the activation properties of the cathode solution pH 8-9 and Eh=-350 - -400 mV with active continuous air bubbling, the stabiliser - gelatine is added into the aqueous solution at a concentration of not less than 0.01 wt %.

EFFECT: increased energy of germination of seeds and vegetative mass, prevention of adverse reactions and increase in yield of green hydroponic fodder.

1 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method for growing green hydroponic feed (ZGK).

The aim of the invention is the activation of seed germination, increase germination and germination energy by treating seeds and green seedlings with biologically activated water (catholyte) obtained by electrolysis with a pH of 8-9 and redox potential Eh = -350 ... -400 mV with a stabilizer, and using aeroionic air nutrition of seeds and plant seedlings. The catholyte stabilizer is one of the uncharged amino acids or their derivatives, or peptides in an amount of not less than 0.01 wt.%. The stabilizer ensures the preservation of the useful qualities of the cathode solution, prevents the oxidative and microbiological reaction [1].

It has been established that as a result of hydroponic germination, the chemical properties of grain in oats, barley and a mixture of vetch and oats change significantly. So, starch is hydrolyzed to dextrins and maltose, proteins to amino acids and amides, fats to glycerol and fatty acids. On the fifth day of germination, the concentration of free sugars increases by 10%, the lysine content - by 28%, protein - by 1.4 ... 1.9 times, vitamin E - by 1.3 ... 2 times, and the formation of carotene, vitamins C , PP and others [2, 3].

A typical technology for the process of growing ZGK provides for the mandatory stage of preparation of seed material - its disinfection, in our experiment by treatment with a 0.01% solution of potassium permanganate, and if we take into account that the proposed method involves the use of aeroionic activation of seeds and vegetative mass with air, then moldy mushrooms like strict aerobes, i.e. actively growing in the presence of oxygen, they are the producers of the most dangerous mycotoxins for farm animals [14, 15].

The disinfection of seeds during the cultivation of ZGK is also caused by the fact that the level of infection of grain crops by molds and bacteria according to the data of many years of monitoring by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (website: www.msx.ru) is 60-80%.

After disinfection, the seeds are distributed without drying over the vegetation surface.

To activate the process of seed germination, known methods of treatment with ultraviolet radiation, chemically active substances, electric and magnetic fields [4].

One of the promising methods for activating seed germination is treating grain with electrochemically activated (ECA) water — catholyte, which is formed in the cathode zone of a diaphragm electrolyzer, which has a biostimulating effect [5, 6, 7, 9] - Table 1.

As a result of processing the seed material with activated water - catholyte, the energy of seed germination on the 3rd day increases by 2.3-3.4 times. At the same time, there is an increase in the length of seedlings and root lengths on the 7th day compared with the control by an average of 8.0-14.3%.

The seed weight during processing in catholyte after daily exposure due to the active permeability of the seed cover increased by 64.4%, which exceeds the control by 28%.

Disease damage during treatment with tap water was 72.1%, and activated - zero.

Example. Based on the analysis of previous studies [2, 3, 9, 10, 12], a method for germinating barley seeds in laboratory conditions on the “Hydroponic germinator of grains and seeds” is selected. Health treasure ”(TU 4738-001-67278420-2012) [13]. The technological scheme of the germinator is presented in figure 1.

The hydroponic germinator consists of a plastic container 1 with a cover 4, the liquid level during operation should be approximately 1 cm from the bottom of the trellis basket 3 with a size of 14 × 14 cm with seeds, the solution volume is 3 l. A distinctive feature of the technological technique is that hydroaero-ion activation is carried out using an AIR 6 compressor, model 22000-1, with a capacity of 1.6 l / min and a power of 2.5 W connected to a spray gun 2 with a silicone hose 5.

After basic preparation for work, the germinator is closed with a lid and removed after 36-48 hours. Duration of cultivation of ZGK - 7-8 days.

Numerous studies conducted earlier have shown that aeroionic activation of seeds and vegetative mass increases the productivity and quality of ZGK [10].

It should be noted that, firstly, the air passed through ordinary tap water leaves it with oxygen particles of negative polarity, and their concentration increases significantly if activated water is used - catholyte with a pH of 8-9 and Eh = -350 ... -400 mV. Secondly, air is cleaned of dust, smoke and air microflora, which are the centers of the formation of heavy positive aero ions (pseudo-aero ions), which have an adverse effect on plant cells and protein particles in the grain.

The oxygen molecule of air, passed through activated water, easily attaches one or two free electrons to itself, ionizes and turns into an oxygen ion of negative polarity.

When oxygen is converted to an activated state, the action of catholyte, as a biostimulant, is reduced to an improvement in photosynthesis, due to its electron-donating ability to supply electrons to the plant, while stimulating tissue respiration, physiological regeneration, and enzyme activity [16, 17].

The constant hydroaeroionic activation in the experiment is caused by the fact that the existence of light negative oxygen aeroions is equal to an average of only 1 minute. Their concentration compared to the number of molecules in a volume of 1 cm ^{3 of} air (2.7 * 10 ¹⁹ ... 3.0 * 10 ¹⁹ ) is extremely small and cellular action is possible only at a concentration of 10 ³ ... 10 ⁴ aero ions in 1 cm ³ . When the energy of one air ion is on average 0.5 * 10 ^-10 erg for a time equal to 1 minute, at a concentration of 10 ³ ... 10 ⁴ air ions in 1 cm ³ they create an external energy exchange equal to

E = 1.6 * 10 ³ * 10 ³ * 0.5 * 10 ^-10 = 0.8 * 10 ^-4 erg / min,

where 1,6 * 10 ³ - minute volume of air supplied by compressor 6, cm / min;

10 ³ - the number of negative air ions in cm ³ ;

0,5 * 10 ^-10 - energy of one air ion in erg.

The obtained energy value provides energy exchange of charges, including the energy of seed germination and growth of vegetative mass on the area of the basket 3, equal to 196 cm ² .

In the theoretical justification of the effectiveness of the hydroaeroionic method of growing green hydroponic feeds, information is gleaned from the works of A.L. Chizhevsky [10].

Scheme of experience:

Control - the capacity of 1 hydroponic germinator with seeds is filled with ordinary tap water, which met the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 [11].

Experiment I - capacity 1 is filled with an aqueous solution of catholyte (pH 8-9 and Eh = -350 ... -400 mV), which was obtained by electrolysis of tap water using the bio-electroactivator "Espero - 1" of Tashkent company.

Experience II - the capacity of 1 germinator with seeds is filled with an aqueous solution of catholyte (pH 8-9 and Eh = -350 ... -400 mV) with a stabilizer (gelatin sheet TU 9219-011-99205730-08), since it is known that an electroactivated aqueous solution catholyte loses its properties in an open container, and even more so when it is actively sparged with air after 2-3 hours, no matter what the initial redox potential of this aqueous solution has [1, 8].

As a stabilizer, we used a peptide represented by gelatin in a concentration of at least 0.01 wt.% [1], which guarantees the long-term preservation of the properties of the aqueous solution of catholyte (Eh and pH) during the experiment for 7 days, while the solution exhibits antimicrobial and antifungal activity, on the other hand, when feeding grown GHG to animals, it activates the growth of “friendly” microflora of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli [1].

The material for the experiment was taken barley seeds of the variety "Donetsk 8", their quality corresponded to the first class GOST 10469-76.

The mode of growing ZGK in the experiment: the norm of sowing grain - 1.5 kg / m ² , the duration of daylight hours - 23 hours / day, illumination - 500 lux, the duration of cultivation - 7 days. at a temperature of + 20 ° C [12] and constant sparging with air - 1.6 l / min.

The use of a nutrient solution is not provided.

The obtained data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of ZGK from barley grain are summarized in Table 2.

From the results of the study it can be seen that the activation of germination of barley seeds, increase their germination and germination energy by treating seeds and green seedlings with an aqueous solution of catholyte (pH 8-9, Eh = -350 ... -400 mV), stabilized gelatin (at a concentration of not less 0.01 wt.%) In combination with constant aerobic sparging with air, allowed:

- increase the yield of ZGK on dry weight by 10.5% compared with the control;

- while the protein content increased by 4.7%;

- respectively, carotene by 56%.

The data in tables 2 and 3 illustrate that gelatin, possessing the properties of a stabilizer of the activity of a cathode solution [1] with a hydroaeroionic method of growing hydroponic feeds, retains a high concentration of oxygen particles of negative polarity in the solution, while increasing the energy of seed germination and growth of the vegetative mass.

Thus, the spontaneously changing redox properties of the aqueous solution of catholyte are stabilized in the experiment by dissolving gelatin in it in an amount of at least 0.01 wt.%, Which ensured the preservation of the useful properties of the cathode solution (pH, Eh) and prevented oxidative and microbiological reactions in during the entire growing period - 7 days.

Information sources

1. Invention patent No. 2234945 RU. Stabilizer of an aqueous solution and water-containing raw materials with spontaneously changing redox properties / V.M. Janitors: published on August 27, 2004.

2. Kandyba V.N., Kotov A.N. Using green hydroponic feed all year round is a real way to profitable and environmentally friendly livestock and poultry farming. - Technology of animal husbandry, No. 8 (8), 2008 - P.6-7.

3. Osadchenko I.M., Gorlov I.F., Kharchenko O.V. The use of electrochemically activated water in the cultivation of spring barley. - Feed production, No. 8, 2007 - S.26-28.

4. Zaynalov A.A., Letova A.N., Chetokin A.M. The use of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in agricultural production // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, 2009 - P.31-32.

5. Butko M.P., Frolov V.S., Tiganov V.S. The use of electrochemically activated solutions of sodium chloride for the rehabilitation of agricultural facilities. - Vetkorm, No. 1, 2007 - S.25-27.

6. Jurabov M. The use of electroactivated water in agriculture. - Mechanization, electrification of agriculture, No. 11, 1986 - S.51-53.

7. Kalunyants K.A., Kochetkova A.A., Sushenkova O.A., Sadova A.I., Filatova T.V. Intensification of technological processes of grain processing by electrochemical influence. // Meeting on electrochemical activation of media. Abstracts of reports. - All-Union Chemical Society km. DI. Mendeleev, 1987 .-- p. 83.

8. Patent for invention No. 2155717 RU. The method of non-reagent change in the physico-mechanical properties of water and / or aqueous solutions / V.M. Bahir: published on 09/10/2000.

9. Patent for invention No. 2429592 RU. A method of growing green hydroponic feed / S.A. Miroshnikov, T.D. Deryabin and others: published on 09.27.2011.

10. Chizhevsky A.L. Aeroionification in the national economy. - M: Gosplanizdat, 1960 .-- 758 p.

11. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water, - M .: Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia. - 2002. - 103 p.

12. Kruglyakov Yu.A. Equipment for the continuous cultivation of green feed hydroponically. - M .: IN "Agropromizdat", 1991. - S.11-13.

13. Operation manual "Hydroponic germinator of grains and seeds" Health KLAD ", manufacturer LLC" Staxel ", Russia.

14. Monastic O.A. Toxic mushrooms parasitizing on grain. - Agro XXI. - 2011. No. 11. - S.6-7.

15. Bilay V.I. Fusaria. - Kiev: "Naukova Dumka." - 1977 .-- 444 p.

16. Patent for invention No. 2349071 RU. The method of processing winter wheat / E.A. Alexandrova, R.M. Gerchaulova, G.A. Shramko, T.V. Knyazev: published on March 20, 2009.

17. Patent for invention No. 2349072 RU. The method of foliar feeding of winter wheat / E.A. Alexandrova, R.M. Gerchaulova, G.A. Shramko, O.S. Shishkova: published on March 20, 2009.

Table 1 The influence of the method of seed treatment on the effectiveness of their germination Indicators seed soaking in tap water (control) in activated water (experience) Characterization of an aqueous solution Eh = + 260 mV, pH 6.7 Eh = -350 ... -400 mV, pH 8-9 Germination energy (% germinated seeds on the 3rd day) 80 (6% with roots ≥10 mm) 88 (23% with roots ≥10 mm) Germination (% germinated seeds on the 7th day) 93 95 The length of seedlings on the 7th day, mm 80 mm - 75% 90 mm - 80% 55 mm - 18% 55 mm - 15% The length of the roots on the 7th day, mm 75 mm - 75% 75 mm - 85% 65 mm - 13% 65 mm - 10% Weight 100 seeds, g before soaking 4.67 4,52 after daily exposure 7.02 7.43

table 2 Chemical composition and nutritional value of ZGK from barley grain Indicators Indicator value the control experience I experience II The yield of dry matter with the norm of laying the grain of 1.5 kg / m ² , kg / m ² 1.05 0.10 1.16 Ash% 5.1 5.2 6.5 Fat% 2.6 3.0 3,5 Protein,% 20,0 21.0 24.7 Cellulose, % 15.4 19.0 17.0 Calcium% 0.44 0.46 0.44 Phosphorus,% 0.24 0.39 0.38 Energy equivalent, MJ / kg 9.9 9.9 10.0 Nutrition, feed. u / kg 0.7 0.6 0.73 Caroin mg / kg 10.0 10,2 15.6

Table 3 Characterization of the redox properties of a single solution during hydroaeroionic cultivation of hydroponic feed Indicators Indicator value The control Experience I Experience II initial after 7 days initial after 7 days initial after 7 days Ph 6.7 8.12 8.6 7.97 8.62 7.92 Eh, mV +250 +150 -350 +260 -350 -250

Claims (1)

A method of growing green hydroponic feed, including the treatment of seed material with activated water obtained by electrolysis, characterized in that for the purpose of a long, at least 7 days, preservation of the properties of the redox potential of an aqueous solution of catholyte with a pH of 8-9 and Eh = -350 ... -400 mV with active air sparging, a gelatin stabilizer is introduced into the cathode solution in a concentration of at least 0.01 wt.%, Which increases the energy of seed germination and growth of the vegetative mass in combination with continuous aeroionic activation spirit, prevents unwanted oxidative and microbiological reactions and increases the yield of green hydroponic feed by 8-12%.

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